Social Cognition and Attitudes
Which of the following is an example of the planning fallacy?
Gerard believes he can complete a term paper within a one-week time frame. He is surprised when he cannot complete the project as quickly as he anticipated.
People are usually motivated in some way when making social judgments and decisions. What often occurs as a result of having directional goals?
People may be skeptical about evidence that goes against their directional goal.
What is a potential positive outcome of the planning fallacy?
People might attempt projects that otherwise might have been avoided had the amount of effort or time needed been understood.
How is it that schemas help people save time as they have new experiences or encounter new people or objects on a daily basis?
We compare new experiences to previously stored schemas and this allows us to put forth less effort to assess those new encounters.
The ________ heuristic is one in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is evaluated based on how easily examples come to mind.
availability
Calvin is interested in measuring his school's willingness to do volunteer work around the community. He sends out a self-report survey that asks students to directly fill out their _________ attitudes on the topic.
explicit
People naturally use mental "shortcuts" to simplify their social world. These shortcuts are known as:
heuristics
The Implicit Association Task (IAT) used in research, which records participants' reaction times to categorizing objects, is measuring what type of attitude?
implicit attitude
Javari is teaching a psychology class and tells his students, "Kenna is 31, single, outspoken, and bright. She majored in philosophy in college. As a student, Kenna was deeply concerned with discrimination and other social issues." When Javari asked his class if it was more likely that Kenna was A) a bank teller or B) a bank teller AND a feminist, most people in his class chose option B. Javari explained that their answer was incorrect because their _____________ heuristic led them astray.
representativeness
The ________ heuristic is one in which the likelihood of an object belonging to a category is evaluated based on the extent to which the object appears similar to one's mental conceptualization of the category.
representativeness
Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios?
John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment.
Which of the following is a possible outcome when individuals' implicit and explicit attitudes do not match?
They are unaware they hold an actual bias, such as a bias towards an ethnic minority.
The durability bias occurs when a person overestimates how long their feelings might last. This bias is a type of:
affective forecasting
A(n) __________ is a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a target with a degree of favor or disfavor.
attitude
When being considered for a job opening, people being interviewed often mirror the interviewer's behavior. This can be explained by what concept?
chameleon effect
The area of social psychological that focuses on how people think about others and about the social world is called social __________.
cognition
"Oh I know that I'll just be sad forever," Monique cries, after her first boyfriend broke up with her. "I'm never going to love again. My life is RUINED!" Given that she is unlikely to be sad forever, Monique is demonstrating the __________ bias.
durability