SOC Quiz 1

It wasn't until _______________ or so that the U.S.'s population as a whole became mostly urban.

1920

The main components that make up your score for the course include:

A- all of the above A personal biography post and response to a classmate's post Discussion posts and responses to a classmate's post Quizzes

Why are American sociologists interested in studying the urban setting?

Because the majority of Americans live in the urban environment Because the government tasked them with studying the urban setting.

Which school of thought in urban theory is based on the assumption that cities function like living organisms made up of two different levels--the biotic or symbiotic and the cultural?

Chicago School

After 1960, processes of _______________-the loss of manufacturing-and _______________-the movement of people and activities away from the large city-transformed the U.S., and a new pattern of sociospatial organization emerged.

Deindustrialization, deconcentration

Which classical urban theorist suggested social cohesion occurred in the urban setting because individuals were held together by their differences and the need for each others' specialized skills and abilities?

Emile Durkheim

When telling the story of urban places and people a researcher might use an _______________ approach which compares the stages cities in Western or developed societies appear to have moved.

Evolutionary

Alex Tocqueville's classical theorizing focused on understanding the plight of African Americans and why this particular population had such a difficult time "assimilating" into the mainstream culture of major American cities.

False

From the mid-20th century onward city economies have been increasingly dominated by production rather than consumption.

False

Many classical urban theorists held optomistic views of the growing urban environment and cities.

False

The overall shift in the balance between city and suburban population growth didn't become dramatic until after the 1980s.

False

Urban sociologists argue societies with more manufacturing tend to have fewer cities and a smaller percentage of their people living in urban areas.

False

Sociologists at the University of Chicago (Chicago School), stressed getting out in neighborhoods of the city and studying different groups of people who had come to the city. These early American sociologists used which conceptual position to study patterns of activity within cities?

Human ecology

Minority segregation has _______________ in the suburbs, even as more minorities have moved into and reduced the overall amount of residential segregation in the United States.

Increased

According to the Los Angeles School approach _______________ is used to describe the random, lotto-like patterning of the spatial structure of Los Angeles, which looks a lot different from traditional modernist cities like Chicago.

Keno Capitalism

Which classical theorist argued that in traditional societies authority was legitimated through tradition or charismatic individuals, however in the new urban environment authority was legitimated on rules and laws set in place by social institutions or legal/rational authority?

Max Weber

Between 1950 and 1980 cities in the U.S. shifted from economies dominated by manufacturing to economies that specialized in _______________.

Nodal services

During the Industrial Period, U.S. cities functioned as magnets that attracted immigrants from all over the world. Immigrant populations would move in and then out of cities to then be replaced by new immigrants, this pattern of movement is referred to as what?

Population churning

In the postindustrial period populations of developed and industrialized countries have become overwhelmingly urban and in the United States increasingly what?

Suburban

According to sociologists the fact that cities are growing more quickly in parts of the world where it is a daily challenge just to meet people's basic needs tells us something important about the appeal and staying power of this kind of human settlement.

True

By 1970, more people in the U.S. lived in suburbia than in central cities.

True

In terms of social changes taking place in cities, during the proto-industrial period the size of families (or number of family members) began to decrease and the family unit became less important as economic units and more important as a source of social support.

True

One main focus of the sociospatial approach is it considers cultural factors just as important as development and politics to understanding the urban setting.

True

Suburbs now contain more non-family households than they do married couples with children.

True

The ecological perspective remains an active and important perspective to current urban sociology.

True

The figures in Table 1.1 in the Introduction section of UPP suggest, urbanization in less developed parts of the world has unfolded far more quickly and differently than it did in Western societies.

True

The process of urbanization in the United States during the 20th century involved a massive shift in our population from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West.

True

While classical urban theory can be characterized by individual thinkers trying to describe and make sense of the urban environment, contemporary urban theory can be characterized by schools of thought trying to describe and make sense of the urban environment.

True

To be considered _______________ a place must have permanent settlements of some size where most of the inhabitants don't grow food for a living.

Urban

Cities have always been places where distinctions based on what are highly visible and important to which population was considered superior and which inferior?

Wealth, power, and prestige