Soc 151 Exam 3

_________, the feeling of being adrift that arises from the disparity between goals and means, may vary with nationality, ethnic background, bias, religion, and other social characteristics.

Anomie

Eddie is living with a woman who is an alcoholic. He is in a relationship pattern in which he assumes the responsibility for meeting his girlfriend's needs related to her alcoholism, often to the detriment of his own needs. This relationship pattern is called ________.

Codependency

The theme of "technology run amok" appears frequently in movies, books, and other fictional works that are often based on real possibilities for future problems. What do most sociologists say to the idea that technology is now autonomous and controls humans?

Most sociologists see technology as autonomous.

A complex phenomenon that involves the drug users physical and psychological dependence, the type of drug, and the amount and frequency of use is called ________

addiction

Sociologically, a drug denotes any chemical substance that __________

affects physiological functions, mood, perception, or consciousness, has the potential for misuse, and may be harmful to the user or to society

in the twentieth century, Lombroso's biological theories of crime __________

are largely discredited and replaced with sociological theories

Dr. Crayton is a scientist who studies the changes that are happening to our planet. These changes include rising sea levels; shrinking mountain glaciers; accelerating ice melt in Greenland, Antarctica, and the Arctic; and shifts in plant blooming times. She studies

climate change

The __________ refers to the number of births per 1,000 in the population.

crude birth rate

In the United States in the late nineteenth century, new industrial technology contributed to a rise in industrial accidents, but social welfare legislation to aid those injured did not yet exist. This illustrates __________.

cultural lag

According to the Uniform Crime Reports of the FBI, the number of violent crimes is _______ and the number of property crimes is _________ over recent years

decreasing; increasing

Many countries have passed through a three-stage process wherein each stage has a different population growth rate. The population aspects of this process are called the __________.

demographic transition

Professor Lubinski has been studying criminal behavior for many years. She believes that criminal behavior is a result of a learning process that occurs chiefly within small, intimate groups—family, friends, neighborhood peer groups, and the like. The lessons learned include both the techniques for committing crimes and, more important, the motives for criminal behavior. What explanation is Professor Lubinski referring to?

differential association

In 2012, the Secretary of Homeland Security announced that certain unauthorized immigrants who entered the United States as children would be able to apply for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) program, granting relief from deportation and work authorization for two years. Prospective beneficiaries have to meet a series of requirements. Which is NOT one of these requirements?

entered the United States before the age of 22

Which of the following is NOT a concept that is basic to understanding environmental stress, according to the text?

growth

Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to serve as example of social control?

humor

What perspective in sociology would tend to see criminality as a way that disadvantaged people act out their rebellion against society?

interactionaist

Official arrest rate data show that lower socioeconomic status group members are more likely to be involved in crimes. An important reason for this appears to be that __________

police are assigned to lower-income communities in greater numbers, so there is a tendency for police records to show higher crime rates for those communities

According to the text, accelerated technological and scientific change and rapid population growth are causing what to occur in the world?

pollution and depletion of the natural environment as never before

Parker takes Oxycontin for his back pain on a regular basis. He is starting to take it more frequently than suggested by his doctor and looks for ways to purchase it without his doctor or pharmacist knowing about it. Parker may be addicted to __________.

prescription drugs

The text points out that solid-waste dump sites are often located near low-income neighborhoods on the outskirts of metropolitan regions or in rural areas. This practice has been referred to as environmental __________.

racism/justice

Jayna was convicted of shoplifting and was sentenced to 48 hours in jail. However, one month after being released, she was arrested for shoplifting again. Her repeated offense is called __________

recidivism

The Federal Bureau of Investigation's reporting of statistics on crime is based on __________.

reports provided by local police departments

You are sitting on an airplane next to a woman and strike up a conversation. She tells you that she is a recent immigrant to the United States. Given what you know about recent immigrants and their immigration, which of the following is likely to be FALSE?

she lives alone

Environmental stress involves the interaction of three systems: the natural environment, the technological system, and the __________ system.

social

The __________ aspect of drug use refers to how people perceive the consequences of drug use, and how their perceptions result in social action with regard to drug use.

subjective

Advances in technology can have both positive and negative impacts. The text refers to this as __________.

technological dualism

Poor families, those with less education, and older people are more likely to be among those Americans who do not have access to the Internet. This gap is referred to as __________.

the digital divide

Criminologists generally like Victimization Reports because __________.

they are easier to interpret than other crime reports

Those who risk their reputations, livelihood, and sometimes their lives, in order to reveal dangers in technology or the use of technology, are known as __________

whistleblowers

According to the text, the world's population in late 2015 is approximately __________

7.3 billion