SOC 281 EXAM 1

2. The most significant recent change in how the U.S. Census measures race is: The requirement to provide proof of racial identity The omission of the category "Latino" The option to check more than one category The requirement that each person fill out their own form

The option to check more than one category

What are the advantages of surveys, in-depth interviews, and time-use studies? Why would sociologists choose one method over another to study families?

- Surveys reach a wide range of participants with a set group of questions - In- depth interviews have no set group of questions, and are personal to each participant - Time-use gage the basic info on how people spend their time Sociologists might use IDI over the other methods, because they offer the most specific and personal results for each family

4. An ethnicity is a group of people with: Shared physical characteristics Shared wealth and land A common skin color A common cultural identification

A common cultural identification

9. One difficulty of studying families is identifying whether something causes something else. In many cases, two things may occur together (such as the use of nightlights and nearsightedness), but one may not cause the other. The process by which social scientists establish an association between two phenomena is known as ___________. Relational association Bias Longitudinal Correlation

Correlation

7. Classify the following as a cause or an effect of the kind of segregation pictured here, in Milwaukee. a) Social isolation: ________ b) Neighborhood poverty: _______ c) Preferential treatment of Whites in mortgage lending: _______ d) Redlining: ________

Social isolation: effect Poverty: effect Mortgage lending: cause Redlining: cause

6. Because the Moynihan Report attributed ongoing racial inequality to characteristics of Black family life, it was criticized for Not addressing the phenomenon of informal or common-law marriages Placing too much emphasis on traditions from Africa Taking too much of a feminist approach "Blaming the victim" and contributing to racist stereotypes

Blaming the victim" and contributing to racist stereotypes

1. Which of the following is an important broad historic trend impacting the character of American family life? Decreased longevity Families performing fewer functional tasks at home Increased family size Decline of the two-parent nuclear family

Decline of the two-parent nuclear family

5. How do the concepts of race and ethnicity differ? Ethnic identities reflect perceptions about biological traits Ethnic identities focus on cultural traits and are sometimes voluntary Ethnic identities are measured by the U.S. Census Bureau, which does not measure race Ethnic identities cannot change over the course of a lifetime the way racial identities can

Ethnic identities focus on cultural traits and are sometimes voluntary

3. Most social science research supports the argument that elements of the Black family structure today, such as matriarchal households and children raised by extended family members, are inherited from African traditions. True False

False

In general, throughout history and across cultures, parents have usually favored having female children over having male children. True False

False

The percentage of teens having sex has increased in recent decades. True False

False

A person's sexual identity: Is never a source of anxiety Develops as children start to interact with others Is assigned to all children at birth Will have little impact on one's future relationships

Is assigned to all children at birth

Which of the following has contributed to a modern culture that is more accepting of sexual activity? Modern birth control Increasing religious beliefs Rejection of premarital sex Increased parental supervision

Modern birth control

2. The pervasive element of European and American society in which men controlled all property and had control over women and children is called: Sexism Matriarchy Patriarchy Traditional society

Patriarchy

3. Which of the following is an example of a family tie formed by legal recognition? A family friend whom children refer to as "auntie" Two adults living together People who are married Coworkers who see one another daily

People who are married

2. Families are groups of related people, bound by _________________. Their interest in genealogy Biological, legal and emotional connections Birth, marriage or adoption only Experiencing an event together at the same time

Biological, legal and emotional connections

What is an example of a way in which an elementary school teacher might engage in gender socialization in schools? By reading a book about a mother penguin and her son By calling on girls and boys in equal numbers, when possible By reminding the students not to rip or stain their clothing on the playground By reprimanding a girl for playing on the jungle gym because she is wearing a dress

By reprimanding a girl for playing on the jungle gym because she is wearing a dress

6. Some __________ theorists argue that the unpaid work historically done by women (cooking, cleaning, and raising children) helps men while the financial support that employed husbands provide helps women. This system keeps the family in balance. Consensus or Structural Functionalist Feminist Conflict Symbolic interactionist

Consensus or Structural Functionalist

6. In the late twentieth century, cultural changes in the meaning of and motivation for marriage evolved in what way? Economic pressure to stay married increased Emotional success became central to marriage success Choosing to remain single was increasingly discouraged Endogamy was strengthened

Emotional success became central to marriage success

5. What is the difference between facts and theory in the study of the family? Facts are used to describe contemporary families, whereas theory is used to describe historical changes in family life. Sociologists explain family life using facts, whereas theory is more fanciful. Facts provide information about family life, whereas theory is a way to explain how those facts influence one another. "Theory" is the term for a narrow set of facts.

Facts provide information about family life, whereas theory is a way to explain how those facts influence one another.

Sexuality can best be described as a: Fixed identity that does not change Fluid identity that can vary Biological identity that is predetermined Social identity based on choice

Fluid identity that can vary

Which of the following concepts is illustrated by parents purchasing mostly pink items for their daughters? Gender identity Gender socialization Gender expression Sex preference

Gender Socialization

Sex and gender are different in that: Sex cannot tell us much about one's genes, but gender can Gender reminds us that males and females are biological opposites Sex is the more useful of the two terms Gender refers to the social role based on one's categorical sex

Gender refers to the social role based on one's categorical sex

3. A young White man named Todd marries his long-time Black girlfriend Ayodele. What are they practicing? Heterogamy Homogamy Dowry Courtship

Heterogamy

Compare the historical scientific attitude regarding homosexuality with the current understanding.

Historical scientific attitude regarding homosexuality has increased due to higher education, decrease in the amount of religious attendance, and support for civil rights. In the 1950s approximately 70% of Americans in a survey held a negative view of homosexuality and believed they were more harmful to society. Where as now in America we finally have same sex marriage legal and people are far more likely to come out and feel accepted

John chose a new seat on the opposite side of the room after his classmate came out during a lecture on sexual orientation. This illustrates: Heterosexism Stigmatization Homophobia Antipathy

Homophobia

Teen sex is described as being more male-oriented because It involves mutual orgasm Males are more likely to perform oral sex Females are equally likely to initiate sex Males receive greater social rewards

Males receive greater social rewards

1. Because the word family means different things to different people, the textbook provides a broad definition of families as groups of people who are bound by the following types of connections, except one. Pick the one that does not apply? Obligatory Biological Legal Emotional

Obligatory

Compare and contrast the concepts of race and ethnicity.

Race: refers to a person's physical characteristics, such as bone structure and skin, hair, or eye color Ethnicity: refers to cultural factors, including nationality, regional culture, ancestry, and language. Your race is determined by how you look while your ethnicity is determined based on the social and cultural groups you belong to. You can have more than one ethnicities but you are said to have one race, even if it's "mixed race".

1. One important modern principle used in almost all data collection about race and ethnicity involves: Genetic testing Social media Requiring proof Self-identification

Self-identification

The term for the biological category of male and female, based on anatomy and physiology, is: Sex selection Gender Sex Gender expression

Sex

Which of the following is true about the HPV vaccine? Medical research suggests that the vaccine leads to an increased risk of cervical cancer. Many parents oppose the vaccine because there has not been adequate research to show its safety. The vaccine has been shown to cause significant weight gain in adolescent girls. Some parents object to the vaccine on the unfounded idea that a sex-related vaccine will encourage sexual activity

Some parents object to the vaccine on the unfounded idea that a sex-related vaccine will encourage sexual activity

7. What theoretical perspective revolves around people's ability to enact social roles based on the expectations of others? Conflict Feminism Modernity Symbolic interaction

Symbolic interaction

People 'do gender' when they enact the social roles that conform to the common expectations for their sex." This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender? Biological Feminist Masculine Symbolic interactionist

Symbolic interactionist

When it comes to biological sex differences: The differences are so significant that males and females rarely act the same Research has shown that all women are physically weaker than men The differences between humans are small when compared with other species The differences matter little in the way that people are treated

The differences between humans are small when compared with other species

5. Which of the following supports the idea that the institution of marriage remains very important in U.S. society? The decline of polygamy in the U.S. The fight for access to marriage by gays and lesbians The cultural doctrine of separate spheres The increase in women's paid work

The fight for access to marriage by gays and lesbians

Evaluate the myths and realities of the idealized "traditional" nuclear family in U.S. history.

Traditional nuclear families where built of a husband, a wife, and a child. They were thought to be the happiest and healthiest compound, however they really thrived on stereotypical gender roles and dissatisfaction in the emotional department. Nuclear families were really successful and "ideal" on paper.

8. A cohort is a group of people who experience an event together at the same time. True False

True

4. What argument does the author make about this figure? When parents are given greater freedom to name their children, they choose more diverse names Parents today are more conformist than they used to be There are fewer names to choose from today than in the past The diversity of new child names has gotten out of hand

When parents are given greater freedom to name their children, they choose more diverse names

4. Which of the following is the sociological definition of family? A group of related people bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional The people to whom we feel related and who we expect to define us as members of their family as well A group of people that lives and eats separately from other groups The place where family matters take place

A group of related people bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional