smartbook 10
which of the following correctly depicts the symbol and units for frequency?
Hz ; v
in order for a current to flow in a photoelectric cell, a photon of light must be ________ by an electron in the metal. for this to occur the _______ of the photon must be equal to or greater than the energy needed to remove the electron from its energy state. it is the _______ of the light that is important, not its intensity
absorbed ; energy ; frequency
the speed of a wave is determined by multiplying the _____ of the wave by its wavelength. in a vacuum all electromagnetic radiation travels at a constant speed, the speed of ______.
frequency ; light
when describing orbitals, a node ________
is a region of zero electron density AND occurs when y2 is equal to zero
according to the Bohr model for the hydrogen atom, the energy of the atom is not continuous but has certain discrete energy ______, each of which is related to a fixed circular ______ of the electron around the nucleus. the farther the electron is from the nucleus, the ______ the energy of the system
levels ; orbit ; higher
the magnetic quantum number has the symbol m1 and this value indicates the ______ of an orbital in space. the m1 value is dictated by the value of _____
orientation ; l
the magnetic quantum number m1 indicates the :
orientation of an orbital in space
describe the limitations of the Bohr model of the atom
the Bohr model cannot account for the behavior of multielectron species
why is the Bohr model unable to predict atomic line spectra for atoms other than hydrogen?
the Bohr model does not take into account electron-electron repulsions in multielectron systems
define the amplitude of a wave
the height of each crest or depth of each trough
the shape of the orbital is related to the value of :
the quantum number l
the relative size of the orbital is related to the value of :
the quantum number n
in the quantum mechanical model of the atom, an electron is viewed as a wave particle that occupies a 3D space near the nucleus. the movement of the electron is describe by a ______ function, which is also called an atomic ________
wave ; orbital
the distance a wave travels during one cycle is called its _______. this usually measured as the distance between two ______ or two troughs
wavelength ; crests
which of the following statements correctly describe the electromagnetic spectrum? select all that apply -all waves in the spectrum travel at the same speed in a vacuum -all electromagnetic radiation has the same wavelength -radiation with a long wavelength has a high frequency -the color of visible light is related to its frequency
-all waves in the spectrum travel at the same speed in a vacuum -the color of visible light is related to its frequency
which of the following statements correctly describe atomic d orbitals?
-d orbitals always occur in groups of 5 -d orbitals are only possible for n > or equal 3
which of the following statements correctly describe the atom in terms of quantum mechanics?
-each electron occupies a 3D space near the nucleus. this space is described by a wave function -the movement of each electron in the atom can be described by a wave function -electrons exhibit behavior of both waves and particles
which of the following statements correctly describe wave particle duality? -photons are rare particles that exhibit only wavelength behavior -matter and energy are different forms of the same entity -energy and mass can be interconverted -only small particles like electrons exhibit wavelike motion -all matter exhibits wavelength motion
-matter and energy are different forms of the same entity -energy and mass can be interconverted -all matter exhibits wavelength motion
which of the following statements correctly describe a photon?
-matter cannot absorb or emit a fraction of a photon -a photon is a particle of electromagnetic radiation
which of the following statements correctly describe the principal quantum number, n? select all that apply -n can have any positive whole number number -the value of n determines the shape of an orbital -the value of n are restricted by the value of l -the higher the value of n, the lower the energy value -the lower the value of n, the greater the probability that the electron is closer to the nucleus
-n can have any positive whole number number -the lower the value of n, the greater the probability that the electron is closer to the nucleus
which of the following statements correctly describe the angular momentum quantum number, l?
-the allowed values of l are determined by the value of n -the number of possible l values equals the value of n -the value of l dictates the allowed values of m1
which of the following statements correctly describes how energy is absorbed by an atom? -the energy of the absorbed radiation must be greater than the differences between the two energy states of the atom -the energy of the absorbed radiation must match the the difference between the two energy states of the atom -the atom will keep absorbing more energy until the total amount absorbed equals the energy difference between the two energy states in the atom
-the energy of the absorbed radiation must match the the difference between the two energy states of the atom
which of the following statements correctly describe the de Broglie wavelength for a particle?
-the larger the mass of the particle the smaller its wavelength -wave behavior is most obvious for very small particles -the smaller the object, the closer the wavelength is to the size of the object
electrons, like all other matter, exhibit the dual behavior of both _______ and waves. since electrons travel like waves their energy is restricted to certain energy _______, each of which is associated with a specific wavelength
particles ; levels
the phenomenon where an electric current is produced by shining a light on a metal plate is called the ______ effect. the minimum frequency required to cause a current to flow is called the ______ frequency. this frequency depends on the identity of the metal used
photoelectric ; threshold
when a wave moves from medium into another at an angle other then 90 degrees the wave will change direction and continue to follow a new straight line path. this is known as _________, and is responsible for the ________ of white light into its component colors when it passes through a prism
refraction ; separation
an orbital with l = 0 is called a(n) ______ type orbital and has a(n) ____ shape. there is always a total of _____ orbital(s) of this type for each principal energy level
s ; spherical ; 1
which of the following statements correctly describe the photoelectric effect? select all that apply -the threshold frequency differs for different metals used in the photoelectric cell -light of any frequency will cause a current to flow providing enough time is given -light that has a frequency greater then the threshold frequency will not cause a current to flow -current begins to flow immediately when light of the correct frequency shines on the metal plate
-the threshold frequency differs for different metals used in the photoelectric cell -current begins to flow immediately when light of the correct frequency shines on the metal plate
which of the following statements correctly describe the limitations of the Rutherford model of the atom?
-this model could not explain observed atomic line spectra -this model could not explain why electrons did not emit energy continuously
place the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing wavelengths (shortest at the top and longest at the bottom) -visible light -x ray -UV radiation -radiowave -IR radiation
1. x ray 2. UV radiation 3. visible light 4. IR radiation 5. radiowaves
a p orbital has ____ regions or lobes of high electron probability, on either side of the nucleus. this gives the orbital a dumbbell shape with a(n) _____ or region of zero electron density at the nucleus
2 ; node
which of the following sets of quantum numbers are allowed?
2, 1, -1 1, 0, 0
for a principal quantum number n=3, what values of the angular momentum quantum number l are allowed?
2, 1, 0
calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a subatomic particle that is moving at 351 km/s, if its mass is 9.11 x 10^-31 kg lamda = h/mu and h=6.626 x 10^-34 kg x m2/s
2.07 nm
which of the following correctly expresses energy in terms of Planck's constant?
E = hv E = hv / lamda
define an atomic orbital in the terms of the quantum mechanical model of an atom?
a mathematical function that describes the position of the electron wave in three dimensions
any two waves that meet as they travel through the same medium will interact. if the two waves are in phase their crests will coincide and they will experience ______ interference, producing a wave with a(n)_____ amplitude
constructive ; increased
using the Schrodinger wave equation we can determine the probability of finding an electron in a particular region of the atom. the electron probability density ______ with distance from the nucleus, meaning that the farther one gets from the nucleus the ____ likely it is to find an electron
decreases ; less
The apparent bending of a wave around the edge of an object is called_____. If a wave passes through a slit that has a width of the same order of magnitude as its______ it will bend around both edges of the slit to give a semicircular wave.
diffraction ; wavelength
visible light and radio waves are both examples of ________ radiation, which has a dual nature, processing the properties of both ______ and waves
electromagnetic ; matter
in Bohr's model of the atom, the quantum number n is associated with the _____ of an electron orbit. the lower the n value, the _______ the electron is to/from the nucleus and the ______ the energy level
energy ; closer ; lower
a central concept in quantum mechanics is that both matter and _____ are alternate forms of the same entity and therefore both exhibit dual characteristics of particles and of ______. this model allows a better understanding of the behavior of tiny particles such as electrons
energy ; waves
electromagnetic radiation consists of particles called _______, each of which has a discrete amount, or quantum, of energy. however, since electromagnetic radiation also has wave properties, each particle is also characterized by a specific ______ and frequency
photons ; wavelength
electromagnetic radiation consists of particles called ______, which exhibit both ______ and particle behavior. the greater the momentum of a photon, the _____ its wavelength
photons ; wavelike ; shorter
Heisenburg's uncertainty principle states that is is not possible to know the exact momentum and _______ of a particle simultaneously. in terms of atomic structure, this means that we cannot determine fixed ______ for electrons but can only determine the _________ of finding an electron in a given region of space
position ; orbital ; probability
the principal quantum number n indicates the :
principal energy level
Energy is not continuous, but is quanitized or divided into "packets" each of which contains a definite amount of energy. An energy "packet" is called a(n) _____ and the energy of each "packet" is directly proportional to its_____.
quantum ; frequency
the angular momentum quantum number l indicates the :
sublevel of the orbital
why does each element have its own unique atomic line spectrum?
the lines in the spectrum correspond to the differences between the specific energy states in the atom
define the ground state of an atom
the lowest energy state of an atom, where all electrons are in the lowest energy levels possible
