SOC 1010 Chapter 4: Socialization, Interaction, and the Self

The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by ___(1), while role conflict is about competing demands imposed by ___(2). A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first is experiencing role ___(3). A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child is experiencing role ___(4).

1. a single status 2. different statuses 3. strain 4. conflict

The story of Sister Pauline Quinn and the prisoners who train dogs is an example of which sociological concepts?

-total institutions -resocialization -achieved status

Match each term to the appropriate role scenario. Role Exit:

A straight-A student decides to quit her sorority to focus on her grades.

Classify each item as either an achieved or embodied status.

ACHIEVED: doctor, an ex-convict, college graduate EMBODIED: blind, paraplegic

Genie, the child who was deprived of practically all social interaction, eventually recovered to live a normal life complete with language and social awareness of her surroundings.

FALSE

Match each term to the appropriate role scenario. Role:

Fraternity and sorority members are required to devote a significant amount of time to social events and community service each semester.

The textbook's example of young girls with eating disorders in Fiji in the late 1990s conveys the strong influence of which agent of socialization?

Mass Media

What is the definition of "socialization"?

The process through which individuals fit into a society and internalize its values, beliefs, and norms, and learn to function as its members.

Status:

a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations

Role Strain:

experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role

Role Conflict:

experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations

Arlie Hochschild's 1983 research on emotion work focused on people in two professions: bill collectors and ___________.

flight attendants

Embodied Status:

status generated by physical characteristics

Role:

the set of behaviors expected of someone because of his or her status

Socialization is a twofold process occurring at both the social and individual levels that accomplish two main goals. First, it teaches members the skills necessary to satisfy basic human needs and to defend themselves against danger, thus ensuring that society itself will continue to exist. Second, socialization teaches individuals the norms, values, and beliefs associated with their culture and provides ways to ensure that members adhere to their shared way of life. Identify each scenario as accomplishing the FIRST goal of socialization, as discussed in the textbook.

1. Parents teach children how to eat food. 2. Schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves.

Socialization is a twofold process occurring at both the social and individual levels that accomplish two main goals. First, it teaches members the skills necessary to satisfy basic human needs and to defend themselves against danger, thus ensuring that society itself will continue to exist. Second, socialization teaches individuals the norms, values, and beliefs associated with their culture and provides ways to ensure that members adhere to their shared way of life. Identify each scenario as accomplishing the SECOND goal of socialization, as discussed in the textbook.

1. Peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish and desirable. 2. Schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected.

Which of the following are examples of socialization?

-A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table. -Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke. -A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone. NOT: A passenger sits down on a subway car.

Which statements accurately describe why the family is such an important agent of socialization?

-Families create early emotional and social bonds. -Families teach us about gender roles.

Based on scientific evidence about social isolation and lack of socialization, which of the following outcomes are likely for a child who is deprived of contact with agents of socialization?

-The child will not learn how to communicate through language with others. -The child will be unable to relate to other humans.

Public schools in the United States opened in the _____ (1) and attendance was ____(2). Beyond the original goals of schooling, such as educating citizens and ____(3), schools now have greater roles, which include physical education and discipline.

1. 1800's 2. uneven 3. maintaining democracy

Match each term to the appropriate role scenario. Role Conflict:

A straight-A student who spent most of her time studying in high school joins a sorority and faces increased pressure to spend less time studying.

Match each example to one of Sigmund Freud's interrelated systems of the mind.

ID: Mark eats a whole pint of chocolate double fudge ice cream because he wants it. EGO: Justine wants to copy her roommate's homework but is afraid her roommate will catch her. SUPEREGO: Ed has the opportunity to cheat on his wife but chooses not to because he knows it will hurt her and possibly destroy their marriage.

What, in a nutshell, does the dramaturgical theory of society say about human life?

Life is essentially a play

Consider how changes in the importance of different agents of socialization might occur over time within a society. For each of the major agents of socialization, decide whether it is more or less important to adolescents now than it was in the late 1800s.

MORE: the mass media, schools, & peers LESS: family

Which of the following statements captures a major point Sherry Turkle makes about communication in her latest book, Reclaiming Conversation?

Online communication reduces our ability to conduct meaningful face-to-face communication.

Social media has the potential to increase the number of points of view we are exposed to and socialize us in ways never conceived of before. Someone who has been influenced and "pieced together" through whatever sources available, is an example of which of the following sociological concepts?

Saturated Self

Which of the following terms apply to this scenario? An employee works to appease customers and appears as if he cares but in reality does not feel the emotions he's expressing.

Surface Acting

On which side of the nature versus nurture debate do sociologists generally land?

They focus on NURTURE

Achieved Status:

a status earned through individual effort or imposed by others

Master Status:

a status that is always relevant and affects all other statuses we possess

Ascribed Status:

a status that is inborn; usually difficult or impossible to change

Which of the following are examples of role-taking emotions?

-You feel sadness for your friend who has just lost her mother to cancer. -You feel embarrassed that you forgot your brother's birthday.

Which of the following scenarios are violations of feeling rules in the United States?

-laughing and expressing joy at a funeral -snorting and expressing disgust at the bride's dress at a wedding

Someone who believes that humans do not have much free will and are deeply constrained by the social circumstances and system they are born into is not a big believer in which sociological concept?

Agency

The process of ____ is when adults go through a major life change, such as marriage, that requires learning new norms and values. Other examples might include total institutions, as researched by Erving Goffman in 1961.

Resocialization

Place the following items related to the development of and controversies related to sociobiology in order from FIRST to LAST.

1. Edward O. Wilson's Sociobiology: The New Synthesis is published. 2. Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life is published. 3. The Human Genome Project maps all of the genes constituting human DNA. 4. Harvard University president Larry Summers suggests genetic gender differences explain fewer women in science and engineering.

Classify each item as either "expressions given" or "expressions given off" according to Goffman.

GIVEN: saying "good job" to a teammate GIVEN OFF: a raise of an eyebrow, a shrug of the shoulders, or a thumbs up

Pablo comes from a low-income family, but worked hard in school and earned a full scholarship to Stanford University. Pablo is worried that his peers and professors will recognize his background and treat him differently so he wears new clothes and attempts to hide his accent on the first day of classes. When Pablo goes home for the weekend, he leaves his new clothes behind in his dorm and does not mask his accent. Which of the following sociological concepts best explains Pablo's behavior and interactions with others?

Impression Management

Classify each statement as supporting either the nature or nurture side of the nature versus nurture debate.

NATURE: By adulthood, the IQs of adopted siblings are no more similar to one another than to those of strangers. High levels of testosterone contribute to stereotypically masculine traits such as aggressiveness and competitiveness. NURTURE: At the age of 12 months, both boys and girls prefer dolls over cars. Facing a competitive challenge causes testosterone levels to rise.

Which of the following describes a situation with copresence?

Having coffee with your mom

If adolescents share ___________ with others, they are most likely to form peer subcultures with them.

Interests

Louwanda Evans's book on emotional labor and flight attendants adds which dimension to Arlie Hochschild's original conception of emotional labor?

Race

The story of Christopher Knight is an example of which sociological concept?

Social Isolation

Works of fiction such as Tarzan of the Apes and The Jungle Book are retellings of myths about feral children. These stories highlight the sociological concept of _______, but some real-world examples of kidnapping and abuse are no myth.

Social Isolation

Justine never really thought of herself as a funny person, but her new friends always tell her she's very funny. Justine has started telling more jokes to her friends and recently signed up for improv comedy classes. Which of the following sociological concepts best explains Justine's interactions with her friends and beliefs about herself?

The Looking-Glass Self

Identify the main agents of socialization.

The family, schools, the mass media, and peers NOT churches, hospitals or businesses