Soc 1 - Inquizitive Chapter 1 2017

Microsociology is like a wide-angle lens perspective on society, whereas macrosociology is like a zoom lens perspective on society.

False

Which social theorist believed that societies could evolve through time by adapting to changing conditions?

Herbert Spencer

Bernard McGrane suggested that to better understand the world around us, individuals should adopt the practice known as ___________.

beginner's mind

Which of the following are important elements in Émile Durkheim's theory?

Correct: - positivist sociology - division of labor

Erving Goffman's concept of dramaturgy draws upon a metaphor in what area to describe how we engage in a strategic presentation of ourselves to others?

theater

Robert Merton called for a style of sociology that avoids extremes: it focuses on institutions, not tiny groups and not whole societies, and it holds theory and empirical observation in balance. This type of study is called _________ theory.

midrange

What is a key difference between anthropology and sociology?

Anthropology largely concentrates on traditional, small or indigenous cultures, whereas sociology is interested in societies at all levels of development.

What is another name for the methodology that Auguste Comte called "social physics"?

positivism

What, according to Auguste Comte, is the job of the sociologist?

to develop a secular morality

Which of the following are important elements in Weberian theory?

- "verstehen" - the role of the Protestant religion in transforming European economies

A new religious cult in the United States has been discovered that does not use any modern technology, lives in primitive conditions with no electricity or running water, and treats women as less valuable than men. Children born into this cult are forced to work sixteen-hour days beginning at the age of ten.

- A child born into the cult escapes at the age of sixteen and travels to the nearest large city. -A sociologist goes undercover and becomes a member in an effort to learn more about the cult.

Which of the following social theorists were influential to sociology but were not technically sociologists because they lived before the discipline existed?

- Harriet Martineau - Herbert Spencer

Which of the following are important concepts in the writings and work of Jane Addams?

- Hull House - With Ellen Gates Starr, Addams co-founded Hull House as a community center for applying sociological theory in the lives of working-class Chicagoans. - Putting theory into practice

Which of the following are important tenets laid out by Herbert Blumer regarding symbolic interactionism?

- Meanings can change or be modified through interaction - We act toward things on the basis of their meanings - Meanings are not inherent; rather, they are negotiated through interaction with others

Which of the following are among the key tenets of the Chicago School in American sociology?

- The self emerges from a process of interacting with other selves - Human behavior and personality are shaped by social and physical environments. - Society is conceptualized as a "generalized other."

Which of the following are offshoots of symbolic interactionism?

- ethnomethodology - conversation analysis

Which of the following are among the goals of conflict theory?

- understanding the role of conflict at all scales of investigation—from the family to the nation - understanding how conflict is essential for social change

Some of the following thinkers are prominent figures in the positivist-functionalist tradition. Place the positivist-functionalist figures in chronological order of their contributions from first to last.

1. August Comte 2. Emile Durkheim 3. Talcott Parsons

Place each person or event in the appropriate location on the timeline. For people, use the year of their deaths.

1. Emile Durkheim wrote "Suicide" (1858-1917) 2. Max Weber wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. (1864-1920) 3. World War 1 is fought (1914-1918) 4. George Herbert Mead wrote Mind, Self, and Society. (1863- 1931) 5. World War 2 is fought (1944-1948) 6. In his book, Goffman (1922-1982) introduced the theatrical metaphor of dramaturgy into sociology. (1922-1982)

Place each event in the appropriate location on the timeline.

1. Harriet Martineau wrote Society in America (1802 - 1876) 2. Auguste Comte wrote Introduction to Positive Philosophy (1798-1857) 3. Karl Marx wrote Manifesto of the Communist Party (1818-1883)

- is a paradigm that places trust in the power of science and technology to create progress, solve problems, and improve life. Conversely, - is a paradigm that suggests that social reality is diverse, pluralistic, and constantly in flux. Three of the most famous postmodern theorists include Jacques Derrida, Jean Baudrillard, and -.

1. Modernism 2. Postmodernism 3. Michel Foucault

Which social theorist coined the term "sociology"?

August Comte in 1842 in the book "Introduction to Positive Philosophy"

Which social theorist sought to bring the scientific method to the discipline of sociology?

Auguste Comte

Which social theorist introduced the idea of the sociological imagination?

C. Wright Mills

Which of the following are characteristics of a sociologist, as described by Peter Berger?

Characteristics: - intellectually daring - passionate about human affairs - intellectually curious Not Characteristics: - mathematically inclined

A certain high school student is wearing "cool" clothing and is considered "cool." What would a symbolic interactionist say about this situation?

Correct: - The coolness of the student and the clothing are connected in a causal cycle. - Coolness is a construction rather than an objective fact.

Which of the following are examples of postmodernism in popular culture?

Correct: - The move This is Spinal Tap - The Grey Album by DJ Danger Mouse - Copies of famous landmarks, such as the Eiffel Tower in Las Vegas

Choose the sociological concept that best exemplifies the story of Roger Lextrait, caretaker of Palmyra, and his return to Western society.

Culture Shock

Deconstruction

Deconstruction is a type of critical postmodern analysis that involves taking apart or disassembling old ways of thinking.

Match each discipline to the way in which it overlaps with sociology.

Geography - examines places History - examines society's past Political Science - examines a social institution Psychology - examines internal states of individuals

Type the term that best completes the passage. Robert Merton suggested two types of functions for different social structures. By keeping children busy and out of trouble for a good portion of the day, schools perform a _________ function.

Latent

Latent Function

Latent functions are less obvious and sometimes unintended but are often as important as manifest functions.

Identify each question as a topic in either microsociology or macrosociology.

Microsociology: - How does a family conversation escalate into a shouting match? - How do two drivers decide who goes first at a four-way stop? Macrosociology - Why do some immigrant groups assimilate faster than others? - Why does the officer-enlisted relationship differ between a country's army and its navy?

What is a key difference between psychology and sociology?

Psychology is focused on individuals' internal states of mind, whereas sociology is focused on individuals in relation to society.

Place each component on the macro-micro continuum.

Self -> Interaction -> Socialization -> Roles -> Groups -> Social Inequality -> Social Institutions -> Culture -> Society

What is the definition of "sociology"?

Sociology is the systematic or scientific study of human society and social behavior

Which American sociologist's work closely embodies the functionalist concept of how best to analyze society?

Talcott Parsons

Postmodernism

The concept of complete originality is absent in postmodernism. Rather, re-use, adaptation, and copies of copies are all highlights of this condition. The lines between art and reality are blurred. Culture is influenced, parodied, and referenced by other aspects of culture.

What, according to C. Wright Mills, is the function of the sociological imagination?

The sociological imagination enables us to connect our personal experience with the larger forces of history

Research shows that overall, men are more talkative than women, although there is significant variation by context. The evidence suggests that conversational differences are influenced more by social rather than biological forces.

True

What is the central message of postmodernism?

rejection of the idea of a single, shared understanding of history and society

What is the difference between microsociology and macrosociology?

the level of analysis

Identify each question as a topic in either microsociology or macrosociology.

Microsociology: - What types of language and gestures do students use when interacting with teachers? - How does giving children different types of toys to play with affect their views of gender roles? Macrosociology: - What types of religious organizations are most effective at lobbying political entities for support? - How do different organizations of education systems across countries affect the percentage of individuals who go to college?

Identify each item as either practical or scientific knowledge.

Practical Knowledge: - The location of your favorite restaurant. - The information needed to pay your bills online Scientific Knowledge: - How much water you need to intake on a daily basis to survive - The average education level of individuals whose parents graduated from college

Identify each question as one answered by either practical or scientific knowledge.

Practical: - How do I register for classes? - How do I cross the street safely? Scientific: - What classes are most likely to provide me with the knowledge that employers are looking for? - How does a traffic light help regulate traffic?

A postmodernist who analyzes the traditions and narratives of individuals within a number of Native American tribes without an eye toward universal narratives is engaging in what type of critical analysis?

deconstruction

C. Wright Mills was critical of social science and worked to connect the academic side of sociology to more tangible social debates of the time. In fact, a final heart attack that led to his death came the night before he was scheduled to participate in a televised debate about Latin America. For these reasons, what term would best exemplify C. Wright Mills?

public intellectual