SOC101 (exam 1)

Which of the following groups is a subculture?

Horseback riders

When the dominant culture succeeds in imposing its values and ideas on all of society, this is known as:

Hegemony

The slogan "What happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas" is an example of:

Moral Holiday

How do sociologists study the way in which people, as part of groups, organize their lives and social interactions to produce a real and meaningful world?

Sociology understands the importance of human psychology

Sociology can be defined as the systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior from ________ to ________.

large-scale institutions; individual interactions

Recently, curators at museums have experienced problems with the preservation of plastic objects, almost all of which disintegrate over time. The Smithsonian collection contains the first-ever plastic toothbrush, which soon will be nothing more than a pile of crumbs. This problem is leading many historians to worry that we will lose the history of our:

material culture.

In the United States of America, a married man who has several mistresses is violating a ________, but if he is married to more than one woman at the same time, he is violating a ________.

more; law

As a way of facilitating social change, tweets and hashtags are a new social phenomenon in which people are able to use social media in an effort to:

organize and protest political policies.

What term did Karl Marx use to describe the fact that most of the population accepts inequality even when it does not benefit them personally?

false consciousness

In 2005 the Northwestern University women's lacrosse team won an NCAA championship and was invited to the White House to receive congratulations from the president. Controversy erupted after their visit, when the official photograph revealed that several team members were wearing flip-flops. Despite the outcry, the athletes took the criticism in stride, talking about it on The Today Show and auctioning the offending footwear for charity. Given the reaction and the team's response, what kind of norm did the athletes break by wearing flip-flops to the White House?

A folkway

Which social theorist sought to bring the scientific method to the discipline of sociology?

Auguste Comte

How are norms enforced in everyday settings?

By sanctions

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was an activist organization in the 1960s that protested the Vietnam War, racial injustice, and economic exploitation. For the most part, the organization favored direct action and protest, most of which opposed traditional organizing and politics; instead, it sought a radically new form of social organization. Based on this information, you could say that members of SDS were part of a:

Counterculture

What is the definition of "culture"?

Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people, and it acts as a lens through which we view the world.

A reality television show called Wife Swap exchanged the mothers from two very different families and filmed the result as the participants were exposed to radically different ways of life. Although the television network was simply trying to be entertaining, the show also demonstrates the sociological principle of

Culture shock

In 2010 President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act into law. Fox News and CNN presented vastly different viewpoints on the ACA, appealing to either conservative or liberal viewers, respectively. The media's handling of this law is an example of:

Culture wars

Who were the two anthropologists who studied the Hopi of the southwestern United States and concluded that language not only expresses our thoughts but also shapes the way we think?

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf

What is the sociological term for signs people make with their bodies?

Gestures

Which of the following is one of the functions of symbolic culture?

It enables people to communicate

Many everyday cultural practices such as greeting a friend, giving someone flowers, or using a thumbs-up seem like natural ways of acting. Why does having an awareness of how these practices vary across cultures demonstrate a healthy sociological imagination?

It reminds us that everyday interactions are connected to larger societies and norms.

Which term describes a policy of honoring diverse racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic, and national backgrounds?

Multiculturalism

How is the study of culture different for sociologists than for anthropologists?

Sociologists usually study a culture to which they belong.

In many Middle Eastern countries, showing someone the bottom of your foot or shoe is considered very rude, so American military personnel stationed in the Middle East are instructed to keep their feet inside helicopters when flying low. Why is this instruction needed?

The meaning of gestures is not universal

Macrosociology and microsociology approach the study of society from different perspectives. How does the discipline of sociology deal with these two very different approaches?

These two perspectives are on a continuum, and sociologists can adopt the perspective most useful for a particular problem.

Although many people believe that expectations for personal space (usually about eighteen inches for Americans) are innate, members of many cultures are accustomed to noticeably less personal space than we are. This helps demonstrate that people's expectations for personal space are:

a part of our culture and as such are learned rather than innate

Marginalized groups in American society—such as street punks and skateboarders—often engage in activities that offend or annoy some people. One of the reasons people get so annoyed is that members of these groups don't seem to care that they're the subjects of disapproval. In other words, they:

a. don't seem to care about negative sanctions.

According to Émile Durkheim, what is the basis for the bonds created through organic solidarity in industrialized societies?

difference, interdependence, and individual rights

The values, norms, and practices of the most powerful group within a society are called:

dominant culture

Macrosociology is an approach that

examines large-scale social structures to see how they affect individual lives.

The ________ of white supremacy in the United States was a system of beliefs and attitudes that maintained the status quo of slavery and segregation

ideology