SOC 101

What was the major ethical lapse of the Tuskegee Experiment? a. Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis b. Conducting a study only on Black people c. Not adhering to a code of ethics d. Not treating the men who were infected

Not treating the men who were infected, Not informing the subjects of the study that they had syphilis

Society and culture _____. a. Could not exist without each other b. Could not exist together c. Are unrelated d. Are the same thing

a. Could not exist without each other

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? a. Differential association theory b. Strain theory c. Labeling theory d. Opaque theory

a. Differential association theory

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the mores and norms of a culture? a. Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family. b. Families are so isolated from society at large that they become tiny independent societies. c. Families tend to be apathetic towards culture whereas young unmarried people reinforce social rituals and ideologies. d. Families almost never reinforce the values of the society in which they live, and thus can bring about change without much effort.

a. Families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.

Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism? a. Herbert Blumer b. Lester F. Ward c. W.I.Thomas d. Max Weber

a. Herbert Blumer

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies? a. Industrial b. Feudal c. Agricultural d. Hunter-gatherer

a. Industrial

An instrumental leader: a. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks. b. Promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported. c. Refers to the main focus or goal of the leader. d. Rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

a. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

The term discrimination is defined in the text as: a. Prejudiced action against a group of people. b. An expression of dissatisfaction with the justice system. c. The theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. d. Biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people.

a. Prejudiced action against a group of people.

A family of _____ describes one that is formed through marriage. a. Procreation b. Marriage c. Orientation d. Cohabitation

a. Procreation

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States? a. Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing. b. Crime rates have skyrocketed since the 1970s due to lax corrections laws. c. Rates of street crime have gone up, but corporate crime has gone down. d. Rates of violent crimes are decreasing, but there are more nonviolent crimes now than ever before.

a. Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing.

What was the major ethical lapse regarding researchers' treatment of Henrietta Lacks? a. Reusing her cells without her consent b. Reusing her cells in vaccines and related medicines c. Not treating her cervical cancer d. Not acknowledging that the cells came from her

a. Reusing her cells without her consent

A single-parent paralegal is asked to take an extra shift three times per week during which he has to organize files for another lawyer. The extra work keeps him away from his son, and leaves him unable to keep up with the housework. He is experiencing: a. Role conflict b. Ascribed status c. Role strain d. Achieved status

a. Role conflict

________ is the physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics such as height and muscularity. a. Sex b. Gender Identity c. Gender d. Heterosexism

a. Sex

Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? a. Structural Functionalism b. Symbolic Interactionism c. Conflict Theory d. Cyberfeminism

a. Structural Functionalism

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. a. Structural Functionalists b. Conflict Theorists c. Symbolic Interactionists d. Social Individualists

a. Structural Functionalists

Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Positivism c. Conflict theory d. Structural functionalism

a. Symbolic interactionism

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)? a. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse. b. Most people do not know what IPV is. c. IPV almost never happens, so it is difficult to locate and predict. d. IPV is not taken seriously by the court system.

a. The victims of IPV do not report the abuse.

How do traditional models of global stratification breakdown different categories of countries? a. They analyze the degree of industrialization. b. They use measures to assess the economic power of each nation. c. They evaluate cultural norms and social goals. d. They measure social mobility between classes.

a. They analyze the degree of industrialization.

Peer groups are important to adolescents because: a. They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents. b. They help exert dependence among adolescents. c. They rank higher in importance to adolescents' than parental influence. d. They provide the second major socialization experience outside the realm of their families.

a. They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents.

Ethnicity is defined as: a. a term that describes shared culture—the practices, values, and beliefs of a group. b. the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. c. suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes. d. consists of actions against a group of people, can be based on age, religion, health, and other indicators.

a. a term that describes shared culture—the practices, values, and beliefs of a group.

Immanuel Wallerstein's classification of nations uses which set of terms? a. core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation b. primary nation, secondary nation, tertiary nation c. super powers, allies of super powers, enemies of super powers d. first world, second world, third world

a. core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation

The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is: a. ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community b. ethnography subjects are unaware they're being studied c. ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing d. ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups

a. ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions. a. prevented from attempting b. encouraged to train for c. often fired from d. forced into

a. prevented from attempting

A student wakes up late and realizes their sociology exam starts in five minutes. They jump into their car and speed down the road, where they are pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that they are running late, and the officer lets them off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _________. a. primary deviance b. positive deviance c. master deviance d. secondary deviance

a. primary deviance

Paco knows that women find him attractive, and he's never found it hard to get a date. But as he ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on. Paco's behavior can be best explained by the concept of ___________. a. the looking-glass self b. role performance c. habitualization d. role strain Feedback

a. the looking-glass self

The irrational fear or hatred of another culture is called: a. xenophobia b. ethnocentrism c. ethnophobia d. xenophile

a. xenophobia

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______. a. An entry test that must be passed b. A degradation ceremony c. A graduation ceremony d. An exit test that must be passed

b. A degradation ceremony

The term sexuality is defined by the text as: a. An individual's biological gender. b. A person's capacity for sexual feelings. c. An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine. d. The repressed sexual inclinations of society as a whole.

b. A person's capacity for sexual feelings.

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: a. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population. b. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results. c. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. d. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research.

b. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

Which of the following best depicts Marx's concept of alienation from the process of one's labor? a. A construction worker is laid off and takes a job at a fast food restaurant temporarily, although he has never had an interest in preparing food before. b. A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way. c. A businessman feels that he deserves a raise, but is nervous to ask his manager for one; instead, he comforts himself with the idea that hard work is its own reward. d. An associate professor is afraid that she won't be given tenure and starts spreading rumors about one of her associates to make herself look better.

b. A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught to do it that way.

From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person's socialization? a. Class b. Blood type c. Race d. Gender

b. Blood type

When a couple shares a residence but not a marriage, this is referred to as: a. Polygamy b. Cohabitation c. Relationship d. Monogamy

b. Cohabitation

______ is/are shared beliefs, values, and practices, that participants must learn. a. Values b. Culture c. Material Culture d. Beliefs

b. Culture

Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization? a. Workplace b. Family c. Mass media d. School

b. Family

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable. a. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops b. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades c. Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades d. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John

b. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers? a. Karl Marx b. Max Weber c. Émile Durkheim d. Friedrich Engels

b. Max Weber

According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is: a. No longer in existence b. Not biologically identifiable c. A product of the media d. Based only on geographic regions

b. Not biologically identifiable

Which of the following is an example of racial steering? a. Kiki being told she'll be bad at math because she is a girl. b. Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others. c. Jose's parents not allowing him to date Martha because she is of a different race. d. The Trail of Tears, when the United States government forced Native Americans to permanently leave their homes and territory.

b. Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others.

Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbor's house. She's just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities? a. Self-fulfilling prophecy b. Role conflict c. Status strain d. Status conflict

b. Role conflict

What is the difference between sex and gender? a. Sex refers to who a person is sexually attracted to, and gender refers to whom a person chooses to partner with. b. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine. c. Sex is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine, gender is biological characterization of anatomy. d. Sex refers to sexual orientation, and gender refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females.

b. Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.

Janet is invited to a theme party on campus, at which everyone is supposed to dress as their favorite video game character. She wears her normal attire -- jeans and a lightweight jacket -- and as a result not many people associate with her during the party. The host implies that Janet should leave, but doesn't demand it. Janet is experiencing: a. Ethnocentricity b. Social control c. Xenocentricism d. Formal sanction

b. Social control

Sociology is defined as the. a. Theoretical examination of life's origins. b. Systematic study of society and social interaction. c. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. d. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon.

b. Systematic study of society and social interaction.

The Davis-Moore Thesis states: a. That people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself. b. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make. c. That economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States. d. That Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.

b. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

A person's sex, as determined by their biology, does not always correspond with their gender. a. False b. True

b. True

A Society is defined as: a. a smaller cultural group within a larger culture b. a group of people who share a community and a culture c. a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms d. gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words—help people understand that world

b. a group of people who share a community and a culture

Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to. a. compare individuals to groups b. identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure c. compare the behavior of individuals from different societies d. compare one society to another

b. identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure

Author C.Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals. a. culture b. imagination c. method d. tool

b. imagination

A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a _____ society. a. matrilineal b. patrilineal c. bilateral d. matrilocal

b. patrilineal

Doing Gender is defined as: a. it assumes sexual orientation is biologically determined and unambiguous. b. people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them. c. how men and women are expected to look. d. his or her physical, mental, emotional, and sexual attraction to a particular sex (male or female).

b. people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them.

Societies practice social control to maintain ________. a. cultural deviance b. social order c. formal sanctions d. sanction labeling

b. social order

The majority of U.S. children live in: a. multigenerational households b. two-parent households c. one-parent households d. no-parent households

b. two-parent households

Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Laughter is an example of: a. ethnocentrism b. universalism c. relativism d. xenocentrism

b. universalism

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where? a. A college campus with students who are very competitive b. A neighborhood with mostly elderly citizens c. A community where neighbors don't know each other very well d. A city with a large minority population

c. A community where neighbors don't know each other very well

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group? a. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships. b. A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships. c. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal. d. A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.

c. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? a. A power company turning off electricity because of lack of payment b. A teacher publishing a late-submission policy c. A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class d. Someone being incarcerated because they damaged property

c. A teacher taking a cell phone from a middle school student because they would not stop playing with it in class

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other Black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________. a. Criminal mores b. An act of social control c. An act of deviance d. A social norm

c. An act of deviance

France might be classified as which kind of nation? a. Peripheral b. Semi-peripheral c. Core d. Global

c. Core

In general, which types of crime are most likely to have the most victims per act or series of acts? a. Violent crime b. International crime c. Corporate crime d. Street crime

c. Corporate crime

Arizona Senate Bill 1070, often referred to colloquially as the "papers, please" law, was aimed widely at those of: a. Middle Eastern descent b. Irish descent c. Mexican descent d. Chinese descent

c. Mexican descent

What is one difference between a more and a folkway? a. Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not b. Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not c. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not d. Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not

c. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: a. Only upper-class people can enjoy a good game of polo. b. Only lower-class people drink beer. c. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class. d. Most people do not care about social rank.

c. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: a. Insignificant; deviance within society is largely ignored. b. Instrumental; it encouraged the population to rebel. c. Necessary; it challenged people's views. d. Dangerous; it encouraged disruptive behavior.

c. Necessary; it challenged people's views.

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a. Dependent variables b. Literature review c. Participant observation d. Secondary data analysis

c. Participant observation

Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? a. None of the above b. Surveys c. Participant observation d. Quantitative data analysis

c. Participant observation

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: a. The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures. b. Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image. c. People base their images on how they think other people see them. d. Personal identity isn't influenced by outside social forces.

c. People base their images on how they think other people see them.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy: a. Clear division of labor b. Impersonality c. Personality-based promotion d. Explicit rules

c. Personality-based promotion

____________ is the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someone. a. Ethnicity b. Racial steering c. Racial Profiling d. Minority Grouping

c. Racial Profiling

Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology, it is important to remember that: a. Sociologists try to keep the definition open so that people who walk by each other on the street are a family. b. Sociologists only consider people who live in the same household to be a family. c. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other. d. Sociologists only consider traditional marriage as a requirement to be a family.

c. Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.

The McDonalidization of Society refers to: a. The increasing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths. b. The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United States. c. The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions. d. The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal.

c. The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.

Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving? a. Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education. b. Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks. c. Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment. d. Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules.

c. Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.

To a conflict theorist, marriage and families are fascinating because: a. All teenagers always fight with their parents. b. No one ever gets what they want, so everyone compromises. c. Within the family are social standings and power struggles d. All married men and women fight every single day of their lives.

c. Within the family are social standings and power struggles

Berger describes sociologists as concerned with. a. monumental moments in people's lives b. common everyday life events c. both a and b d. none of the above

c. both a and b

Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled a. relative poverty b. debt bondage c. chattel slavery d. peonage

c. chattel slavery

What did Kenneth and Mamie Clark used in their experiment on the harmful effects of segregation? a. adults and pets b. children and dogs c. children and dolls d. adults and dolls

c. children and dolls

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave. a. sexual attitudes b. gender bias c. gender role d. sexual orientation

c. gender role

A family of Orientation is defined as: a. the tracing of kinship through one parent only b. the tracing of kinship through both parents c. the family into which a person is born d. the family that is formed through marriage

c. the family into which a person is born

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as: a. A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely. b. The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation. c. The authoritarian devalue of an employee. d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

Reliability is defined by the text as: a. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. b. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. c. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

A cultural universal is: a. An object or a belonging of a group b. A written document outlining appropriate behavior c. The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society d. A pattern or trait common to all societies

d. A pattern or trait common to all societies

The concept anomie can be defined as: a. A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests. b. How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group. c. When one or more of an individual's roles clash. d. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

d. A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group? a. Creoles in New Orleans b. White people in Brazil c. Jewish people in Germany d. Black people under apartheid in South Africa

d. Black people under apartheid in South Africa

Which materials are considered secondary data? a. Information that you have gathered and now have included in your results b. Responses from participants whom you both surveyed and interviewed c. Photos and letters given to you by another person d. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies

d. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility? a. Meritocracy b. Monarchy c. Caste d. Class

d. Class

Durkheim defined ______ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. a. The iron cage b. Bourgeoisie c. Anomie d. Collective conscience

d. Collective conscience

Which of the following is an example of corporate crime? a. Assault b. Burglary c. Larceny d. Embezzlement

d. Embezzlement

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________. a. Subjective poverty b. Marginal poverty c. Relative poverty d. Extreme poverty

d. Extreme poverty

Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle? a. Emile Comte b. Plato c. Herbert Spencer d. Karl Marx

d. Karl Marx

Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? a. American Sociological Association (ASA) b. Peter Rossi c. Institutional Review Board (IRB) d. Max Weber

d. Max Weber

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South? a. Brown v. Board of Education b. De jure c. Jim Crow d. Separate but equal

d. Separate but equal

Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender: a. Indifference b. Bending c. Stratification d. Socialization

d. Socialization

Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society? a. Coal miner b. Sharecropper c. Children's book author d. Software engineer

d. Software engineer

Corporal Punishment is another way of saying: a. Life in prison b. White Collar Crime c. The death penalty d. Spanking

d. Spanking

Which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the model minority? a. The Hispanic American community b. The Arab American community c. The African American community d. The Asian American community

d. The Asian American community

Biological determinism is: a. The prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another b. An extreme or irrational aversion to people of a different sexual orientation c. An individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine d. The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

d. The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this? a. The offender has returned to their old neighborhood and so reestablished their former habits. b. The offender has lost the social bonds they made in prison and feels disconnected from society. c. The offender is poor and responding to the different cultural values that exist in their community. d. The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.

d. The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers: a. have to put forth self-effort to get ahead b. move from one geographical location to another c. must labor alone, without companionship d. do not feel connected to their work or to one another

d. do not feel connected to their work or to one another

Transgender people are: a. people who feel an attraction to others of a different gender b. those who dress differently from the way that people expect c. people who perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them. d. individuals who identify with the gender that is the different from their sex assigned at birth.

d. individuals who identify with the gender that is the different from their sex assigned at birth.

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor. a. separate but equal b. Statue of Liberty c. salad bowl d. melting pot

d. melting pot

Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method. a. nonconfrontive b. nonrestrictive c. nonparticipatory d. nonreactive

d. nonreactive

The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ___________, otherwise known as encouraging social conformity. a. mores b. values c. sanctions d. social control

d. social control