Skull

Anterior palatine foramen

- 1 of these - located on anterior of the hard palate just posterior to the central incisors

Facial bones

- 13 facial bones - only 1 facial bone is single (vomer)

Infraorbital foramina

- 2 of these - located on front of face under each eye orbit - nerves and blood vessels emerge from these foramina to supply the nose

Mandibular angle

- 2 protuberances formed by body and rami of the mandible - provides attachment for muscles

Rami of the mandible

- 2 rami - vertical portion

at what age do the fontanelles complete ossification?

- 2 years old

How many portions does the mandible consist of?

- 3 portions (body and rami)

Maxilla foramina

- 3 significant foramina (2 infraorbital foramina, 1 anterior palatine foramen)

howe many fontanelles are there?

- 6 fontanelles

What is the sagittal suture formed by? (ON EXAM)

- RIGHT and LEFT parietal bones meet on the midline of the skull to form the SAGITTAL SUTURE

Frontal bone location

- anterior and superior portion of the skull

What portion of the cranium does the ethmoid bone close?

- anterior portion

fetal skull

- at birth the fetal skull is incompletely ossified

sagittal fontanelle

- between the anterior and posterior fontanelle

What is the coronal suture formed by? (ON EXAM)

- between the parietal and frontal bone (FRONT and BACK) is the CORONAL SUTURE

Nasal bones

- bridge of the nose - 2 thin rectangular bones

Paranasal sinuses

- cavities in bones of the skull - reduces the weight off the skull WITHOUT weakening it - lined with mucus membranes - named by which region they sit in (bones)

What does the greater wing of sphenoid create?

- creates the posterior wall of the orbit

Inferior nasal concha

- curved bones that attach to the walls of the nasal fossa/cavity - situated beneath the superior and middle nasal conchae

Temporal bone- mandibular fossa

- depression on the temporal bone is called the MANDIBULAR FOSSA (this is where the mandibular eminence articulates with the skull)

anterior fontalle

- diamond shape

Perpendicular plate

- downward extending portion of the ethmoid bone

Temporal bone- external acoustic meatus (EAM)

- ear canal - located inferior/bottom on the temporal bone

Sphenoid bone location

- extends from one side of the skull to the other - contains the greater wing of the sphenoid

coronal fontanelle

- extends from the anterior to the anterolateral fontanelle of each side

what is an unossified membranous area called?

- fontanelles (soft spots)

Occipital bone- inferior surface

- foramen magnum (surrounds the brain stem; on each side of the foramen magnum is a pair of occipital condyles)

Symphysis of mandible

- formed by 2 halves of the mandible being completely fused together in the middle

What does the ethmoid bone help form?

- forms part of the roof of the nasal cavity

What does the frontal bone form?

- forms the eyebrow ridges and ridge right above nose - inferior edge of the frontal bone helps form the orbital plates

Anterior clinoid process of the sphenoid bone

- has 2 spine-like processes (anterior and lateral) that project backwards

How many processes does the temporal bone have?

- has 3 significant processes (zygomatic, styloid, and mastoid)

Body of the mandible

- horizontal portion - chin area - 1 body

What makes up the Sella Turcica?

- hypophyseal fossa, dorsum sellae, and anterior & posterior clinoid processes

Temporal bone location

- inferior to the parietal bones on bilateral sides of the skull

What is on each side of the perpendicular plate?

- irregular curved plates called superior and middle nasal conchae - these provide reinforcement of the upper nasal conchae

posterolateral fontanelle

- lies at the junction of the parietal, temporal, and occipital bones

squamosal fontanelle

- lies between the parietal and temporal bones

Parietal bone location

- lies directly posterior to frontal bone - on bilateral sides of the skull

posterior fontanelle

- lies on median line at the junction of the parietal bone and occipital bone

Frontal sinus

- located above the eyes in the forehead

Optic foramina

- located anterior to the sella turcica - lead into a pair of canals called optic canals - optic nerves feed through these canals from the eyes to the brain

Lacrimal bone

- located between the ethmoid and upper portion of the maxillary bone - 1 on each orbit

Ethmoid sinus (Air cells)

- located between the front and sphenoid sinus

Mandibular notch

- located between-condyle and the coronoid process of the mandible

Zygomatic bone

- located bilaterally on the face - form the prominence of each cheek and inferior, lateral surface of the orbit - contains a small zygomaticofacial foramen

Maxillary sinus

- located in the maxillary bone (cheek) - largest of the sinuses

mental foramina of the mandible

- located on the exterior surface of the mandibular body - there is 1 on each side - nerves and blood vessels come out of this

Ethmoid bone location

- located on the medial surface of each orbit

anterolateral fontanelle

- located where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones come together

Zygomatic process

- long, slender process that extends forward and anterior to EAM

Skull

- made up of 8 bones -each bone is locked together by a suture

Sphenoid sinus

- most posterior sinus

Where does the perpendicular plate articulate anteriorly?

- nasal and frontal bones

Mandible

- only bone of the skull that is NOT fused to the skull (only fused to itself)

What gland does the hypophyseal fossa contain?

- pituitary gland

Occipital bone location

- posterior and inferior portion of the skull

Dorsum sellae

- posterior to the hypophyseal fossa

Mastoid process

- rounded eminence on the inferior surface of the temporal bone just posterior to the styloid process - provides anchorage for the sternocleidomastoid muscle of the neck

Mandibular condyle

- rounded protuberance on the back of the mandible - moves when you open/close your mouth - articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Crista Galli

- serves as an attachment point for the falx cerebri

Styloid process

- slender, spine-like process that extends downward from the bottom of the temporal bone to forma point of attachment for muscles of the tongue and pharyngeal region

Where does the perpendicular plate articulate posteriorly?

- sphenoid bones and vomer

What is the squamosal suture formed by? (ON EXAM)

- temporal bone is joined to the parietal bone creating the SQUAMOSAL SUTURE

What does the ethmoid bone contain?

- the cribriform plate - holes in the cribriform plate allow branches of the olfactory nerves to pass through

What is the medial line of the sphenoid bone called?

- the depression is called the HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA

What suture is formed by the connection of the parietal bones and occipital bones?

- the lambdoidal suture

Palatine bones

- there are 2 palatine bones - these help make up the hard palate - they have a greater palatine foramen and 2 lesser palatine foramina - helps make up 1/3 of the palate

Vomer

- thin bone located in the nasal cavity

Maxilla bone

- upper jaw - joined by a suture on the medial line

What are the 8 skull bones?

1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid, and 1 occipital

How many adult teeth can the maxilla support?

16

Cranium

portion of the skull that encases the brain