Soc 100 final exam
The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are refined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called __________.
Medicalization
Which public healthcare systems offer insurance primary to people over 65?
Medicare
What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church?
Methodist and Seven-day Adventist
_______ often believes it must split from the larger group to return important fundamentals.
Sect
Which program is an example of socialized medicine?
US Veterans Health Association
What group created the Millennium Development Goals?
World heath organization
According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who live with _______________.
a single parent
Maya is a 12 year old from Thailand. She is homeless and often doesn't know where she is going to sleep or when she will eat. Maya lives in _____________ poverty.
absolute
State where one is barely able, or unable, to afford basic necessities?
absolute poverty
The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for _____________.
access to education
Sidewalk ramps and braille signs are examples of ____________.
accommodations and forms of accessibility
Type of unilateral descent that follows either the fathers or the mother's side exclusively?
ambilineal
The religion that believes int he dimity of nonhuman beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world?
animism
What is the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the US?
anxiety
Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is ________ than the family they grew up with.
at least as close
The belief in no deities?
atheism
What do Christianity and Islam have in common?
belief in one god, share similar stories in their religious text and belief in after life
The act of entering into marriage while still married to another person?
bigamy
Tracing of kingship throughout both parents' ancestral lines?
bilateral descent
In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?
China
Measure of income inequality between counties using a 100 point scale, where 1 represents equality and 100 represents inequality?
GINI coefficient
Income of a nation calculated based on goods and services produced, plus income earned by citizens and corporation headquarters in the country?
GNI
The unequal distribution of resources between countries?
Global Stratification
A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status?
Head Start programs
Violence that occurs between individuals who maintain a romantic or sexual relationship?
IPV
In the past the US manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their US factories and relocated to China. This is an example of _________________.
capital flight
The movement of capital from one nation to another, via jobs and resources?
capital flight
The Protestant work ethnic was viewed in terms of its relationship to ____________________.
capitalism
Form of slavery in which one person owns another?
chattel slavery
Slavery in the pre-civial war US south most closely resembled ____________?
chattel slavery
The act of a couple sharing a residence while they are not married?
cohabitation
In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution?
complex set of norms, religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values and meets several basic needs
The class, race and gender inequalities in our healthcare system supports the __________ perspective?
conflict
A sociologist who focuses on the multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _____________ perspective to understand the global economy.
conflict theory
Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?
conflict theory
Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?
conflict theory
Chronic fatigue syndrom is an example of a ____________.
contested illness
France might be classified as which kind of nation?
core
The dominate capitalist counties?
core nations
Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that _____________.
core nations exploit peripheral nations
The emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications?
credentialism
Religious groups that are small, secretive and highly controlling of members and have a charismatic leader?
cults
Cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture?
cultural capital
What are the manifest functions of education?
cultural innovation, social placement, and socialization
Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Friday's is an example of _______________.
cultural transmission
The way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms or their culture?
cultural transmission
Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion help keep the social system running smoothly?
functional
A _________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy and improving transportation infrastructure.
functionalist
A pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate of the burden of poverty?
global feminization of poverty
The concentration of resources in core nations and in the hands of a wealthy minority?
global inequality
The idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago?
grade inflation
The type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn though informal learning and cultural transmission?
hidden curriculum
In general, children in ________ households benefit from divorce.
high-conflict
Core nations are also known as _________________.
high-income nations
Family is defined by ______________________.
how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected though blood, marriage or adoption
The median age of first marriages have _______ in the last 50 years.
increased for both men and women
Education that involves learning about cultural values, norms and expected behaviors through participation in society?
informal education
A cultural universal is something that _______________.
is found in all cultures
What is a criticism of the family life cycle model?
it is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages
One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize __________________.
its inherent ethnocentric bias
A person's traceable ancestry by blood, marriage, and/ or adoption?
kinship
Megachurches tend to have _______________________.
large arenas where service is held
The use of a church to promote social change via the political arena?
liberation
Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as _________________.
liberation theology
A legally recognized contract between two or more people in a sexual relationship who have an expectation of permanence about their relationship?
marriage
A type of unilateral descent that follows the mother's side only?
matrilineal decent
System in which it is customary for husband to live with his wife's family?
matrilocal residence
A Christian church that has a very large congregation averaging more than 2,000 people who attend regular weekly services?
megachurches
Sociologists say nations evolve more toward advanced technology and more complexed industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using __________ theory to study global economy.
modernization
Theory that low-income earned by citizens and corporation headquarters in that country?
modernization theory
Act of being married to only one person at a time?
monogamy
A religion based on belief in a single deity?
monotheism
Children of divorced parents are ________ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married.
more likely
What is true of intimate partner violence (IPR)?
nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol
Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the US?
neglect
Two parents (husband/ wife) and children living in the house at the same time?
nuclear family
Many deaths in high-income nations are also known as _____________.
obesity
Same-sex couple households account for __________ percent of the US.
one
A child who associates with the line of descent of only his fathers side is part of a ___________ society.
patrilineal
Type of unilateral decent that follows father's line only?
patrilineal descent
Public schools must guarantee that _________________.
per-student spending is equitable
Nations on the fringes of the global economy, dominated by core nations with very little industrialization?
peripheral nations
Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ___________.
perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent cause of death for children under 5 in low-income counties?
pneumonia and diarrheal diseases
A woman married to two men would be an example of _________________.
polyandry
A religion based on belief in multiple deities?
polytheism
What do the functionalists and conflict perspectives share?
position that religion relates to social control and enforcing social norm
One flaw in the dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________________.
previously low-income nations such as china have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that ________________.
radical segregation in schools was allowed
Informal education ____________________.
refers to the learning of cultural norms
Mike is a college student and is living in a studio apartment. He cannot afford TV and lives off of really cheap foods. He has no job and no car. Mike is living in _________________.
relative poverty
State of poverty where one is unable to live the life style of the average person in the country?
relative poverty
A system of beliefs, values and practices concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant?
religion
Specific ideas that members of a particular faith hold to be true?
religious beliefs
the conviction or sensation that one is connected to "the divine"?
religious experience
behaviors or practices that are either required for or expected of the members of a particular group?
religious rituals
What does the individual mandate provision of the 2010 US healthcare reform do?
requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty
What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?
resources and money
Controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include ______________.
scientology and the Hare Krishna
Term from the Cold War era that describes nations with moderate economies and standards of living?
second world
A small, new offshoot of a denomination?
sect
In-between nations, now powerful enough to dictate policy but acting as a major source of raw materials and an expanding middle class marketplace?
semi-peripheral nations
Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are ____________.
shared by Christianity and Islam
Couples who cohabitant before marriage are ___________ couples who did not cohabitant before marriage to be married at least 10 years.
slightly less likely than
The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is an example of ______________.
social construction of health
Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ______________.
social placement
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for the grade is called ___________.
social promotion
Great Britain's healthcare system is an example of ________________.
socialized medicine
Who determines which illnesses are stigmatized?
society
Key predictors for students success include _________________.
socioeconomic status and family back ground
What term describes the separation of students based on merit?
sorting
Current divorce rates are _______________.
steadily declining
The high unemployment rate among the disabled may be a result of ____________.
stigmatization
A state of poverty composed of many dimensions, subjectively present when one's actual income does not meet one's expectations?
subjective poverty
Faith is a full-time working mom of two children. She has enough for the basics and can pay rent each month but she feels that with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they are. She is experiencing _____________________.
subjective poverty
A sociologist working from a ______________________ perspective would want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet and support their households on a day-to-day basis.
symbolic interaction
Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion form the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individuals sense of support and well being?
symbolic interaction
Which theory of education focuses on the labels required through the educational process?
symbolic interaction
What is social epidemiology?
the study of the causes and distributions of diseases
Which are part of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective?
they are not responsible for his condition, they must try to get better, and they are exempt from the normal duties of society
What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?
they recruit top teachers
Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?
they reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge association with upper-class culture
Term from the Cold War era that refers to poor, unindustrialized countries?
third world
The belief in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings?
totemism
What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?
tracking
Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________________.
transmission of moral education
T or F: Hispanics have worse access to care than non-Hispanic whites.
true
T or F: The infant mortality rate for blacks in the United States is almost double than it is for white.
true
T or F: The life expectancy of black males in the United States is approximately five years shorter than for white males.
true
The majority of US children live in _________________.
two parent households
An unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections?
underground economy
Buildup of external debt, wherein countries borrow money form other nations to fund their expansion or growth goals?
debt accumulation
Act of people pledging themselves as servants in exchange for money form other nations to fund their expansion or growth goals?
debt bondage
In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles _______________.
debt slavery
The loss of industrial production, usually to peripheral and semi-peripheral nations where costs are lower?
deindustrialization
The removal of homosexuality form the DSM is an example of _________________.
demedicalization
A large, mainstream religion that is not sponsored by the state?
denomination
If sociologists point out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that win inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a _________________.
dependency theorist
A theory which states that global inequality is due to the exploitation of peripheral and semi-peripheral nations by core nations?
dependency theory
A religion that is considered the state religion?
ecclesia
The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is ___________________.
ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion
A social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledgeable, learning skills, and cultural norms?
education
Sects that last but do not become dominations?
established sects
A household that includes at least one parent and child as well as the other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins?
extended family
T or F: Blacks have lower cancer rates than whites.
false
Functionalists theory sees education as serving the needs of ____________.
families, societies, and the individual
Socially recognized groups of individuals who may be joined by blood marriage or adoption and who form emotional connection and economic unit society?
family
Sociological model of family that sees progression of events as fluid rather than as occurring in strict stages?
family life course
Set of predictable steps and patterns families experience over time?
family life cycle
The family into which one is born?
family of orientation
Family that is formed through marriage?
family of procreation
Term from the Cold War era that is used to describe industrialized capitalists democracies?
first world
The learning of academic faces and concepts?
formal education
Term describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on world stage?
fourth world
