Soc Sci 2 Midterms
Humunu/Homonhon
"the watering-place of good signs" because of the first traces of golds founded. Magellan named it Archipelago of St. Lazarus
Ferdinand Marcos
(1917-1989) Philippine politician; he was elected president of the Philippines in 1965, but soon became an authoritarian dictator. He imposed martial law, arrested his political opponents, and stole millions from his country's treasury.
ceylon (leyte), Zubu (cebu) and Calaghann (Calagan)
3 ports was best to get food
elections
A formal and organised choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position
Primitivo mijares
A journalist who had become a propagandist and confidant for Ferdinand Marcos. Wrote the "The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos"
new society
A leading member is Ferdinand Marcos, he ruled as a dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981
Hongkong
A place where aguinaldo agreed to exile in exchange for 400,000 pesos from the Spanish government
Honolulu, Hawaii
A place where marcoses exiled and Ferdinand marcos died because of lupus
abba
A way of addressing God the Father of natives
Php 800,000
Agreement price of philippines between Aguinaldo and Spaniards
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautistao
Aguinaldo's adviser. A lawyer and author of the Declaration of Philippine Independence. A distant relative of the Rizal family, Bautista frequently provided advice to Philippine national hero José Rizal during his school days in Manila
Amigo
American-Filipino drama film written and directed by John Sayles.The film takes place in the Philippines in 1900 during the Philippine-American War.
Rounseville Wildman
An American, was Special Commissioner of the United States for the Straits Settlements and Siam; later, as American Consul General in Hong Kong, he also spent much time traveling through the Indonesian archipelago and the Philippines, all this in the late 19th, early 20th century. His book "Tales of the Malayan Coast: From Penang to the Philippines
May 1, 1898
Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines)
August 21, 1983
Benigno Aquino Jr., a former Philippine senator, was assassinated on Sunday at the Manila International Airport
Emilio Jacinto
Brains of the Katipunan. highest-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of the revolutionary society. he was there in cry of pugad lawin with bonifacio
Ciriaco and Procopio
Brothers of Andres Bonifacio
cedula
Community Tax Certificate/pull tax/residence cert.
Julian Felipe
Composer of the Philippine National Anthem
August 26, 1896
Cry of Balintawak
Raja Humabon
Don Carlos/ King of Cebu
Feb. 24-25, 1986
EDSA "people power revolution"
march 16, 1521
Ferdinand Magellan, attempting to sail around the world for Spain, reached the Philippine archipelago. Magellan and his expedition were the first Europeans to reach the Philippines, a stop on the first circumnavigation of the globe, though Magellan's portion of that journey would soon end.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela
Filipino physician and revolutionary leader. At the age of 23, he joined the society of Katipunan, a movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution.
Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953)
Filipino politician of ethnic Ilocano descent who served as the sixth President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1953. A lawyer by profession.
Julio nalundasan
Filipino politician who was one of the political rivals of Ilocos Norte politician Mariano Marcos, father of Ferdinand Marcos. He was killed by Ferdinand Marcos
Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist, organized guerrilla and Commonwealth military leader, who was the eighth President of the Philippines. 8th President
Jose P. Laurel (1943-1945)
First President from Batangas 3rd President Puppet republic
Rodrigo Duterte (2016-2022)
First President from Mindanao First septuagenarian president. First president who won the presidential elections from the position of mayor, of the City of Davao. First president to visit Israel while in office.
Sergio Osmena Sr. (1944-1946)
First President from the Visayas. First President who assumed the Presidency upon the death of their predecessor. •4th President
Emilio Aguinaldo (1899-1901)
First President of the Philippines,officially recognized as such. First President to declare martial law (May 1898) First President to be a Freemason. First President to be a member of the military.
Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944)
First President to be a lawyer. First President to ride an aircraft while in office. First President to die while in office. •Second President
Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)
First President to be a non-Catholic First President to be a Protestant
Corazon Aquino (1986-1992)
First President to be a woman. First President to have their taking of oath administered by an Associate Justice. First President to have no previous experience in government.
Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986)
First President to be elected for a second term (1969). Longest term. Declared Martial Law
Benigno Aquino, III (2010-2016)
First President to be unmarried and childless while in office. First presidential son to become president. His mother is former president Corazon Aquino.
Joseph Estrada (1998-2001)
First President who was formerly an actor. First and only president who has undergone an impeachment trial
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010)
First presidential child to become president. Her father is former president Diosdado Macapagal.
Francisco de malabon
General trias
Juan Ponce Enrile
He was a protégé of President Ferdinand Marcos, and served as Justice Secretary and then Defense Minister under the Marcos regime. He later became one of the leaders (along with General Fidel Ramos) of the 1986 People Power Revolution that drove Marcos from power and into exile.
the watering place of good signs/acquada
Humunu/Homonhon.
Landroni/Landrones islands
In 1521, the first island Magellan reached and , called it "Isla de Ladrones" (Island of Thieves) because islanders took whatever they could from his ship as payment for the food and water they had given the crew.
Bahay toro
In August 1983, wherePugad Lawin in takes place was inhabited by squatter colonies.• The NHI believed that it was correct in looking for the house of Juan Ramos and not of Tandang Sora. However, the former residence of Juan Ramos was clearly defined.• There was an old dap-dap tree at the site when the NHI conducted its survey I 1983. Teodoro Agoncillo, Gregorio Zaide and Pio Valenzuela do not mention a dap-dap tree in their books.
edifice complex
In the Philippines, term was coined in the 1970s to describe Philippine First Lady Imelda Marcos' practice of using publicly funded construction projects as political and election propaganda.
June 12, 1898
Independence Day
Enrique de Malacca
Interpreter of Magellan and was acquired as a slave in Melaka by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who subsequently took him on the first circumnavigation of the world in 1519-22. Italian historian Antonio Pigafetta, who wrote the most comprehensive account of Magellan's voyage, named him "Henrique"
Antonio Pigafetta
Italian scholar and explorer from the Republic of Venice. He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of King Charles I of Spain and, after Magellan's death in the Philippines, the subsequent voyage around the world. Wrote the account of Magellan's circumnavigation
Katipunan (KKK)
Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, also known as Katipunan or KKK, was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish colonialism Filipinos in Manila in 1892; its primary goal was to gain independence from Spain through a revolution
Magdalo
Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by Ilustrados of that province during the Philippine Revolution. It was named after Mary Magdalene, patroness of Kawit, Cavite. It was officially led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, but his cousin Emilio Aguinaldo was its most famous leader.
raja colambu
King of Butuan and Calagan. the good looking king
raja siaui
King of Limasawa
Gregoria de Jesus
Lakambini ng Katipunan. Bonifacio's 2nd Wife
bocasine, red caps, mirrors, combs, bells ivory
Magellan gave to the natives
porcelain jars full of raw rice, two very large orade/dorado
Magellan received from the King
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
Marcos' political opponent. the chief opposition leader during the era of martial law in the Philippines (1972-81)
Heathen peoples
Moros (Muslims)
archipelago of st. lazarus
Named by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 when he reached the islands of Homonhon in Samar (now Eastern Samar) on the feast day of Saint Lazarus of Bethany. Las islas de Poniente (Islands to the West).
Supremo
One who is highest in authority or command, as of an organization. nickname of andres bonifacio
Cilapulapu (Lapu-lapu)
Other chief of Matan who refused to obey the King Spagnia
February 1, 1899
Philippine-American War
August 20, 1519
Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, having sworn allegiance to Spain, sets sail from Seville for what will be the first successful circumnavigation of the Earth.
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, which was completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.
Butuan and Calagan (caraga)
Ruled by Raja colambu
Mazaua (Limasawa)
Ruled by Raja siaui
Trinidad, Victoria, Concepcion, Santiago and San Antonio
Ships of Ferdinand Magellan
February 7, 1986
Snap presidential Election
Gov. Primo de Riviera
Spanish colonial Governor-General. general and statesman who, as dictator of Spain from September 1923 to January 1930
Snap Presidential elections
The Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections of 1986 were held on February 7, 1986. It followed the end of martial law and brought about the People Power Revolution, the downfall of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, and the accession of Corazon C. Aquino as president.
Malolos Constitution
The Political Constitution of 1899, was the basic law of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno.
March 22, 1897
The Tejeros Convention was the meeting held between magdalo and magdiwang factions
March 31, 1521/Easter Sinday
The first mass held in Limawasa
Zubu (cebu)
The largest and the one with most trade.
Henry the Navigator
This Portuguese prince who lead an extensive effort to promote seafaring expertise in the 14th century. Sent many expedition to the coast of West Africa in the 15th century, leading Portugal to discover a route around Africa, ultimately to India.
juan ramos (son)/ melchora aquino (mother)
Various wings of the Katipunan gathered at the house of Juan Ramos in Pugadlawin on August 23, 1896. Ramos was the son of Melchora Aquino, also known as "Tandang Sora" and was later acknowledged as the Mother of the Katipunan." Bonifacio asked his men whether they were willing to fight to the bitter end.
September 7, 1522
Victoria (or Nao Victoria) was a carrack and the first ship to successfully circumnavigate the world and reached Seville
Santiago Alvarez
Wrote one of the account of tejeros convention (one of the general trias)
Imelda Marcos
a Filipino politician who was First Lady of the Philippines for 21 years, during which she and her husband are widely believed to have illegally amassed a multi-billion U.S. dollar personal fortune, the bulk of which still remains unrecovered
Zamal/Samar
a distant three hundred leagues from the islands of the Ladrones where Magellan gone through after Landrones
Baldomero Aguinaldo
a leader of the Philippine Revolution. He was the first cousin of Emilio Aguinaldo, the first president of the Philippines, as well as the grandfather of Cesar Virata, a former prime minister in the 1980s.
August 23, 1896
a then hilly and forested sitio of Pugad Lawin in Balintawak, now part of Quezon City, the Katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio tore their "cedulas" as an expression of their open defiance against the Spanish rule in the country.
Salvador Laurel
also known as Doy Laurel, was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as Vice-President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992 under President Corazon Aquino and briefly served as Prime Minister from 25 February to 25 March 1986, when the position was abolished
monkeys
americans think of filipino natives/ the cabeza de barangay called the americans
Ronald Reagan
an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and became a highly influential voice of modern conservatism. He arrived in Manila, the Philippines, for a port call on August 7. The carrier arrived together with ships from its carrier strike group, Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruisers USS Chancellorsville (CG 62) and USS Antietam. Marcos sent a letter about the snap election
Act of the declaration of philippine independence
are and have the right to be free and independent," and that the nation from "this day commences to have a life of its own, with every political tie between Filipinas and Spain severed and annulled"
Philippine-American War
armed conflict between the Philippines and the United States from 1899-1902. It was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence. The Philippines declared war on the US and it became a savage conflict with guerilla warfare. Villages were destroyed, civilians were murdered, and prisoners were tortured. The war ended when Aguinaldo surrendered in 1902.
zula
chief of the Island of Matan
May 10, 1897
death of Bonifacio
September 21, 1972
declarion of martial law
illustrados
educated and wealthy Filipinos
water cure
form of torture in which the victim is forced to drink large quantities of water in a short time, resulting in gastric distension, water intoxication, and possibly death.
Guillermo Masangkay
friend and adviser of Andres Bonifacio
Cocoanuts
fruits of palm tree where the Filipino natives get everything including food
Father Pedro de Valderrama
he officiated the 1st mass in limasawa
liberal party
is a liberal political party in the Philippines, founded by then-senators Senate President Manuel Roxas, Senate President Pro-Tempore Elpidio Quirino, and former 9th Senatorial District Senator José Avelino on January 19, 1946
Cry of Pugadlawin
is an invented story, then reconstructs the events in Balintawak when Andres Bonifacio's Katipuneros assembled in Pook Kangkong from 22 to 26 August 1896. Resolves the questions of where and when cedulas were torn, and when and where the initial engagement between the Katipuneros and the Spanish troops took place. In 1963 the Philippine government declared a shift to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City.
Oplan Sagittarius
it was exposed by Aquino Jr., during a September 13, 1972 in a privilege speech. the Master Plan of a multi-faceted operation for the declaration of martial law: the apparatus, the scheme, the mechanism of martial law itself. Sagittarius also provided the legal basis for Proclamation 1081 by enumerating the conditions and situations that made martial law necessary. It contained the detailed account of the places targeted for a military take-over (such as airports, shipping ports, communication networks, transportation networks, the mass media, the guns and ammunition, the loose firearms of the citizenry...) [and it] also named special units that were to implement the initial takeover, with the backing of the entire armed forces in the Philippines, if ever the need arose
Principalia/principalis
local bosses and collectors of taxes
April 27, 1521
marked the famous Battle of Mactan. It is the first recorded victory of native arm over foreign invaders where Lapu-lapu killed Magellan
Jabiddah, Massacrei
massacre of Moro army recruits by members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) on 18 March 1968,which is acknowledged as a major flashpoint that ignited the Moro insurgency in the Philippines. It is sometimes also known as the Corregidor massacre, because the killing took place on Corregidor Island in the Philippines. Author Cesar Adib Majul notes that the administration of Ferdinand Marcos had suppressed coverage of the affair in the interest of national unity,which led to little or no documentation about the incident. This led to varying accounts of the number of trainees killed, ranging from 11 to 68, and the reasons behind the massacre.
cloves, cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg, mace and gold
merchandise of magellan and show it to the natives to show his honor
Maharlika
nobility/feudal warrior class in ancient Tagalog society in Luzon the Philippines translated in Spanish as Hidalgos, and meaning freeman, libres or freedman. They belonged to the lower nobility class similar to the Timawa of the Visayan people
Severino de las Alas
one of the more prominent signatories of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution. He spoke about the letter k in the flag that it is not an indication of the revolutionary government
uraca/arrack
palm wine
Pook Kangkong
place where andres bonifacio assembled katipuneros from August 22-26 1896. Where cry of balintawak happened (part of caloocan)
Mt. Tala
place where the tragic murder-by-execution of Bonifacio
Nacionalista Party
political party for self-government and independence. the oldest political party in the Philippines and in Southeast Asia, responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907, being the ruling party from 1935 to 1946, 1953-1961 and 1965-1972
Jacinto Lumbreras
presided first the meeting and a member of magdiwang factions
USS Mc Culloch
previously USRC McCulloch and USCGC McCulloch, was a ship that served as a United States Revenue Cutter Service cutter from 1897 to 1915, as a United States Coast Guard Cutter from 1915 to 1917, and as a United States Navy patrol vessel in 1917
sedition/treason
punishable by death
Jose P. Laurel
puppet republic president of the philippines. He sets Marcos free from jail for he believed that Marcos is the hope of the country
CPP/NPA/NDF
rebellion is an ongoing conflict between the Government of the Philippines (GPH) and the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist coalition of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), the New People's Army (NPA), and the National Democratic Front (NDF).
Benevolent Assimilation
refers to a policy of the United States towards the Philippines as described in a proclamation by U.S. President William McKinley issued on December 21, 1898. McKinley and the U.S. were trying to assimilate the Philippines to help them become better. American dollars went to the Philippines to improve roads, sanitation, and public health. Although the U.S. might have looked intrusive, they were actually trying to improve the condition of the Philippines.
communal/kasama system
refers to a system that integrates communal ownership and federations of highly localized independent communities
spice trade
refers to the trade between historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. Spices such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, and turmeric were known and used in antiquity for commerce in the Eastern World.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
signed at Tordesillas in Spain on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa
Pact of Biak na Bato
signed on December 15, 1897, created a truce between Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution.
hamletting
smaller than a village and distinctly without a church or other place of worship (e.g. one road or a crossroads, with houses either side).
1896
spark of revolution & Rizal executed
cedula
tearing up of community tax certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of their allegiance to Spain
rafael dacanay
the cabeza de barangay of barrio san isidro
Rolex 12
the collective name of twelve of the closest and most powerful advisers of President Ferdinand Marcos during the martial law years in the Philippines from 1972 to 1981. Tomas Diaz, PMA-Cl '51 - Vice Chief of the Philippine Constabulary[2] Juan Ponce Enrile - Minister of National Defense[2] Romeo Espino UP-ROTC - Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)[2] Romeo Gatan - Chief of the Philippine Constabulary in Rizal[2] Alfredo Montoya, PMA Cl-'51 -Chief of the Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command (METROCOM)[2] Ignacio Paz, PMA Cl-'51 - Chief of the Intelligence Services of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP)[2] Fidel Ramos, USMA Cl-'50; Honorary PMA Cl-51 - Chief of the Philippine Constabulary (PC), future President (1992-1998)[2] Jose Rancudo - Commanding General of the Philippine Air Force (PAF)[2] Hilario Ruiz - Flag Officer in Command of the Philippine Navy (PN)[2] Gen. Rafael Zagala - Commanding General of the Philippine Army (PA)[2] Fabian Ver, Honorary-PMA Cl '51 - Chief of National Intelligence Security Authority (NISA)[3][2] Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr., Honorary PMA Cl-'51 - present, Governor of Tarlac, Chairman of San Miguel Corporation[2]
Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)
the last president of the Commonwealth and the first president of the Republic of the Philippines. 5th president of Philippines
Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965)
the ninth President of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice-President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also served as a member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention of 1970
Comm. George Dewey
was Admiral of the Navy, the only person in United States history to have attained the rank. He is best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War, with the loss of only a single crewman on the American side
King Charles V
was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506. As head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century, his dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Germany to northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and a unified Spain with its southern Italian kingdoms of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia. Furthermore, his reign encompassed both the long-lasting Spanish and short-lived German colonizations of the Americas. The personal union of the European and American territories of Charles V was the first collection of realms labelled "the empire on which the sun never sets"
Artemio Ricarte
was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War. wrote one of the account about tejeros convention. captain general of revolutionary government
Martin Delgado
was a Filipino military leader during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War, and was the first civilian governor of Iloilo Province during the American Colonial Era of the Philippines, first appointed by the Americans and then winning election in his own right
Fabian Ver
was a Filipino military officer who served as the Commanding Officer of the Armed Forces of the Philippines under President Ferdinand Marcos
Ladislao Diwa
was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that initiated the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896
Teodoro Plata
was a Filipino patriot, and a co-founder of the Katipunan, the secret society which sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896. He met Andrés Bonifacio at a boarding house in Manila along with Ladislao Diwa who was then a law student at the University of Santo Tomas. Brother of Gregoria de Jesus
Corazon Aquino
was a Filipino politician who served as the 11th President of the Philippines, becoming the first woman to hold that office. She was the most prominent figure of the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ended the 21-year rule of President Ferdinand Marcos
Pedro Paterno
was a Filipino politician. He was also a poet and novelist. His intervention on behalf of the Spanish led to the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 14, 1897, an account of which he published in 1910.
Andres Bonifacio
was a Filipino revolutionary leader and the president of the Tagalog Republic. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution. Director of Interior
Daniel Tirona
was a Filipino revolutionary leader. He participated in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule and in the Philippine-American War.Attacked Bonifacio for not being a lawyer and being the Director of Interior in the Convention of Tejeros
Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
was a Filipino statesman who served as the seventh President of the Philippines, from December 30, 1953 until his death in an aircraft disaster.
Victoria
was a carrack and the first ship to successfully circumnavigate the world. part of a Spanish expedition commanded by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, and after his death during the voyage, by Juan Sebastián Elcano. The expedition began on 10 August 1519 with five ships
Magdiwang
was a chapter of the Katipunan, a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila in 1892, with the aim to gain independence from Spain. The Magdiwang Council was acknowledged "as the supreme organ responsible for the successful campaigns against the enemy. Lead by Mariano Alvarez
Naic Military Agreement
was a document prepared on April 18, 1897 in which a number of participants in the Tejeros Convention repudiated the convention results. This repudiation, which followed on the 23 March Acta de Tejeros, would later cost Andres Bonifacio his life
Acta de Tejeros
was a document prepared on March 23, 1897 which proclaimed the events at the Tejeros Convention on March 22 to have been "disorderly and tarnished by chicanery." wrote by bonifacio
Mock Battle of Manila
was a land engagement which took place in Manila on August 13, 1898, at the end of the Spanish-American War, four months after the decisive victory by Commodore Dewey's Asiatic Squadron at the Battle of Manila Bay
Silk road
was a network of trade routes which connected the East and West, and was central to the economic, cultural, political, and religious interactions between these regions from the 2nd century BCE to the 18th century.
Treaty of Paris 1898
was a treaty signed by Spain and the United States on December 10, 1898, that ended the Spanish-American War. In the treaty, Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba, and ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States
James Alexander Robertson
was an American academic historian, archivist, translator and bibliographer. He is most noted for his contributions to the history and historiography of the Philippines and other former territorial possessions of the Viceroyalty of New Spain
Christopher Columbus
was an Italian explorer and colonizer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the New World for conquest and permanent European colonization of the Americas
Spanish-American War
was an armed conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence
Revolutionary Government
was an insurgent government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23, 1898, during the Spanish-American War, by Emilio Aguinaldo, its initial and only President. Goal of tejeros convention against Spanish colonizers
1971 contitutional convention
was called to change the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines. The delegates were elected on November 10, 1970, and the convention itself was convened on June 1, 1971. It was marked by controversies, including efforts to uphold term limits for incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos, and a bribery scandal in which 14 people, including First Lady Imelda Marcos, were accused of bribing delegates to favor the Marcoses.
Casa de Contratacion
was established by the Crown of Castile, in 1503 in the port of Seville as a crown agency for the Spanish Empire. It functioned until 1790, when it was abolished in a government reorganization.
Jaime Cardinal Sin
was the 30th Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila, and was also a cardinal. Of Chinese Filipino descent, Swas known for his instrumental role in the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos and installed Corazon Aquino as his successor.
Cry of Balintawak
was the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. At the close of August 1896, members of the Katipunan secret society led by Andrés Bonifacio. From 1908 until 1963, the official stance was that the cry occurred on August 26 in Balintawak
Proclamation 1081
was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on September 23, 1972.
Magellan-Elcano Expedition
was the first voyage around the world in human history. It was a Spanish expedition that sailed from Seville in 1519 under the command of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, in search of a maritime path to East Asia through the Americas and across the Pacific Ocean, and was concluded by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastian Elcano in 1522. Elcano and the 17 survivors of the expedition were the first men to circumnavigate the globe in a single expedition
Trinidad
was the flagship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage of circumnavigation. Unlike Elcano's Victoria, which returned to Spain sailing across the Indian Ocean, Trinidad tried and failed to sail east across the Pacific to New Spain or modern-day Mexico
Tejeros Assembly
was the meeting held on March 22, 1897 between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon (now General Trias, but the site is now at Rosario), Cavite.
Caloocan
where the Cry of balintawak happened
General Trias
where the assembly held. also called san francisco de malabon
Kawit, Cavite
where the independence declared on June 12 1898
Cavite Province
where the katipuneros came from in march 22, 1897
