SOC 222 Ch. 5 InQuizitive

Some feminist theorists use -, a perspective inspired by Freud, to analyze gender inequality in the home. According to this approach, boys - their mothers while girls - their mothers, setting the stage for establishing - between men and women.

psychoanalytic theory - reject - emulate - wide differences

Differences between men and women are only partly based in -. The social construction of - differences also matters; for example, while the idea of men and women as - sexes arose in the United States and Europe along with the advent of separate spheres, women in African societies are often expected to do difficult - work.

biology - gender - opposite - manual

Women's weekly earnings are what percentage of men's weekly earnings?

81%

According to the textbook, which of the following statements about androgynous parenting are accurate?

Accurate statements: Parents intentionally offer their children non-gendered activities, toys, and clothing. Before the twentieth century, parents routinely dressed young children alike, without regard to gender.

Identify the examples of gender socialization.

Examples: Christopher knows that he is expected to have a strong handshake when meeting a job recruiter. Alexandra is reprimanded for being too loud and told to act "like a lady." Tiffany teases her friend Patrick about wearing pink to school.

What methods have parents used to select the sex of their children?

Methods: selective abortions in vitro fertilization

What is an example of a way in which an elementary school teacher might engage in gender socialization in schools?

by reprimanding a girl for playing on the jungle gym because she is wearing a dress

Social processes often exaggerate sex differences between men and women. For example, popular images often show men as - than women, and some men and women even use - to enhance this image of -.

exaggerate - larger - plastic surgery - difference

If asked to select the boy between these two babies, which baby would someone living in 1915 have chosen?

The picture of the baby in pink

Watch the "Story Behind the Numbers" infographic for Chapter 5. Then sort the following occupations in order from least to most female dominated.

electricians - construction managers - postsecondary teachers - financial managers - registered nurses

Research has found that there is less of a gap between boys' and girls' math test scores in countries that have greater -. This suggests that even if there is a(n) - basis to math differences between boys and girls, most differences are due to - factors.

gender equality - genetic - social

Gender socialization is the process by which individuals - gender norms and incorporate them into their -. This process can be difficult to identify because it occurs through both learning and -, but it is often expressed as a(n) - part of one's identity.

internalize - personality - observation - natural

People internalize elements of gender through multiple levels of social context. Select the sections of bolded text that represent the local context.

playing with friends books read by his preschool teachers

In general, throughout history and across cultures, parents have usually favored having female children over having male children.

False

In a story from the textbook, a woman recalled, "In 1969 I even started to wear trousers to work (as a social worker). At the time this was certainly frowned on, yet two years later social workers were roaming the inner city in torn jeans, gym shoes and bra-less T-shirts." What concept does this story exemplify?

Gender roles change over time and across place.

Identify each sibling trait that influences gender socialization within the family.

Influential Traits: the gender composition of siblings the level of responsibility a child has for taking care of his or her siblings

Read this blog post on the marriage market. Based on what you read, what pieces of evidence does the author offer to suggest that there has been a "stall" in the gender revolution?

Piece(s) of evidence: There has been little recent change in the percentage of Americans who say they prefer a male boss. There has been little recent change in the percentage of women in managerial positions.

Egan and Perry (2001) studied patterns in boys' and girls' activities by asking children to describe how well they do various activities. What conclusions can the authors reasonably draw from this study?

Reasonable Conclusions: There is considerable overlap between what boys and girls consider themselves good at. Girls and boys rate themselves as being good at different types of activities. Boys typical activities are more physically active than girls.

Identify the reasons offered for why women have surpassed men in getting a college education.

Reasons: Girls may be naturally better at school than boys. Parents now invest in both daughters and sons at the same level.

Identify each reason some Muslim feminists give for wearing the hijab (a type of veil).

Reasons: The hijab shields women from the male gaze. The hijab provides an identifiable critique of Western consumerism.

What reasons explain why young Black men in poor neighborhoods have lower high school graduation rates than young Black women in those same neighborhoods?

Reasons: Young Black men are not as highly monitored by their parents. Young Black men have less supportive social networks.

Which of the following arguments are representative of feminist theory?

Representative Argument(s) Gendered experiences of family life are shaped by race/ethnicity and social class. Gender inequality is pervasive within family life. Social interactions reinforce gender differences between men and women.

How do sociologists working from the biological perspective seek to understand human behavior?

They apply the understandings of the biological underpinnings of sex differences to common family traits and practices today.

When babies are born, they are identified by their - as male or female. As they grow, most children come to - this identification. Regardless of whether they do, once old enough, children will express their - through their -.

sex - internalize - gender identity - gender expression