Skeletal System - Arms and Shoulder and Hand Bones

Radial Tuberoisty

An oval eminence on the medial side of the radius distal to the neck where the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle inserts.

Scaphoid (Navicular)

Big bone under Metacarpal I that is closest to the wrist.

Clavicle

Collarbone

Superior Border

Concave, and extends from the superior angle of the scapula to the coracoid process of the scapula. It is the SHORTEST and the THINNEST of the 3 bordes of the scapula.

Medial Border (Vertebral Border)

Extends all the way along the long edge of the scapula, from the superior angle of the scapula to the inferior angle of the scapula. It is the LONGEST of the 3 borders.

Lateral Border (Axillary Border)

Extends down from the lower margin of the glenoid cavity all the way along the lateral edge of the scapula to the inferior angle. It is the THICKEST of the 3 borders.

Ulna Right or Left?

Face the trochlear notch away from you (U-shaped process) and look at the olecranon -ask yourself - on what side is the radial notch? -if it is on the right - it is a right ulna

Styloid Process

Found at the distal end of the forearm, and projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head.

Humerous Right or Left?

Hold the bone so that the capitulum and trochlea face YOU (anterior) -if the head faces left - it is a left humerus

Scapula Right or left?

Hold the bone with the spine facing YOU and the apex facing DOWN -if the acromion faces left - it is a left scapula

Triangular (Triquetrum)

Located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones.

Ulna

Located on the opposite side of the forearm from the thumb. It joins with the humerus on its larger end to make the elbow joint, and joins with the carpal bones of the hand at its smaller end. Together with the radius, the ulna enables the wrist joint to rotate.

Metacarpal II

The long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the "metacarpus."

Metacarpal III

The long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the "metacarpus."

Metacarpal IV

The long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the "metacarpus."

Metacarpal V

The long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the "metacarpus."

Trochlea

The medial portion of the articular surface of the elbow joint which articulates with the trochlear notch on the ulna in the forearm.

Head of Humerous

The upper or proximal extremity of the humerus consists of the bone's large rounded part.

Supraspinous Fossa

This fossa is the ditch-like concavity above the spine of the scapula. This comprises approximately the upper third of the dorsal surface of the scapula. Filling its concave surface is the supraspinatus muscle. This surface communicates with the infraspinous fossa through the spinoglenoid notch.

Bicipital Groove (Intertubercular Sulcus)

This groove, as its name suggests, runs between the greater and lesser tubercles at the proximal end of the humerus. Coursing through the groove is the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle with an accompanying tendon sheath. The latissimus dorsi muscle attaches to the distal extension of the groove.

Acromion (Acromion Process)

A bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint.

Deltoid Tuberosity

A bump on the outside of the humerous where the deltoid muscle attaches.

Hamate

A carpal bone situated on the lower outside edge of the hand. It has a hook-shaped projection on the palmar side to which muscles of the little finger are attached.

Surgical Neck

A constriction below the tubercles of the greater tubercle and lesser tubercl

Lunate (Semilunar)

A crescent-shaped carpal bone situated in the center of the wrist and articulating with the radius.

Anatomical Neck

A groove separating the head of the humerus from the tuberosities, giving attachment to the articular capsule.

Coronoid Fossa

A hollow on the anterior surface of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the coronoid process of the ulna rests when the elbow is flexed.

Olecranon Fossa

A hollow on the dorsum of the distal end of the humerus, just above the trochlea, in which the olecranon process of the ulna rests when the elbow is extended.

Semilunar Notch (Trochlear Notch)

A large depression in the upper extremity of the ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus (the bone directly above the ulna in the arm) as part of the elbow joint. It is formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process.

Radial Notch

A narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the circumferential articular surface of the head of the radius.

Olecranon Process

A process of the ulna that forms the outer bump of the elbow and fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the arm is extended.

Coronoid Process

A projection from the front of the ulna forming part of the articulation of the elbow.

Styloid Process of Radius

A projection of bone on the lateral surface of the distal radius bone.

Spine

A prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa.

Glenoid Cavity (Glenoid Fossa)

A shallow depression on a bone into which another bone fits to form a joint, especially that on the scapula into which the head of the humerus fits.

Radial Fossa

A shallow depression on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus, superior to the capitulum of the humerus and lateral to the coronoid fossa, in which the margin of the head of the radius rests when the elbow is in extreme flexion.

Trapezoid

A small carpal bone in the base of the hand, articulating with the metacarpal of the index finger.

Coracoid Process

A small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula. Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint.

Pisiform

A small rounded carpal bone situated where the palm of the hand meets the outer edge of the wrist. (Bump at bottom of pinky finger)

Lateral Epicondyle

A small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the supinator and some of the extensor muscles.

Radius

One of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size.

Radius Right or Left?

Orient the bone with the round head UP and the distal end DOWN -look at "bumps" at the distal end -look for the styloid process at the distal end -if it is on the right side - it is a right radius

Clavicle Right or Left?

Point the flat sternal end toward the midline -the clavicle bulges OUT then IN -the conoid tubercle must point DOWN

Head of Ulna

Presents an articular surface, part of which, of an oval or semilunar form, is directed downward, and articulates with the upper surface of the triangular articular disk which separates it from the wrist-joint.

Scapula

Shoulder blade.

Carpals

The 8 small bones that make up the wrist.

Ulnar Notch

The articular surface for the ulna; it is in the distal radius, and is narrow, concave, smooth, and articulates with the head of the ulna forming the distal radioulnar joint.

Trapezium

The bone just beneath Metacarpal I

Humerous

The bone of the upper arm or forelimb, forming joints at the shoulder and the elbow.

Middle Phalanx II

The bones located in the fingers. Each intermediate phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx.

Middle Phalanx III

The bones located in the fingers. Each intermediate phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx.

Middle Phalanx IV

The bones located in the fingers. Each intermediate phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx.

Middle Phalanx V

The bones located in the fingers. Each intermediate phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx.

Proximal Phalanx I

The bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals.

Proximal Phalanx II

The bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals.

Proximal Phalanx III

The bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals.

Proximal Phalanx IV

The bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals.

Proximal Phalanx V

The bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals.

Subscapular Fossa

The concave depression("fossa" = "shallow depression") located on the anterior = costal surface of the scapula bone only.

Capitulum

The distal end of the humerus presents a small, dome-like articular surfaceIt is a little less than hemispherical with the articular surface projecting anterior and inferior. It articulates with the head of the radius.

Sternal End

The enlarged medial end of the clavicle that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

Distal Phalanx I

The fingertips, very distal or furthest bone away from the hand.

Distal Phalanx II

The fingertips, very distal or furthest bone away from the hand.

Distal Phalanx III

The fingertips, very distal or furthest bone away from the hand.

Distal Phalanx IV

The fingertips, very distal or furthest bone away from the hand.

Distal Phalanx V

The fingertips, very distal or furthest bone away from the hand.

Acromial End

The flattened lateral end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion and is anchored to the coracoid process.

Infraspinous Fossa

The hollow on the dorsal aspect of the scapula inferior to the spine, giving attachment chiefly to the infraspinatus muscle. TRIANGULAR in shape.

Capitate

The largest of the carpal bones, situated at the base of the palm of the hand and articulating with the third metacarpal.

Metacarpal I

The long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the "metacarpus."

Medial Epicondyle

This is the medial nonarticular process of the knuckle-like distal end of the humerus. It forms a prominent projection from the distal border of the medial supracondylar ridge. Its posterior surface forms a shallow groove for the ulnar nerve (this is the nerve, that when bumped, is referred to as "hitting the funny bone"), while its anterior aspect serves as the muscle attachment site for the superficial flexor muscles of the anterior antebrachium. It is subcutaneous in position and easily palpable