Soc Ch 17

Which president signed the Voting Rights Act? A) Lyndon Johnson B) John F. Kennedy Jr. C) Barack Obama D) Franklin D. Roosevelt

A) Lyndon Johnson

Which nation is an absolute monarchy? A) Oman B) Great Britain C) Denmark D) Australia

A) Oman

Sociologist G. William Domhoff's Who Rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective. A) conflict theory B) symbolic interactionist C) functionalist D) feminist

A) conflict theory

representative democracy

a government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests

politics

a means of studying a nation's or group's underlying social norms as values as evidenced through its political structure and practices

power elite

a small group of powerful people who control much of a society

patrimonialism

a type of authority wherein military and administrative factions enforce the power of the master

totalitarian dictatorship

an extremely oppressive form of dictatorship in which most aspects of citizens' lives are controlled by the leader

democracy

a form of government that provides all citizens with an equal voice or vote in determining state policy

Which is not a characteristic of a democracy? A) People vote to elect officials. B) A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control. C) One goal of this type of government is to protect citizens' basic rights. D) A constitution typically outlines the foundational ideas of how this government should operate.

B) A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control.

Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change? A) Symbolic interactionism B) Functionalism C) Feminism D) Conflict theory

B) Functionalism

Which concept corresponds best to functionalism? A) Happiness B) Interdependence C) Revolution D) Symbolism

B) Interdependence

Which current world figure has the least amount of political power? A) President Barack Obama B) Queen Elizabeth II C) British Prime Minister David Cameron D) North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un

B) Queen Elizabeth II

The U.S. Supreme Court case _________________ led to the revision of voting districts to account for differences in population density. A) Roe v. Wade B) Reynolds v. Sims C) Brown v. Board of Education D) Marbury v. Madison

B) Reynolds v. Sims

The Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the Tea Party movement have the following in common: A) They sought to destroy central government. B) They are examples of conflict theory in action. C) They can only occur in a representative democracy. D) They used violence as the means of achieving their goals.

B) They are examples of conflict theory in action.

In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate? A) Dictatorial B) Traditional C) Charismatic D) Legal-rational

B) Traditional

Many constitutional monarchies started out as: A) oligarchies B) absolute monarchies C) dictatorships D) democracies

B) absolute monarchies

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader. A) traditional B) charismatic C) legal-rational D) illegitimate

B) charismatic

In the past, Southern states discouraged African Americans from voting by requiring them to take a _____________________ test. A) blood B) literacy C) lie detector D) citizenship

B) literacy

A(n) _________________ is an extremely oppressive government that seeks to control all aspects of its citizens' lives. A) oligarchy B) totalitarian dictatorship C) anarchy D) absolute monarchy

B) totalitarian dictatorship

Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority? A) Authority involves intimidation. B) Authority is more subtle than power. C) Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power. D) Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.

C) Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.

Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a true democracy? A) Many politicians are corrupt. B) Special-interest groups fund political campaigns. C) Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy. D) Ancient Greece was the only true democracy.

C) Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy.

Which is not one of functionalism's four main purposes of government? A) Maintaining law and order B) social needs C) Equally distributing resources D) Planning and directing society

C) Equally distributing resources

Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history? A) Women have different leadership styles than men. B) Women are not interested in leading at all. C) Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history. D) Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of female leaders in their records.

C) Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history.

Karl Marx believed social structures evolve through: A) supply and demand B) enlightenment C) conflict D) cooperation

C) conflict

Which statement best explains the meaning of "one person, one vote"? A) One person should not be allowed to vote twice. B) A voter deserves one chance to vote. C) A voter should vote only once a year. D) All people's votes should count equally.

D) All people's votes should count equally.

Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory? A) C. Wright Mills B) G. William Domhoff C) Karl Marx D) George H. Mead

D) George H. Mead

Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator? A) David Cameron B) Barack Obama C) Qaboos bin Said Al Said D) Kim Jong-Un

D) Kim Jong-Un

Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader? A) Dictatorial B) Traditional C) Charismatic D) Legal-rational

D) Legal-rational

Which factor does not influence voting practices? A) Race B) Social class C) Ethnicity D) Voting booths

D) Voting booths

oligarchy

a form of government in which power is held by a small, elite group

one person, one vote

a concept holding that each person's vote should be counted equally

monarchy

a form of government in which a single person (a monarch) rules until that individual dies or abdicates the throne

dictatorship

a form of government in which a single person (or a very small group) wields complete and absolute authority over a government or populace after the dictator rises to power, usually through economic or military might

absolute monarchies

governments wherein a monarch has absolute or unmitigated power

constitutional monarchies

national governments that recognize monarchs but require these figures to abide by the laws of a greater constitution

charismatic authority

power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal qualities

traditional authority

power legitimized on the basis of long-standing customs

rational-legal authority

power that is legitimized by rules, regulations, and laws

authority

power that people accept because it comes from a source that is perceived as legitimate

power

the ability to exercise one's will over others

anarchy

the absence of any organized government