SME Pharmacology

A school age client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The client's parent asks the nurse "What is the best way to store my child's insulin?" Which is the nurse's most appropriate response? 1. "Freeze unopened vials to prolong shelf life." 2. "Keep all insulin vials in the refrigerator except when they are in use." 3. "Make sure to keep all unopened insulin vials in a warm, dark place." 4. "Keep opened insulin vials at room temperature for up to 28 days."

"Keep opened insulin vials at room temperature for up to 28 days."

The nurse instructs a client how to increase folic acid in the diet. The nurse determines teaching is effective if the client makes which statement? 1. "I like oatmeal for breakfast." 2. "My favorite lunch is a spinach salad." 3. "I will eat more grapes, apples, and bananas each day." 4. "I will eat more chicken."

"My favorite lunch is a spinach salad."

The health care provider prescribes captopril for a client diagnosed with hypertension. Before administering the first dose, it is most important for the nurse to make which statement? 1. "Remain in bed for the first three hours after taking the first dose of medication." 2. "You may experience a loss of taste." 3. "You may experience some hair loss." 4. "You should increase your intake of fresh vegetables, fruit, and whole grains."

"Remain in bed for the first three hours after taking the first dose of medication."

The health care provider prescribes a clonidine patch for a client with a blood pressure that continues to be regularly above 160/100 mm Hg. Which statement is most important for the nurse to include in the teaching? 1. "You can apply the patch to any area of your body that you can easily reach." 2. "Rotate the sites you apply the patch to, avoiding scarred or irritated areas." 3. "Avoid milk and other dairy foods, due to their high calcium content." 4. "You can continue to drink alcohol, but you should not smoke cigarettes."

"Rotate the sites you apply the patch to, avoiding scarred or irritated areas."

The nurse identifies folic acid is prescribed for which conditions? Select all that apply. 1. Pregnancy. 2. Alcoholism. 3. Parkinson's disease. 4. Liver disease. 5. Type 1 diabetes. 6. Pernicious anemia.

-Pregnancy -Alcoholism -Liver disease

The nurse teaches a client diagnosed with tuberculosis. The nurse explains which as the cause for tuberculosis? 1. A virus. 2. Poor sanitation. 3. Poor nutrition 4. A bacterium.

A bacterium.

Aspirin is prescribed for a client. The nurse administers this medication with which liquid? 1. A glass of milk. 2. A glass of orange juice. 3. A glass of diet soda. 4. A small amount of wate

A glass of milk.

The nurse cares for a client beginning intermittent heparin therapy. The nurse knows which laboratory test is used to monitor the effectiveness of heparin? 1. Activated partial thromboplastin time. 2. Prothrombin time. 3. Bleeding time. 4. Protein electrophoresis.

Activated partial thromboplastin time.

The nurse cares for a client diagnosed with a fractured right hip. The client's lab values are: Hgb 15 g/dL (150 g/L), Hct 46%, sodium 140 mEq/L, potassium 6.2 mEq/L, and chloride 100 mEq/L. The nurse is most concerned if which finding is observed? 1. A weight gain of 4 lbs in 1 day. 2. An increase in nausea. 3. An increase in muscle irritability. 4. An episode of ventricular fibrillation.

An episode of ventricular fibrillation.

The nurse notices an intravenous infusion is not running. Which action does the nurse take initially? 1. Reposition the client's arm. 2. Assess the site. 3. Raise the solution. 4. Flush the tubing.

Assess the site.

After an aspirin overdose, it is most important for the nurse to assess for which problem? 1. Bleeding. 2. Nausea. 3. Tinnitus. 4. Decreased temperature.

Bleeding.

After 2 weeks of chemotherapy treatments, a client's white blood cell count is 2,000/mm3. The nurse knows this finding is most likely due to which factor? 1. Infection. 2. Bone marrow depression. 3. Weight loss. 4. Polycythemia.

Bone marrow depression.

The nurse knows which finding is the most life-threatening adverse effect of chemotherapy? 1. Alopecia. 2. Bone marrow suppression. 3. Vomiting. 4. Mucositis.

Bone marrow suppression.

A client comes to the community mental health center with symptoms of overwhelming anxiety related to a job loss, an impending move, and a sibling being diagnosed with cancer. The client states "I used to use alcohol to cope, but ever since I've been going to those AA meetings - 2 years now - I have been able to remain sober." The nurse anticipates the health care provider will order which medication for this client? 1. Chlordiazepoxide. 2. Buspirone. 3. Alprazolam. 4. Diazepam

Buspirone.

A client comes to the community mental health center with symptoms of overwhelming anxiety related to a job loss, an impending move, and a sibling being diagnosed with cancer. The client states "I used to use alcohol to cope, but ever since I've been going to those AA meetings - 2 years now - I have been able to remain sober." The nurse anticipates the health care provider will order which medication for this client? 1. Chlordiazepoxide. 2. Buspirone. 3. Alprazolam. 4. Diazepam.

Buspirone.

The home care nurse teaches a client using a metered-dose inhaler. Which method does the nurse teach the client to use to determine when to replace the canister? 1. Place the canister in water to see if it floats. 2. Shake the canister to see how much is remaining. 3. Exchange the canister every 20 days regardless of the number of doses used. 4. Calculate the number of doses used, and compare to the number available.

Calculate the number of doses used, and compare to the number available.

The nurse provides care for a client admitted with a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection. The client tells the nurse of an allergy to penicillin. The nurse is most concerned if which medication is prescribed? 1. Erythromycin. 2. Vancomycin. 3. Clindamycin. 4. Cephalexin.

Cephalexin.

The client diagnosed with schizophrenia is placed on haloperidol 5 mg bid. The nurse observes the client for which symptoms? 1. Constipation and dry mouth. 2. Vomiting and diarrhea. 3. Diuresis and sodium loss. 4. Hypertension and insomnia.

Constipation and dry mouth.

The home care nurse visits a client living in a dependent living facility. The client is receiving risperidone. The nurse notes the client has a shuffling gait and trembles when reaching for reading glasses. The nurse did not notice these behaviors on the previous visit. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. Re-educate the staff about the importance of administering the medication on time. 2. Contact the client's health care provider. 3. Counsel the client about the importance of not mixing medication and alcohol. 4. Document the observation in the client's record

Contact the client's health care provider.

The nurse provides care for a client receiving an oxytocin infusion to induce labor. The nurse stops the infusion if which occurs? 1. Contractions are at 3 minute intervals and last for 55 to 60 seconds. 2. Contractions are at 2 minute intervals and last 90 to 120 seconds. 3. Contractions are at 3 minute intervals and last for 80 to 90 seconds. 4. Contractions are at 2 minute intervals and last 60 to 90 seconds.

Contractions are at 2 minute intervals and last 90 to 120 seconds.

The nurse understands that glucocorticoids provide a source of energy during a stressful situation. Which statement best describes the action of glucocorticoids? 1. Prepare for "flight or flight" mechanism. 2. Regulate calcium metabolism. 3. Convert protein and fat into glucose. 4. Enhance musculoskeletal capacity.

Convert protein and fat into glucose.

A client comes to the cardiac clinic for a medication check reporting symptoms of anorexia, nausea, headache, mild confusion, and blurred vision. The nurse understands these symptoms indicate the client may be experiencing which condition? 1. Cardiac tamponade. 2. Hypokalemia. 3. Myocardial infarction. 4. Digitalis toxicity.

Digitalis toxicity.

The nurse performs the morning assessment of a client, and determines that the intravenous in the client's right arm is infiltrated. Which intervention does the nurse take first? 1. Slows the rate and contacts the health care provider. 2. Removes the dressing covering the site, and gently pulls the needle or catheter back until the infusion begins to drip again. 3. Flushes the tubing with three mL of normal saline. 4. Discontinues the infusion and elevates the affected extremity.

Discontinues the infusion and elevates the affected extremity.

A client is to receive 1000 mL D5W with 40 mEq KCL intravenously to infuse over 10 hours. Two hours later, the client reports pain at the intravenous site. The nurse assesses the arm and notes that it is cool and hard near the intravenous site. Which initial nursing measure does the nurse take? 1. Decreases the flow rate so the medication is less irritating. 2. Discontinues the intravenous infusion and plans to restart it in another site. 3. Explains to the client that this is expected with infusions of KCl. 4. Elevates the affected arm on a pillow and applies a warm compress to decrease discomfort.

Discontinues the intravenous infusion and plans to restart it in another site

The nurse cares for a client with stomatitis due to chemotherapy. Which action is most important for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care? 1. Examine the client's mouth for blisters, sores, or drainage. 2. Encourage the client to use a commercially prepared mouthwash twice daily. 3. Instruct the client to use a soft-bristled toothbrush. 4. Offer mouth care morning and night.

Examine the client's mouth for blisters, sores, or drainage.

The nurse understands which type of insulin has the longest duration of action? 1. Regular. 2. Glargine. 3. Isophane. 4. Lispo

Glargine.

The nurse on the medical unit expects which medication to be administered to the client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is experiencing hyperglycemia? 1. Glucosamine. 2. Glucagon. 3. Glipizide. 4. Insulin glargine.

Glipizide.

A client with full-thickness burns over 30% of the body reports weakness and cramping in the lower extremities. The client also has occasional confusion and an irregular heart rate with palpitations. Which condition do these signs and/or symptoms indicate the client is experiencing? 1. Hypokalemia. 2. Hyperkalemia. 3. Hypocalcemia. 4. Hypercalcemia

Hypokalemia.

The nurse understands that fatigue, weakness, nausea, and vomiting are signs of which problem? 1. Hyponatremia. 2. Hypokalemia. 3. Hypernatremia. 4. Hyperkalemia.

Hypokalemia.

The nurse provide care for a client receiving a blood transfusion. The nurse observes which symptoms if fluid overload occurs during the transfusion? 1. Decreased pulse rate, increased BP, decreased respirations. 2. Increased pulse rate, increased BP, increased respirations. 3. Increased pulse rate, increased BP, decreased respirations. 4. Decreased pulse rate, decreased BP, increased respirations.

Increased pulse rate, increased BP, increased respirations

A toddler client diagnosed with cystic fibrosis is admitted to the hospital with a respiratory infection. The nurse expects to see which characteristic feature of cystic fibrosis? 1. Absence of gastric enzymes. 2. Increased viscosity of mucus. 3. Absence of liver enzymes. 4. Inability to cough.

Increased viscosity of mucus.

The nurse identifies which as the proper technique for eyedrop administration? 1. Instruct the client to look down, retract the lower eyelid, and instill drops. 2. Instruct the client to look up, retract the lower eyelid, and instill drops. 3. Instruct the client to look down, retract the lower eyelid, and instill drops, then apply pressure. 4. Instruct the client to look sideways, and instill the drops in the inner canthus.

Instruct the client to look up, retract the lower eyelid, and instill drops.

Which is most important for the nurse to consider when planning the care for the client receiving chemotherapy? 1. Instructing individuals who are visiting the client to wash hands. 2. Minimizing or preventing alopecia by using an ice cap. 3. Maintaining adequate gastrointestinal function to ensure adequate nutrition. 4. Minimizing hemorrhagic cystitis by increasing intravenous (IV) fluids

Instructing individuals who are visiting the client to wash hands.

Which nursing intervention is most important when preparing a client for a radioactive iodine uptake test? 1. Remain on bedrest for 12 hours prior to the procedure. 2. Investigate the client's medical history for previous treatment for thyroid disorders. 3. Instruct the client to avoid shellfish the night before the study. 4. Take the client's serial blood pressures at least two hours before the test.

Investigate the client's medical history for previous treatment for thyroid disorders.

The nurse cares for a client with a history of asthma and bronchitis. The health care provider prescribes montelukast. The nurse recognizes which statement as true about montelukast? 1. Montelukast is used to treat acute asthma attacks. 2. Montelukast prevents colds from developing into more serious conditions. 3. Montelukast takes several weeks to lessen the effects of chronic asthma. 4. Montelukast prevents bacterial infections.

Montelukast takes several weeks to lessen the effects of chronic asthma.

The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with tuberculosis. The client asks, "Why do I have to take vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)?" What explanation does the nurse provide? 1. Promotes the absorption of isoniazid. 2. Prevents neuritis. 3. Alleviates gastrointestinal symptoms. 4. Prevents kidney damage.

Prevents neuritis.

The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with hypothyroidism complicated by myxedema. Which related diagnosis does the nurse treat as a priority? 1. Social isolation. 2. Diarrhea. 3. Oral mucous membrane, altered. 4. Urinary retention.

Social isolation.

The nurse administers peripheral intravenous fluids to a child client. For which purpose does the nurse utilize a volume control set? 1. To keep air out of the intravenous line. 2. To limit the chance of an infiltration. 3. To filter bacteria from the intravenous fluid. 4. To decrease the risk for fluid overload.

To decrease the risk for fluid overload.

A client has filled a prescription for dorzolamide for newly diagnosed glaucoma. The nurse knows the client needs additional education if the client makes which statement? 1. "I have a bitter taste in my mouth a short time after I instill the eye drops." 2. "Although I had a reaction to sulfa medications, I don't need to worry about eye drops." 3. "I carry the drops with me when I go on long day trips, so I can instill them at the correct time." 4. "I can expect to use eye drops for a long time to prevent permanent damage to my eyes."

"Although I had a reaction to sulfa medications, I don't need to worry about eye drops."

The nurse provides care for a client suspected of having a seizure disorder. The client tells the nurse, "I smelled oranges today and there wasn't one on my tray." Which response by the nurse is best? 1. "If you would like and orange I'll get you one from the kitchen." 2. "Have you experienced this sensation before?" 3. "Why do you think you're thinking about oranges?" 4. "Isn't that strange? Maybe it's someone's cologne."

"Have you experienced this sensation before?"

The nurse provides care for a client with degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis). The client receives a new prescription for celecoxib. The nurse is most concerned if the client makes which statement? 1. "I am allergic to aspirin." 2. "I should take this medication with food." 3. "This medication will reduce joint discomfort." 4. "I will contact the health care provider if I have any weight gain."

"I am allergic to aspirin."

Which statement correctly indicates the client understands the side effects of the chemotherapy medications used to treat cancer? 1. "I have a banquet to attend in next week. I'll tell them I won't be coming." 2. "My child is bringing a friend to visit in a few weeks." 3. "I promised my niece and nephew I will take them to the movies." 4. "My partner is planning a 2-month cruise for us in three months. I need a vacation!"

"I have a banquet to attend in next week. I'll tell them I won't be coming."

The nurse instructs a client diagnosed with atrial fibrillation receiving lisinopril. Which statement, if made by the client to the nurse, indicates the need for further teaching? 1. "I have to limit the amount of canned soups, lunch meats, and cheese I eat." 2. "I will decrease the number of oranges, bananas, and apricots in my diet." 3. "I have switched to a salt substitute instead of iodized salt." 4. "I do not include as much broccoli, potatoes, and leafy green vegetables in my diet."

"I have switched to a salt substitute instead of iodized salt."

The nurse performs discharge teaching for a client receiving warfarin. The nurse determines further teaching is required if the client makes which statement? 1. "I should increase my intake of leafy green vegetables." 2. "I will wear a Medic-Alert bracelet." 3. "I will tell the health care provider if I have black stools." 4. "I need to talk with the health care provider before taking any medication."

"I should increase my intake of leafy green vegetables."

The clinic nurse instructs a client in the use of a metered dose inhaler (MDI). Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? 1. "I will breathe in deeply and slowly as I press down on the canister." 2. "I will hold the mouthpiece 2 inches in front of my mouth." 3. "I will count to 10 on my fingers after I breathe in." 4. "I will be careful not to shake the canister before I use it."

"I will be careful not to shake the canister before I use it."

The nurse provides care for a school-age client receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Which statement made by the parents indicates the need for the nurse to provide further instruction? 1. "I will give my child aspirin if my child develops a fever." 2. "My child should drink plenty of liquids." 3. "We have made arrangements for a tutor to come to the house for a while." 4. "We are planning our child's birthday party after chemotherapy is finished."

"I will give my child aspirin if my child develops a fever."

The nurse instructs a client about the correct way to administer insulin. Which statement, by the client, requires follow-up teaching? 1. "I will use my abdomen for the morning injection." 2. "I will inject insulin into my left arm prior to weight training." 3. "I will inject insulin into the subcutaneous tissue" 4. "I will dispose the used needle into the puncture resistant container "

"I will inject insulin into my left arm prior to weight training."

The nurse cares for the client receiving venlafaxine for two months. The client tells the nurse of being unable to maintain an erection and wants to stop taking the medication to see if this is causing the problem. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. "Venlafaxine does not cause sexual side effects." 2. "I'll contact the health care provider so the dosage of medication can be reduced gradually." 3. "The sexual side effects will decrease with time." 4. "Your inability to maintain an erection is due to anxiety."

"I'll contact the health care provider so the dosage of medication can be reduced gradually."

The nurse cares for a client receiving sertraline. Which statement is most important for the nurse to make? 1. "It will not have any effect on your sleeping patterns." 2. "You don't have to worry about interactions with other medications." 3. "You can drink beer and wine, but not mixed drinks, while taking the medication." 4. "It might take four weeks for you to reach full therapeutic effect."

"It might take four weeks for you to reach full therapeutic effect."

A client diagnosed with cancer asks the nurse, "Why must I take so many medications?" Which response by the nurse is best? 1. "Cancer is so individual, and because no one medication works the same way with every person, more than one medication is usually used." 2. "Cancer cells grow differently than normal cells, so more than one medication is used to ensure an effect." 3. "Like bacteria, cancer cells can resist chemotherapy medications. By using medications with different actions, more cells are destroyed before resistance develops." 4. "Using multiple medications increases the overall effect and destroys more of the cancer cells."

"Like bacteria, cancer cells can resist chemotherapy medications. By using medications with different actions, more cells are destroyed before resistance develops."

Albuterol and beclomethasone by metered dose inhaler (MDI) are prescribed for a client recently diagnosed with asthma. The client asks the nurse, "Why do I have to be concerned about which medication I take first and waiting in between medications?" Which is the best response by the nurse? 1. "That is how your health care provider wrote the prescription." 2. "You do not have to be concerned. You can take them in whatever way works best for you as long as you take them both." 3. "That is the standard way these medications are administered." 4. "The albuterol will open up the airway so the beclomethasone can be better absorbed. You wait to allow the albuterol to have its full effect."

"The albuterol will open up the airway so the beclomethasone can be better absorbed. You wait to allow the albuterol to have its full effect."

The nurse cares for a client who has taken zidovudine for one week. The client reports experiencing insomnia since beginning the medication. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? 1. "Sleeplessness is a sign of toxicity, so you should reduce the dose of zidovudine." 2. "Zidovudine has no effect on sleep patterns, so you should get more exercise." 3. "Take the medication with food to decrease the side effects." 4. "The insomnia should resolve after taking the medication for three to four weeks."

"The insomnia should resolve after taking the medication for three to four weeks."

The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with active tuberculosis. Which instructions does the nurse give the client about follow-up care after discharge from the hospital? 1. "We would like you to come to the clinic monthly to recheck your tine test and look for changes in your chest x-ray." 2. "We would like you to return to the clinic if you experience any adverse effects from the medications." 3. "We would like you to come to the clinic weekly for your isoniazid injections." 4. "We would like you to come to the clinic monthly to check the effects of the medication you are taking."

"We would like you to come to the clinic monthly to check the effects of the medication you are taking."

The nurse instructs a client about insulin self-administration. It is most important for the nurse to make which statement? 1. "You should rotate the injection sites." 2. "Wipe the needle with alcohol prior to the injection." 3. "Insert the needle at a 90 degree angle." 4. "Cool the insulin prior to injecting it."

"You should rotate the injection sites."

A client is prescribed rifampin and isoniazid. Which explanation concerning these medications is most appropriate for the nurse to give the client? 1. "You will have to take these medications for the rest of your life." 2. "You must isolate yourself from your family while on these medications." 3. "You will have to take these medications for 6 to 9 months." 4. "You will need to take these medications only when you have symptoms."

"You will have to take these medications for 6 to 9 months."

The nurse provides care for a client receiving colestipol. The nurse encourages the client to eat foods rich in which vitamins? (Select all that apply.) 1. Vitamin A. 2. Vitamin B1. 3. Vitamin B6. 4. Vitamin C. 5. Vitamin D. 6. Vitamin K.

-Vitamin A. -Vitamin D -Vitamin K

The nurse in the cardiac rehabilitation unit knows the maintenance dose of digoxin for adults is in which range? 1. 1.0 to 3.0 mg. 2. 0.5 to 1.0 mg. 3. 3.5 to 5.0 mg. 4. 0.125 to 0.5 mg.

0.125 to 0.5 mg.

A client reports a fever for several days prior to admission to the hospital for pneumococcal pneumonia. The client's temperature is 101° F (38.4° C), and the client is started on penicillin therapy intravenously. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the client for which finding? 1. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN). 2. Allergic reaction. 3. Anemia. 4. Decreased appetite.

Allergic reaction

The client is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The nurse understands which is an adverse effect of prednisone used for this client? 1. Alteration in mental status. 2. Hypoglycemia. 3. Fluid volume deficit and hypotension. 4. Excessive thirst and urination, fine hand tremors.

Alteration in mental status.

Which signs and/or symptoms does the nurse correctly identify as a pyrogenic reaction to intravenous therapy? 1. Pain and blanching at intravenous site. 2. Tenderness and red streaks up the arm. 3. Chills, fever, and general malaise. 4. Myalgia, joint pain, and high fever.

Chills, fever, and general malaise.

The client is placed on escitalopram 10 mg daily. For which adverse effect does the nurse instruct the family to observe? 1. Photophobia. 2. Dizziness. 3. Epistaxis. 4. Hypertensive crisis.

Dizziness.

Chlordiazepoxide 10 mg PO bid is prescribed for a client. The nurse assesses the client for which adverse effects? 1. Skeletal muscle spasms and insomnia. 2. Anorexia and dry mouth. 3. Diarrhea and euphoria. 4. Drowsiness and confusion.

Drowsiness and confusion.

The nurse takes the medical history of client diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which signs and/or symptoms does the nurse expect the client to exhibit? 1. Dry skin and constipation. 2. Diaphoresis and diarrhea. 3. Hirsutism and palpitations. 4. Increased energy level and exophthalmos.

Dry skin and constipation.

While the nurse ambulates the client to the bathroom, the client begins to have a seizure. Which action does the nurse take first? 1. Notes the time the seizure began. 2. Carries the client to the nearest bed. 3. Calls for a wheelchair. 4. Eases the client to the floor.

Eases the client to the floor.

The nurse identifies nasogastric drainage, vomiting, diarrhea, and the use of diuretics as likely the cause of which electrolyte imbalance? 1. Hypernatremia. 2. Hyperkalemia. 3. Hyponatremia. 4. Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia

The nurse notices flattened T waves on the electrocardiogram (ECG) of the client diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Based on this finding, the nurse checks the laboratory values for which electrolyte imbalance? 1. Hypocalcemia. 2. Hyponatremia. 3. Hypomagnesemia. 4. Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia

The nurse instructs the parents of a 7-year-old child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis about rquired dietary modifications. Which adjustment is likely to be made in a normal diet? 1. Increased protein. 2. Increased fat. 3. Increased carbohydrate. 4. Increased potassium.

Increased protein.

A client is evaluated in the outpatient clinic for hypothyroidism. The nurse expects the client to exhibit which symptom? 1. Joint pain. 2. Urinary frequency. 3. Increasing fatigue. 4. Muscular twitchings.

Increasing fatigue.

The nurse enters the room of a client admitted for evaluation of a convulsive disorder. The family members present report the client just had a seizure. After determining vital signs are normal and there are no injuries, then placing the client in side-lying position, which action does the nurse take next? 1. Interviews the family about what they observed, including the duration of the seizure, and accurately documents their responses using their own words. 2. Explores the feelings of the family regarding witnessing this seizure activity now and in the past. 3. Documents that the family witnessed a seizure but the nurse did not, and records the vital signs of the client. 4. Instructs the family to call the nurse the next time, completes an incident report, and notifies the health care provider

Interviews the family about what they observed, including the duration of the seizure, and accurately documents their responses using their own words.

A client with hyperthyroidism reports feeling irritable to the nurse. The nurse understands which about this symptom? 1. Irritability is usually the result of temporary mental confusion. 2. Irritability is commonly observed in clients with hyperthyroidism. 3. Irritability is typical when a client thinks an illness is irreversible. 4. Irritability is frequently associated with decreasing serum thyroxine level.

Irritability is commonly observed in clients with hyperthyroidism.

The nurse knows which statement is an important fact about warfarin? 1. It has a prolonged action. 2. It is never given for prolonged periods of time. 3. It must be given several times a day to be effective. 4. It can only be given parenterally.

It has a prolonged action.

A football quarterback suffers arm and leg muscle injuries when repeatedly injured and is given methocarbamol for the injuries. When following up with the client, the nurse is most concerned if the client states which symptom is being experienced? 1. Metallic taste in the mouth. 2. Brown urine. 3. Nasal congestion. 4. Drowsiness.

Nasal congestion.

Prior to administering an intravenous medication into a client's peripheral IV, which assessment is most important for the nurse to make? 1. Review the client's oral intake and urinary output. 2. Check for blood return from the catheter. 3. Observe for redness or swelling at the intravenous insertion site. 4. Assess for the presence of a saline lock.

Observe for redness or swelling at the intravenous insertion site.

A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse, "Are the pills I am taking to control my blood sugar a form of insulin?" Which statement best describes the action of oral hypoglycemic agents? 1. Oral hypoglycemic agents stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to release endogenous insulin. 2. Oral hypoglycemic agents supply exogenous insulin, which enhances the transfer of glucose into cells. 3. Oral hypoglycemic agents increase the release of insulin in the liver, which restores efficient glucose and fat utilization. 4. Oral hypoglycemic agents stimulate adipose tissue to release endogenous insulin.

Oral hypoglycemic agents stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to release endogenous insulin.

A client has a nasogastric tube connected to intermittent suction. Which blood test results are of most concern to the nurse? 1. Blood urea nitrogen 16 mg/dL (5.71 mmol/L). 2. White blood cells 8,500/mm3 (8.5 X 10/L). 3. Potassium 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L). 4. Glucose 90 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L).

Potassium 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L).

The nurse provides care for a client receiving levothyroxine sodium. Which indicates a nursing consideration for this medication? 1. Side effects include weight gain and tachycardia. 2. Provide medication at the same time daily. 3. Assess for a decreased pulse rate. 4. Medication is given over a 10 day period.

Provide medication at the same time daily.

A client asks the nurse why diphenhydramine may be prescribed. The nurse understands that diphenhydramine may be prescribed if a client reports which symptom? 1. Paresthesias. 2. Dyspepsia. 3. Pruritus. 4. Dysuria.

Pruritus.

A client diagnosed with Hodgkin disease previously had treatment with radiation therapy. Now, the client is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The nurse identifies the hypothyroidism is most likely caused by which reason? 1. Abnormal cells have engulfed the thyroid gland. 2. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) production in the pituitary gland is inadequate due to the Hodgkin disease. 3. Radiation therapy has destroyed the thyroid gland. 4. Autoimmune processes have gradually destroyed the thyroid gland.

Radiation therapy has destroyed the thyroid gland.

The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which nursing observation suggests the client is experiencing thyrotoxicosis? 1. Decreased temperature. 2. Rapid pulse. 3. Decreased respirations. 4. Lethargy.

Rapid pulse.

The nurse provides care for a client admitted to the hospital for persistent vomiting and abdominal pain. A nasogastric (NG) tube is inserted and connected to suction. An intravenous infusion of 1,000 mL of D5W with 20 mEq of potassium chloride is started to infuse at 100 mL per hour. The nurse understands potassium chloride has been added to the infusion for which reason? 1. Replaces the potassium lost in the gastric fluid. 2. Replaces decreased dietary potassium due to NPO status. 3. Prevents the loss of sodium in the urine. 4. Prevents the loss of potassium in the urine.

Replaces the potassium lost in the gastric fluid.

The nurse provides care for a client with an intravenous (IV) infusion running at 60 mL/hr. The nurse notes the IV is not running at the correct rate. The nurse assesses the IV set-up and discovers no abnormalities or infiltration. Which is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? 1. Reposition the client's arm. 2. Restart the IV in a new site. 3. Apply a warm compress to the client's arm. 4. Call the health care provider.

Reposition the client's arm.

The nurse teaches a client diagnosed with Graves disease about diet. The nurse determines further teaching is required when the client selects which food? 1. Non-iodized salt. 2. Poultry, such as chicken or turkey. 3. Calcium fortified cereals. 4. Seafood.

Seafood.

The nurse provides care for a client admitted with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse anticipates the which type of insulin will be prescribed? 1. Rapid-acting insulin. 2. Long-acting insulin. 3. Short-acting insulin. 4. Intermediate-acting insulin.

Short-acting insulin.

The nurse provides care for a client immediately after delivery and administers oxytocin. The nurse knows this medication is used for which purpose? 1. Relieve discomfort and pain. 2. Anesthetize the area of the episiotomy. 3. Stimulate firm contraction of the uterus. 4. Prevent breast engorgement.

Stimulate firm contraction of the uterus.

The nurse develops a care plan for a client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which is the priority action for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care? 1. Encourage physical activity. 2. Provide low-calorie snacks. 3. Teach the client to wear eye protection at night. 4. Monitor for decreased pulse and blood pressure.

Teach the client to wear eye protection at night.

A client diagnosed with hypertension has been prescribed a diuretic to take daily. The client experiences lower leg cramps. The nurse notes the client's serum potassium level is 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L). Which intervention does the nurse perform to assist in maintaining a normal serum potassium? 1. Encourages the client to hold any prescribed diuretics when the potassium level is below 3.5 mEq/L (3.5 mmol/L). 2. Allows the client to verbalize concerns about the diagnosis of hypertension. 3. Teaches the client about the importance of eating bananas and drinking orange juice. 4. Encourages the client to engage in regular exercise.

Teaches the client about the importance of eating bananas and drinking orange juice.

The nurse performs a home care visit for the child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. The nurse should intervene if which finding is observed? 1. The child eats a high-protein, high-calorie diet. 2. The child has two to three stools per day. 3. The child swallows the pancreatic enzyme capsules whole. 4. The child takes the pancreatic enzymes one hour after eating.

The child takes the pancreatic enzymes one hour after eating.

The nurse provides care for a client who is prescribed Propranolol. What information found in the client's history causes the nurse to hold the medication and contact the health care provider? 1. The client has a history of myocardial infarction. 2. The client has had asthma since childhood. 3. The client has a history of infective endocarditis. 4. The client has had hypertension for five years.

The client has had asthma since childhood.

An intravenous potassium supplement is to be administered to an older adult client. Which assessment finding does the nurse question? 1. Normal electrocardiogram (ECG) results. 2. The client reports experiencing dizziness. 3. The client reports history of low urine output. 4. If the client is experiencing any muscle cramps.

The client reports history of low urine output.

The nurse makes a home visit to a client receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. The nurse instructs the client about ways to avoid injury due to bone marrow suppression. The nurse intervenes if which observation is made? 1. The client takes Alka Seltzer for indigestion. 2. The client uses an electric razor to shave. 3. The client blows the nose gently. 4. The client reports adding fiber to their diet.

The client takes Alka Seltzer for indigestion

Prednisone 2 mg daily is prescribed for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which important point does the nurse include when teaching the client about this medication? 1. The health care provider will increase the dose until there is complete relief of symptoms. 2. The dosage of prednisone must be increased and decreased gradually. 3. Some people experience incontinence as an adverse effect of this medication. 4. Prednisone is a dangerous medication and must be carefully monitored.

The dosage of prednisone must be increased and decreased gradually.

A client has just been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and prescribed prednisone. Which information is most important for the nurse to include when teaching the client about this medication? 1. The health care provider will increase the dose as quickly as needed so the client will get complete relief of symptoms. 2. The dose of prednisone must be increased and decreased gradually. 3. While taking the medication, the client should eat foods high in protein, calcium, and vitamin D. 4. The client must take the medication on an empty stomach.

The dose of prednisone must be increased and decreased gradually.

The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which findings does the nurse expect when assessing the client? 1. The electrocardiogram has a depressed ST segment and inverted T wave. 2. The client exhibits Kussmaul breathing. 3. The electrocardiogram reflects widening of the QRS complex. 4. The client has increased muscle strength.

The electrocardiogram has a depressed ST segment and inverted T wave.

The nurse plans to administer both regular and intermediate-acting insulin to a client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which actions by the nurse reflect correct understanding of the proper administration procedure? 1. The nurse draws up either insulin first, followed by the other. 2. The nurse draws up the intermediate-acting insulin first, followed by the regular insulin. 3. The nurse draws each insulin up in a separate syringe. 4. The nurse draws up the regular insulin first, then the intermediate-acting insulin.

The nurse draws up the regular insulin first, then the intermediate-acting insulin.

A toddler client is diagnosed with a tonic-clonic seizure disorder. The home health nurse intervenes if which finding is observed? 1. The parent takes the child's temperature using an oral electronic thermometer. 2. The parent encourages the child to play with boats during bath time. 3. The child wears a helmet when riding a bicycle. 4. The child eats peanut butter and jelly sandwiches.

The parent takes the child's temperature using an oral electronic thermometer.

Which signs and/or symptoms does the nurse recognize as signs of intravenous fluid infiltration? 1. The site is pale, cool to touch, and edematous. 2. The client experiences dyspnea, rapid weak pulse, and decreased urine output. 3. Purulent drainage is noted around the infusion site. 4. There is a red streak along the client's vein, and the client reports burning pain and tenderness.

The site is pale, cool to touch, and edematous.

The nurse observes a student nurse begin an IV on an older adult client. The nurse intervenes if which action is observed? 1. The student nurse uses a 24-gauge catheter to start the IV. 2. The student uses vigorous friction and tapping of the vein as a dilation method. 3. The student nurse inserts the catheter at a 10 degree angle. 4. The student nurse sets the flow rate at 100 mL per hour.

The student uses vigorous friction and tapping of the vein as a dilation method.

A client is taking verapamil in the sustained-release form that was prescribed one month ago. The client reports having a mild headache since starting the medication. Which information does the nurse provide to the client? 1. This is an unrelated symptom and should be reported. 2. This medication often causes headache which may improve with time. 3. This medication should be stopped until the headache disappears 4. The client should go immediately to the emergency department.

This medication often causes headache which may improve with time.

For which reason is chemotherapy given to clients diagnosed with leukemia? 1. To limit bone marrow suppression. 2. To prevent further development of the leukemia. 3. To destroy the fastest growing cells in the body. 4. To treat the frequent infections that may occur with leukemia

To destroy the fastest growing cells in the body.

A client has an intravenous infusion flowing by gravity. The nurse determines the intravenous solution is dripping too slowly. The nurse assesses the IV tubing is free of kinks, the IV catheter is in the vein, and the site is not infiltrated. The nurse repositions the client's arm. Which is the appropriate reason for the nurse performing this action? 1. To allow the client more freedom of movement in the extremity. 2. To decrease the possibility of infiltration at the intravenous site. 3. To increase the infusion to the desired flow rate. 4. To see if blood will back up in the intravenous tubing.

To increase the infusion to the desired flow rate.

The nurse identifies which medication is used for the treatment of Parkinson disease? 1. Trihexyphenidyl. 2. Meclizine. 3. Fexofenadine. 4. Donepezil.

Trihexyphenidyl

A client is diagnosed with tonic-clonic seizures. The nurse tries to identify the client's aura. Which statement accurately describes an aura? 1. A state of consciousness during the seizure. 2. Unusual sensations prior to the seizure. 3. Emotional status of the client after the seizure. 4. Uncomfortable feeling as the seizure begins to subside.

Unusual sensations prior to the seizure.