Smartbook 7 - Nutrition

Low-calorie diets usually limit daily calorie intake to less than:

1200 kcal

True or false: Lifting weights can decrease a person's BMR.

False

True or false: Upper-body obesity is associated with a decreased risk for hypertension and diabetes.

False

How is the thermic effect of foods similar to a sales tax?

It is like being charged 8-15% of total calories to cover the cost of processing foods

Which of the following medications is currently approved by the FDA for weight loss?

Orlistat

What type of calorimetry predicts energy needs by measuring the amount of heat released by a person?

direct

The best way to ensure that extra calorie intake will support gains in lean mass rather than fat mass is to:

engage in strength training

There are about 3500 kcal in one pound of:

fat

The benefit of strength training is that the increased muscle mass will:

increase metabolism

The energy equation is energy _______ equals energy _________

input, output

Fat released directly from abdominal adipose tissue is transported directly to the:

liver

A person who is consciously aware of the entire eating experience is practicing ______ eating.

mindful

A behavioral strategy that involves becoming aware of and enjoying the entire eating experience - from the origins of the food to the effects it has on the body - is called: Multiple choice question.

mindful eating

Hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia are all diseases negatively affected by:

obesity

The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the ______ approach.

plant-based, high-fiber, nutrient-dense

A successful weight loss program should have a behavior program for ______ in place so a person can steer themselves back on track after lapses.

relapse prevention

Foods that are high in fiber and water promote:

satiety

The theory of weight management that humans have a predetermined body weight or body fat level which is difficult to alter is called the ________ theory.

set-point

Which factor decreases basal metabolism?

very low calorie intake

Choose the variables that are used in formulas that estimate energy requirements.

weight height physical activity age

What are some of the worst aspects of fad diets?

- They are not designed for a permanent weight loss. - The food selection is so limited that the diet is difficult to follow over time. - They essentially guarantee failure.

Which of the following are true statements about fad diets?

- They leave out entire food groups that can lead to nutrient deficiencies. - They promote weight cycling.

Choose strategies to keep hunger under control.

- choose snacks with lean protein - drink water - choose a small, high-fiber snack

Unreliable fad diets often:

- claim there is no need for regular physical activity. - are critical of the scientific community. - limit food selections to specific foods and food groups

A diet plan promoted in a fashion magazine states, "Eat all you want and lose 10 pounds in 2 weeks." This statement does NOT agree with sound weight loss recommendations, such as:

- control problem eating behaviors - set a goal of one pound weight loss per week.

Improved diet quality is achieved by:

- drinking low-calorie beverages - choosing nutrient-dense foods - emphasizing plant-based foods

Choose the factors that are considered when deciding if a patient is a good candidate for bariatric surgery.

- nutrition and weight history - medical condition - age - motivation - psychological status

How does an RDN provide support for someone who is trying to lose weight?

- providing accountability - helping with navigating difficult situations

Choose the characteristics that accurately describe body mass index.

- related to disease risk - most widely used weight-for-height standard - noninvasive clinical measurement

What does successful weight loss maintenance include?

- requires a long-term commitment - emphasis on healthy, active living over a person's lifetime

Which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day

1. basal metabolism 2. thermic effect of food 3. physical activity

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is ______ basal metabolic rate (BMR)

higher than

Identify the health risks that are caused by fat storage in abdominal adipose cells.

- Increases inflammation - Negatively affects lipoprotein metabolism - Increases insulin resistance

Choose examples of healthy social support that can make weight management easier.

- Joining a group with similar weight loss goals - Friends praising you for you accomplishment - An RDN reminding you to record your food intake

Which of the following are characteristics of an unreliable fad diet?

- Lacks scientific support Promotes quick weight loss Recommends the use of expensive supplements

Select the true statements concerning body weight in U.S. adults.

- Prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a healthy body weight - Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers risk for developing type 2 diabetes - Almost 75% of adults are overweight.

Which of the following are characteristics of unreliable fad diets?

- Recommends expensive supplements and meal replacements - Presents the diet as a cure-all - Critical and skeptical about the scientific community

Choose examples of ways a person can add NEAT to their daily routine to increase physical activity.

- Standing at a workstation rather than sitting for long periods of time - Use stairs instead of taking the elevator

Fad diets often promote rapid weight loss, which is harmful because weight loss during the first few weeks of a diet program is attributed to:

- fluid loss - lean muscle mass loss

Other considerations for bariatric surgery in addition to patient selection criteria that include:

- follow-up surgery may be needed to correct stretched skin. - surgical expenses might not be covered by medical insurance. - it will be necessary to plan small, frequent meals after surgery.

Environmental factors that may promote obesity include:

- lack of safe outdoor recreation facilities. - stressful work conditions. - abundance of fast food establishments.

Which procedure inserts a pencil-thin tube that removes fat tissue from specific areas of the body?

- limited food selection. - loss of lean tissue. - unchanged habits.

Choose the characteristics of a person who is more likely to be overweight in North America.

- low socioeconomic status - has inadequate access to health care

Females have a higher body fat percentage than males to:

- maintain reproductive functions - sustain estrogen production

A sound weight-loss plan will include a dietary pattern that:

- meets nutrient needs with nutrient-dense options - uses a healthy food guide (e.g., MyPlate) as a pattern for food choices - includes common foods with no food being magical or special

What does successful weight loss maintenance include?

- requires a long-term commitment [- emphasis on healthy, active living over a person's lifetime

Choose the possible causes of being underweight.

- slight body frame - high resting metabolic rate

Choose the characteristics of abdominal adipose cells.

- storage depots - release many hormones and other cellular signals involved in long-term energy regulation - when filled with fat, the adipose cells become dysfunctional

The calories that the body uses to digest food, absorb nutrients, and metabolize nutrients is called:

- the thermic effect of food (TEF) - diet-induced thermogenesis

During the measurement of bioelectric impedance, greater adipose stores are associated with lower resistance to electrical flow.

- weight in pounds multiplied by 703, and divided by the square of the height in inches - weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters

What are factors that research studies have shown are contributing to the increasing obesity rates in the U.S.?

- widespread availability of energy-dense foods - advancements in energy-dense food processing - persuasive marketing

How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism?

15-30%

Participating in a regular program of strength training will increase the body's:

BMR

Which of the following techniques estimates body fat content by measuring the resistance to an electrical current that passes through the body?

Bioelectic impedance analysis

What is weight bias?

Negative attitudes and beliefs about individuals based on their weight status

True or false: Beyond the physiological effects of excess body fat on health, weight bias may contribute to poor health outcomes for individuals with overweight or obesity.

True

Underwater weighing (hydrostatic weighing) is an ______ way to evaluate body composition.

accurate

A person who undergoes lipectomy to reduce body weight will have ______ surgically removed.

adipose tissue

The amount and location of ______ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.

adipose tissue

The method used to estimate total body fat that uses a low-energy electrical current is known as:

bioelectrical impedance

The set point theory states that changes in energy metabolism and appetite work to maintain a steady ______ throughout adulthood.

body weight

A(n) ______ is the instrument used to determine the calorie content of a food.

bomb calorimeter

Positive energy balance occurs when energy input is ________ energy output.

greater than

What does direct calorimetry measure?

heat

A person who uses the concept of energy density to limit calorie intake should choose more ______ foods.

high nutrient-dense

The method of estimating total body fat by weighing someone on a standard scale and then weighing them submerged in water is known as:

hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing).

What organ monitors the amount of body fat in humans and tries to keep the body fat constant over time?

hypothalamus

Which of the following is a reliable treatment for obesity?

incorporating positive behavior changes

Treatment for overweight and obesity should involve healthy, active living with acceptable diet modifications that will promote weight ______ and later, weight ______.

loss; maintenance

What type of weight loss diet is designed to reduce the risk of heart disease and obesity?

low-fat diet

The theory of weight management that humans have a predetermined body weight or body fat level which is difficult to alter is called the _____theory.

set-point

What is an effective way to raise the overall metabolic rate?

strength training

What is one of the best ways to slow the muscle loss that comes with dieting and aging?

strength training

When a person who follows a fad diet and loses weight begins to return to normal eating,

they will often regain all the lost weight

Bioelectric impedance analysis can be used to determine a person's:

total body fat

True or false: A person's body weight may be contributing to poor health if high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and high cholesterol are present.

true

True or false: The higher body fat percentage in females compared to males is necessary for proper reproductive function.

true

Diets that promote a rapid weight loss, limit food selections, and are critical of the scientific community are considered

unreliable fat diets