SM 2200 Test 3
Olympism
"Way of life based on the joy of effort and mutual respect" (Coubertin)
What was the controversy with the 1988 Gold medal game involving the U.S.?
$3M spent to equip the Doping Control Center (Canadian Ben Johnson doped and lost gold medal to Carl Lewis)
Know key happenings of the Games 1896-1936.
-1st Olympiad: Athens - 2 years to prepare, Athens won most medals -2nd Olympiad: Paris, 1900 - females made first appearance, tug-of-war -3rd Olympiad: St. Louis, 1904 - primarily American event, first and only American football event (Canada beat U.S.), carnival-like, boxing and freestyle wrestling made first appearance -4th Olympiad: London, 1908 - originally awarded to Rome but Mt Vesuvius erupted so London stepped up, political turmoil and nationalism -5th Olympiad: Stockholm 1912 - women's swimming, equestrian, modern pentathlon added, James Sullivan assembled U.S. team -Games postponed due to WWI 1916 summer games Berlin, Germany -7th Olympiad: Antwerp, 1920 - awarded to Belgium for those who suffered in WWI; Olympic traditions: athletes took oath and 5 ring flag unveiled (every flag had at least one color; rings symbolized the linking of athletes from around the world -Alice Milliat of France est FFSI (Federation Feminine Sportive Internationale) to promote sport for women; organized 1st women's Olympic Games in 1922; 5 event program for women in 1928 games -8th Olympiad: Paris, 1924 - First Winter Olympic Games took place in same year (American Edward Eagan is first to win a gold medal at both Games in boxing & bobsled); fights in stands -9th Olympiad: Amsterdam, 1928 - financing problems; failed lottery attempt; first publicly financed Olympics, field hockey played for first time, women's T&F played for first time, more countries competed than ever before -10th Olympiad: Los Angeles, 1932 - most lavish athletic festival, LA Coliseum held over 100,000 spectators, Babe Diedrickson dominated T&F -Third Winter Olympics: Lake Placid, NY, 1932 - first winter Olympics held in U.S., dogsled -11th Olympiad: Berlin, 1936 - most complete sporting facility, torch run, American athletes threatened to boycott, American Jesse Owens was king
Baron Pierre de Coubertin
-Dedicated his life to educational reform -Focused on improving French pedagogy and revitalize the youth of France -Games were a means to this end -International travels influenced his plan -Promoted athletics throughout France and gained control over amateur sport
What social protests occurred in the Sydney Games?
-Mistreatment of Aboriginal population (prior to the opening ceremony) -Corporate Sponsorship protest- displeasure over free trade
How did Coubertin convince the world the Athens Olympiad was legitimate?
-NY Athletic Club did not think Games were legitimate; Boston AA sent athletes along with Princeton U. -William Sloan of Princeton trained -American team American James Connolly won the first Olympic medal in triple jump
What scandals existed with the Salt Lake Games?
-U.S. caught bribing IOC members to get the Games years ago -Judging scandal in pairs skating (Canadians got gold in the end) -3 big-name athletes tested positive for PED's
What was the East vs. West when dealing with the global situation?
-West Germany formation; East vs. West mentality -Britain evacuated Palestine which led to a new state (Israel) and added tension -Fear of communism
Dream Team (U.S.)
-had $100 in salaries -First time we sent Professional players -Never called a time out throughout tournament -Won by wide margins
James Sullivan
-him and Pres. Roosevelt let IOC know of desire to change location -AAU Commish James Sullivan assembled US team; held trials for first time to ensure best athletes; decided not to sent women swimmers; Jim Thorpe: "world's greatest Olympic athlete"
Why was the 1948 Games notable?
-more women competed than ever (390) -Americans got first place in every swimming/diving event
How did St. Louis win the host city?
-politics won over -St. Louis wanted Games along with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition -James Sullivan and Pres. Roosevelt let IOC know of desire to change location -IOC voted 14-2 to move the Games -Coubertin refused to attend
How did the first Olympic Games come about?
1. Athletes from all over the world (representing all colors, races, political beliefs, etc.) 2. Athletes can travel to other countries and establish communication with fellow athletes (cultural diversity) 3. Physical and mental test against the best athletes 4. Fair play modeled for youth 5. Ideals of world peace and cooperation
What Games were first held in the Southern Hemisphere?
16th Olympiad, Melbourne, 1952
Wenlock Olympic Games
1850 - organization that promoted moral, physical, and intellectual development of residents
IOC
1894- Organized the International Congress of Paris for the study and propagation of the principles of amateurism
Which city staged a dry run of the Olympics to make sure it went off well?
18th: Tokyo, 1964; $2 billion spent on Games
Which Games were located 7500 feet above sea level? What tragic events occurred at the 1968 and 72 Games?
19th: Mexico City - 1968 - 6 days of rioting, 150,000 students rioted, Carlos & Smith staged Black Power: wanted athletes to boycott Games 1972 - 20th: Munich -
What Games did the USOC not have enough money to send athletes?
22nd Olympiad: Moscow, 1980
When did amateurism vanish and countries give huge sums of money to their athletes if they won medals?
24th Olympiad: Seoul, 1988
Which country did not allow any professional sports so they could focus their resources on amateur sports?
24th: Seoul, 1988
Who had the first smoke free Games and when did Olympics open doors for U.S. professional athletes?
25th: Barcelona, 1992
What Olympics did women first compete?
2nd Olympiad: Paris, 1900 - tennis and croquet
When did the U.S. host the Games for the first time?
3rd Olympiad: St. Louis, 1904 (carnival-like atmosphere)
Where was the first Olympiad?
Athens (economic downfall occurred after)
What nation led the medal count?
Athens with 26 medals
Who created the modern olympic games?
Baron de Coubertin
What year did beach volleyball and mountain biking make their debut as an official Olympic sport?
Centennial Olympiad: Atlanta, 1996
What was the purpose of allowing countries at war to compete in the Olympic Games?
Distraction; brought athletes together
Which country wanted to win as many medals as possible and demonstrate the Kremlin's system of mass approach to athletics was superior to all others?
During "Cold War of Sports," Russia and U.S. battle to prove superiority through medals; US-41; Russia-23 (15th: Helsinki - U.S. was $500,000 short and Bob Hope and Bing Crosby came to the rescue and raised over $1M in an Olympic telethon)
George Poage
First African American to win an Olympic medal
What were the downfalls of the St. Louis Games?
Games were primarily American event (Only 12 countries competed)
Who represented the U.S?
James Connolly won first Olympic medal in triple jump
What US city hosted the first Winter Olympics?
Lake Placid, NY
Why did Coubertin move the next Olympic Games away from Athens?
Paris already obtain the right to organize the 1900 Olympic games
Why did NBC tape-delay the Olympics?
Terrorist Threats- 12 a day ranging from bomb scares to extortion; potential plot to blow up nuclear reactor
William Penny Brookes
father of British physical educaion
What athletes were recognized at the first Games and what did they receive?
first and second place finishers; first place received a silver medal, crown of olives, and a diploma, second place received bronze medal, crown of laurel, and a diploma
What events existed in the first modern day Olympics?
gymnastics, shooting, weightlifting, wrestling, swimming, fencing, cycling, and track and field
Zappas family
helped revive Olympic Games in Greece with William Brookes
What was the initial concept of the Olympic Games?
international athletic festival designed to act as a social force
Why were South Africa and Rhodesia denied access to the Olympic Games until the 1990's?
social policy of apartheid