SOC 1305 Exam 1

Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology? Auguste Comte Karl Marx Max Weber Émile Durkheim

Auguste Comte

With which of the following would Durkheim agree? A. Suicide rates will probably decline as more people convert to Protestantism. B. Protestantism is more individualistic than Catholicism. C. Catholic countries tend to be more developed than Protestant countries. D. Catholicism suffers from a lack of strong authoritative figures.

B

Additional Readings Group 1: According to Western, what is the racial composition of people in jails and prisons? A. They are primarily poor people, with equal numbers of Blacks, Latinos, Asians, and Caucasians. B. Caucasians represent more than half the prison population, although incarceration rates are higher among Black men. C. Blacks and Latinos make up more than half the prison population. D. Most of the prison population is Black and Caucasian, with very few Latinos or Asians.

C

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______. Experiment Case study Data analysis Overview

Case Study

Which of the following is discussed as a difference between social researchers and journalists? A. Social researchers collect more data than they can report on, but journalists do not. B. Journalists collect more data than they can report on, but social researchers do not. C. Journalists are more likely than social researchers to emphasize the technical aspects of their research. D. Social researchers are more likely than journalists to emphasize the theoretical aspects of their research.

D

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics? A. To guarantee the safety of their participants B. To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology C. To maintain value neutrality D. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

D

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. Conflict theorist Structural functionalist Symbolic interactionist Feminist conflict theorist

Symbolic interactionist

Additional Readings Group 1: Mills asserts that human nature... Cannot be studied by social scientists Takes different forms according to a historical epoch Varies according to gender Varies according to personality

Takes different forms according to a historical epoch

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function. latent; manifest manifest; manifest manifest; latent latent; latent

maifest; latent

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit? Karl Marx Max Weber Herbert Spencer Émile Durkheim

Émile Durkheim

Additional Readings Group 1: Why are today's forms of quarantine "inverted"? A. Instead of containing people at risk, people are containing themselves from risks. B. Instead of separating themselves from hazards, people demand corporate responsibility. C. Instead of worrying about individual health, people worry about the health of the planet. D. Instead of reacting to hazards with fear, people react to hazards with anger.

A

Additional Readings Group 2: According to Best, which of the following is true? A. A coroner is able to shape statistical reports but a police official is not. B. A police official is able to shape official statistical reports but a coroner is not. C. Activists use statistics to further their agendas but governmental organizations do not. D. Activists use statistics to further their agendas and so do governmental organizations.

A

What is NOT true of social problems? A. It takes many years for a "social issue" to become a "social problem." B. Statistics are used to demonstrate the extent of a social problem. C. Only some social issues are brought to public attention. D. All social problems are socially constructed.

A

What is the importance of interpretive framework? A. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. B. It eliminates the need for a literature review. C. It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships. D. It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.

A

Which of the following is true? A. Durkheim noted that Protestant countries have higher rates of suicide than Catholic ones. B. Durkheim thought suicide could not be understood by researching societies within a single country. C. Durkheim was motivated to study suicide because he felt a moral responsibility to prevent it. D. Durkheim concluded there is no relationship between religion and suicide rates.

A

Additional Readings Group 1: A benefit of the sociological imagination is its ability to... A. Prevent divorce B. Make sense of how individuals are affected by societal changes C. Encourage communist nations to adopt capitalist practices D. Prove that success is the result of "mind over matter"

B

The term interpretive framework can be defined as: A. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study B. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. C. An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. D. A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results.

B

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between social researchers and journalists? A. Both are likely to pursue special topical areas such as economics or women's issues. B. Both are usually writing with the assumption that their audience consists of peers. C. Both try to ensure their findings are valid. D. None of the options are similarities between social researchers and journalists.

B

Reliability is defined by the text as: A. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. B. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. C. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced. D. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure.

C

Which of the following lends support to the idea that statistics are socially produced? A. Some statistical reports use random number generators. B. Children learn multiplication before they learn division. C. Individuals make decisions about how to define social events. D. All of the options are correct.

C

Additional Readings Group 1: An example of a public issue would be... A brawl at the local tavern Failure to seek employment Child labor All of the options are public issues

Child labor

Additional Readings Group 1: Which is an element of inverted quarantine? Tighter regulations Containment Retribution Consciousness-raising campaigns

Containment

"Innumeracy" refers to: A. Using statistics to further political agendas B. Underestimating the magnitude of a social problem C. A lack of consensus about statistical outcomes D. A lack of knowledge about mathematical concepts

D

Rather than accepting statistics at face value, which questions should we ask? Who created this statistic? Why was this statistic created? How was this statistic created? D. We should ask all of the questions listed.

D

Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____. Experiment Secondary data analysis Ethnography Case study

Ethnography

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method? Surveys Secondary data analysis Field research Experiments

Field research

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent Methodically predict situational outcomes Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________. The Hawthorne Effect The Authority Effect The Cognizant Effect The Regressive Effect

Hawthorne

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. The theory that man evolved slowly over time. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

Qualitative sociology can be defined as: In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data. Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming. Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences. Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.

In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. Durkheim; Communism Max Weber; Positivism Karl Marx; Communism Comte; Antipositivism

Karl Marx; Communism

Ultimately, Durkheim reasons that suicide is the result of Catholicism Protestantism Lack of social integration Lack of freedom from social structures

Lack of social integration

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. Qualitative Quantitative

Quantitative

Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____. Validity Literacy Reliability Interpretation

Reliability

Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct? A survey Field research An experiment Secondary data analysis

Secondary data analysis

Additional Readings Group 1: According to Western, in what ways is the U.S. prison system uniquely discriminatory? Men between the ages of 35 and 45 are incarcerated at higher rates than other age groups. People incarcerated for illegal drug use usually serve sentences of 5 or more years. The U.S. incarcerates a larger percentage of the population than any industrialized nation. All options are true

The U.S. incarcerates a larger percentage of the population than any industrialized nation.

Verstehen is defined by the text as: To maintain a moral conscience. To compare and contrast social facts. To understand in a deep way. To require proof of interpretation.

To understand in a deep way

Additional Readings Group 1: Szasz mentions that contemporary people tend to worry about multiple risk factors in the environment. Which is not mentioned? UV sun rays Toxic rain Pesticides Flame retardants

Toxic rain? (check)