SOC 100 Exam 2 Practice Questions

in the US today, many people are bothered by "double dipping," even though it has been scientifically revealed that the sharing of germs is negligible. is double dipping still deviant?

double dipping is still deviant whenever it receives a negative reaction

two people who have just had a baby have turned from a ___ to a ___ .

dyad , triad

based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

resocialization is particularly severe when individuals are severed from their previous relations with society, and their former identities are stripped away. what sort of life change would lead to this more dramatic form of resocialization?

entry into the military

t/f only women are affected by gender stratification

false

t/f the majority of US states have laws in place that prohibit discrimination against gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender adults

false

what is typically the earliest agent of socialization?

family

which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the US?

first-generation college student

to which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly?

functionalism

the terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's ...

gender

the term ___ refers to society's concept of how men and women are supposed to act and how they should behave.

gender role

conflict theorists view capitalists as those who ...

get rich while workers stay poor

structural mobility occurs when

a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

according to mills, which person is most likely to be a member of the power elite?

a senator

how do sociologists define race?

a social category based on real or perceived biological differences

which represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

after work, a janitor feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a french restaurant

sandy is standing in line for kanye west tickets. the line wraps around the block, spilling into streets and crowding store windows. sandy is part of an ...

aggregate

according to the symbolic interactionist, we "do gender" ...

all of the time, in everything we do

during the civil rights movement, rosa parks and other black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. this is an example of ...

an act of deviance

which is an example of intergenerational mobility

an executive belongs to a different social class than her parents

what type of group leadership has a communication pattern that flows from the top down?

authoritarian

from a sociological perspective, what factor does not greatly influence a person's socialization?

blood type

how do teachers treat boys and girls differently?

boys are more likely than girls to be punished for misbehaving

which best describes how deviance is defined?

deviance is socially defined

when karl marx said that workers experience alienation, he meant that workers ...

do not feel connected to their work

scapegoat theory shows that ...

dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

socialization, as a sociological term, describes:

how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values

what does a functionalist consider when studying a phenomenon like the occupy wall street movement?

how the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissention

research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation ...

in early adolescence

what are some of the criteria that a social class system use to stratify its members?

income, ethnicity, and lifestyle

a student has a habit of talking on her cell phone during class. one day, the professor stops his lecture and asks her to respect the other students in the class by turning off her phone. in this situation, the professor used ___ to maintain social control.

informal negative sanctions

one day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. while you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. in this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating ...

informal sanctions

when the children of working-class parents manage to attend college and get a job in a professional field, it is an example of

intergenerational mobility

which is the best explanation for racism as a social fact?

it does not need the actions of individuals to ocntinue

what is the one defining feature of a minority group?

lack of power

what is a manifest function of schools?

learning to read and write

which is not one of the basic principles of social stratification?

low-level groups often have basic access to the rewards and privileges of higher-level groups

when white people are less than half the population of a given state, it is called a

majority-minority state

in the US, most people define themselves as:

middle class

occupational prestige means that jobs are ...

not equally valued

which is an example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?

peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles

what factor makes caste systems closed?

people cannot change their social standings

how are people socialized by religion?

people learn the material culture of their religion, life stages and roles are connected to religious celebration, and places of worship provide a space for shared group experiences

the belief that all irish people are drunks is an example of

prejudice

a student wakes up late and realizes her sociology exam starts in five minutes. she jumps in her car and speeds down the road, where she is pulled over by a police officer. the student explains that she is running late, and the officer lets her off with a warning. the student's actions are an example of

primary deviance

___ deviance is a violation of norms that ___ result in a person being labeled as deviant

primary; does not

which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?

pyramid

social stratification is a system that

ranks society into categories

which best describes crime trends in the US?

rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing

what is a group whose values, norms, and beliefs come to serve as a standard for one's own behavior?

reference group

when people attend high school class reunions, they often compare their own personal and professional successes and failures to those of their former classmates. this means that classmates are a ...

reference group

a parent who is worrying over her teenager's self-destructive and dangerous behavior and low self-esteem may wish to look at her child's ...

reference group, in-group, and out-group

when a high school student gets teased by her basketball game for receiving an academic award, she is dealing with competing ...

reference groups

when a parent has to decide between being on time for work and helping his child with a homework assignment, he is experiencing

role conflict

who is more likely to be an expressive leader?

the director of a summer camp for chronically ill children

what is the largest difference between the functionalist and conflict perspectives and the interactionist perspective?

the first two perspectives address large-scale issues facing groups, while the last examines more detailed aspects

why would sociologists who study social networks and employment pay attention to the frequency with which an individual has been in contact with each member of his social network?

to see if a particular tie is strong or weak

a person who is biologically female but identifies with the male gender and has undergone surgery to alter his body is considered ...

transsexual

which is not an element of the looking glass self?

we determine whether or not our parents' evaluations of us are similar to our grandparents'

why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving?

wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment

under what circumstances does a deviant label lead from primary to secondary deviance?

when the deviant label is internalized

as a caucasian in the US, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of ...

white privilege

how do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce?

with a standardized curriculum, through the hidden curriculum, and by socializing them in teamwork

what is an example of a gender stereotype?

women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded

which of the following is not an example of an in-group?

a high school

the racial term "African American" can refer to

a black person living in the US, people whose ancestors came to the US through the slave trade, and a white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the US

which illustrates low status consistency?

a college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year

according to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?

a community where neighbors don't know each other very well

which of the following is not an appropriate group for democratic leadership?

a fire station, as opposed to a college classroom, a high school prom committee, and a homeless shelter

according to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity such as Charlie Sheen commit a crime?

because his fame protects him from retribution

ethnicity describes shared ...

beliefs, language, and religion

what is discrimination?

biased actions against an individual or group

which is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

blacks under apartheid in south africa

which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

class system

the behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as ...

class traits

because laws represent the interests of those in power, crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes. this argument is most consistent with

conflict theory

which condition/disorder occurs more often in women than in men?

depression

societies practice social control to maintain ...

social order

speedy gonzalez is an example of ...

stereotyping

a convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. how would labeling theory explain this?

the offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status

why do sociologists need to be careful when drawing conclusions from twin studies?

the sample sizes are often small

which is correct regarding the explanation for transgenderism?

there is no definitive explanation

what factor makes class systems open?

they allow for movement between the classes

what role do secondary groups play in society?

they are transactional, task-based, and short-term, filling practical needs