Social Deviance Final Study Guide
D
A Trojan is ____________. A) a hacker code B) a key logger C) a Greek military strategy D) a type of spyware
D
A __________ is something a person has or does that others see as bad in some way. A) phobia B) obsession C) falsehood D) stigma
B
A key event in the development of the gay rights movement was ___________. A) a granting of legal rights by the Supreme Court B) the police raid on Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York C) the formation of gay rights organizations D) the formation of many anti-gay organizations
C
All of the following are assumptions of the constructionist perspective on deviance except that deviance should be seen as _____________. A) a voluntary act B) a subjective experience C) an objective fact D) a label
C
All of the following are diseases caused by heavy drinking, except ______________. A) cardiomyopathy B) alcoholic myopathy C) alcoholic personality D) cirrhosis of the liver
D
All of the following are factors that influence the physical effects of drugs, except for: A) the purity of the drug B) the level of the dosage C) the method of administration D) the social environment
C
Burgess & Akers argued that behavior before one becomes criminal, a process of ____________ must occur where he/she is rewarded for continuing deviant behavior. A) differential learning B) differential association C) differential reinforcement D) differential rejection
C
Chambliss stated that the tendency of the police, prosecutors, & judges to become tools of power & privilege is caused by the ______________, or the need of organizations to compel their members to maximum rewards. A) social reality B) phenomenal reality C) organizational imperative D) organizational dysfunction
C
Compared to non-drug users, drug users are __________ times more likely to commit a crime. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
A
If consumers are sent bogus emails that appear to come from legitimate banks or e-commerce sites in order to gain personal information, they are victims of ___________. A) phishing B) hacking C) plucking D) pilfering
C
If you believe that those who are likely to get involved in one form of deviant activity are also likely to get involved in other forms of deviance, you believe in the ___________ theory. A) power B) cultural transmission C) general deviance syndrome D) drug enslavement
A
Internet gambling seems to be more convenient, solitary, & anonymous. These features also make it more __________. A) addictive B) deviant C) profitable D) legal
B
Joe is a sociologist who is undertaking a study of drug use. He is interested in how broken families & poor neighborhoods lead to more problems of drug addiction. Joe is following a __________ theory of deviant behavior. A) constructionist B) positivist C) historical D) scientific
C
Men are _____ times more likely to become alcoholics than women. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
C
Men who visit & use child pornography sites are considered ______________-. A) innocent partakers of fantasies B) harmless visitors C) pedophiles D) normal internet users
C
Peter has a serious drinking problem & is seeking professional psychological counseling & therapy. Today, where might he go to receive this form of help? A) a church, mosque, or synagogue B) Alcoholics Anonymous C) a community-based alcohol treatment center D) the local jail
A
Peter, disillusioned with the way things are going, decides to live in a hippie commune away from the rest of society. According to Merton's theory, his behavior is an example of: A) retreatism B) conformity C) innovation D) ritualism
B
Positivist sociological theories attempt to explain the _________ of deviance. A) negative features B) causes C) meanings D) functions
D
Problematic interaction between a parent & a child is one cause of child abuse. All of the following are problems of interaction, except: A) unrealistic expectations for a child. B) lack of knowledge of normal childhood behavior. C) a lack of parenting skills. D) social approval of physical punishment.
C
Research has shown that children raised by gay parents: A) usually have psychological & school problems B) are much more likely than children with heterosexual parents to become homosexual C) are no more likely than children with heterosexual parents to become homosexual D) rarely have any problems accepting their parents or being accepted by friends.
B
Research shows that illegal drug use has generally __________ since 1992. A) risen significantly B) leveled off C) declined steadily D) sky rocketed
C
Roughly _____ billion dollars are spent each year on Internet gambling. A) 1 B) 6 C) 12 D) 50
A
The ___________ perspective is more pertinent for studying less serious kinds of deviance. A) constructionist B) objective C) psychological D) deterministic
D
The ___________ view of pornography emphasizes its harmless impact on society. A) radical B) feminist C) conservative D) liberal
A
The deterrence doctrine assumes that human beings, when anticipating deviant behavior, are ______________. A) basically rational B) motivated to fight crime C) nasty & evil D) basically irrational
C
The essential idea of conflict theory is that conflict as well as its resulting criminality is ______________. A) best understood through the labeling perspective. B) best understood through the exploration of subjective experiences. C) an inherent, normal, & integral part of complex modern societies. D) a rare & inconsequential occurrence in modern society.
C
The essential idea of conflict theory is that conflict, as well as its resulting criminality, is ___________. A) best understood through the labeling perspective B) a rare & inconsequential occurrence in modern society C) an inherent, normal, & integral part of complex modern societies D) best understood through the exploration of subjective experiences.
D
The most common type of cyber deviance is _____________. A) child pornography & exploitation B) terrorism C) pornography D) fraud
C
The phrase "lighting a fire in the brain" has been used to describe the effects of a ___________ overdose. A) LSD B) heroin C) cocaine D) marijuana
D
The real extent of family violence may be much higher than reported figures because ________________. A) people are generally reluctant to reveal their family problems to researchers. B) the number of people experiencing abuse runs into the millions, despite the small reported percentage. C) other types of violence, such as financial exploitation & physical violence, widely occur. D) all of the above.
False
True or False: People who are in the psychologically addicted state of alcoholism cannot stop drinking even if they are determined.
True
True or False: People with a lower socioeconomic status have a proportionately higher likelihood of being an alcoholic or problem drinker.
D
Which of the following factors is involved in most marital rapes? A) drugs or alcohol B) pornography C) money or lack of it D) physical violence or threats of it
D
Which of the following groups of people have experienced a great increase in problem drinking in recent years? A) the elderly B) college professors C) women D) college students
D
Which of the following has led to the greatest contribution to the failure of the punitive strategy to end drug use? A) programs like DARE have largely failed. B) corruption among police agencies is prevalent. C) the invention of new drugs continues. D) the demand for illegal drugs is still strong.
A
Which of the following is a legal drug in the U.S.? A) alcohol B) heroin C) cocaine D) marijuana
C
Which of the following is a relatively harmless form of hacking? A) stealing money through identity theft B) planting a worm C) hacking a famous person's cellphone & posting stored photos D) knocking out a phone network.
A
Which of the following is a social consequence of alcohol abuse? A) higher rates of criminal offenders B) higher death rates C) a loss of sexual performance D) alcoholic myopathy
A
Which theoretical perspective attributes deviance to the unequal distribution of resources brought about by the exploitative capitalist system? A) Marxist theory B) legal reality theory C) social reality theory D) postmodernist theory
D
Which theoretical perspective attributes deviance to the unequal distribution of resources brought about by the exploitative capitalist system? A) social reality theory B) legal reality theory C) postmodernist theory D) Marxist theory
C
With acquaintance rape, the rapist mostly uses _____________. A) actual violence B) a weapon C) verbal coercion D) physical threats
B
A major characteristic of the final, chronic stage of alcoholism is when a person ____________. A) must have at least one drink everyday. B) engages in a set of drinking sprees for days. C) hides drinking from others. D) begins to have blackouts after several drinks.
D
A pimp is a man who ____________. A) visits prostitutes & patronizes brothels with regularity. B) is ranked much lower than prostitutes in the prostitute subculture. C) is a client of the prostitute. D) lives off of the earnings of one or more prostitutes.
C
About _________________ children are severely, physically abused every year. A) 100,000 B) 500,000 C) 3 million D) 10 million
D
According to Albert Cohen, when lower-class boys experience status frustration, they set up their own competitive system in the form of: A) boys clubs B) religious groups C) violent gangs D) delinquent subcultures
D
According to Glaser, before a person pursues criminal behavior, he/she must first ____________ real or imaginary persons. A) strongly reject B) fall deeply in love with C) rebel against D) identify with
C
According to Hirschi, which of the following is not a way for individuals to bond themselves to society? A) a commitment to conformity B) a belief in the moral validity of rules. C) an experience of a gap between goals & means. D) involvement in conventional activities.
D
According to Howard Becker, a person has to go through a 3-step process to learn to become a marijuana user. Which of the following is not one of these steps? A) learning to enjoy the drug effects B) learning the technique to get high C) learning to recognize the drug effects D) learning where to find the drug
A
According to Labeling theory, being labeled deviant produces __________ for that person. A) negative consequences B) positive consequences C) legitimate job opportunities D) no consequences whatsoever
D
According to Lemert, what is the first act in a sequence of interaction leading to secondary deviance? A) a deviant impulse B) the confession of deviance C) tertiary deviance D) primary deviation
A
According to Lemert, what is the first act in the sequence of interaction leading to secondary deviance? A) primary deviation B) the confession of deviance C) a deviant impulse D) tertiary deviance
B
According to Menachim Amir, a common victim behavior that leads to victim-precipitated rape involves the woman _______________. A) angering her assailant by resisting him B) agreeing to have a drink or a ride home with a stranger C) inviting a stranger to have sex with her D) submitting to a rapist who threatens her with a gun
A
According to Power theory, the types of deviance & the types of persons who commit deviant acts are strongly influenced by __________. A) social inequality B) anomie C) world political events D) social equality
A
According to Richard Quinney, there are different ways for the dominant class to define the social reality of crime. Which of the following is not one of them? A) it engages in behavior that is defined as criminal. B) it applies the laws to ensure the protection of its interests. C) it defines as criminal those behaviors that threaten its interest. D) it constructs & diffuses an ideology of crime.
D
According to a definition of spouse abuse that includes both violent & nonviolent acts, _____________. A) husbands are much more likely to be the victims of spouse abuse B) the problem of spouse abuse largely disappears C) about 10% of all married persons in the U.S. assault their spouses D) about 1/3 of all married persons in the U.S. assault their spouses.
B
According to a recent representative sample of the U.S. adult population, the percentage of American men that have ever engaged in same-sex behavior is about _________%. A) 5 B) 9 C) 20 D) 30
A
According to labeling theory, being labeled deviant produces ___________ for that person. A) negative consequences B) legitimate job opportunities C) positive consequences D) no consequences whatsoever
A
According to social-psychological theory, the unique factor that turns individuals into alcoholics is the fit between vulnerable personality traits & ____________. A) certain drinking-group values & activities B) a breakdown in early religious training C) genetic predispositions D) the need for power
A
According to sociologists, participation in gang rape ____________. A) fulfills a social need more than a sexual desire. B) is a psychologically disturbed act. C) is an expression of latent homosexuality. D) is an erotic act for the participants.
B
According to the Marxist explanation of deviance, the cause of deviance can be traced to ______________. A) a breakdown of the family & other social controls. B) the exploitative nature of capitalism. C) the presence of diverse cultural groups in American society. D) the gap between the goals of success & the means of achieving them.
B
According to the Marxist explanation of deviance, the cause of deviance can be traced to _______________. A) the presence of diverse cultural groups in American society B) the exploitative nature of capitalism C) the breakdown of the family & other social controls D) the gap between the goals of success & the means of achieving them
D
According to the constructionist perspective, deviant behavior is ___________. A) determined behavior B) a passive reaction to societal force C) robot-like behavior D) an expression of human volition
B
According to the deterrence doctrine, all of the following would help reduce the rate of crime, except for making punishment more ___________. A) swift B) general C) severe D) certain
A
According to the drug enslavement theory, _____________. A) the high cost of drugs forces addicts to a life of crime. B) both drug users & criminals are part of the general deviance syndrome. C) people are forced to become drug addicts. D) individuals commit crimes before they become drug users.
B
According to the power theory, the types of deviance & the types of persons who commit deviant acts are strongly influenced by __________. A) world political events. B) social inequality C) anomie D) social equality
A
According to the textbook, AIDS among homosexuals has substantially declined because of ___________. A) safer sex practices B) a decline in drug use C) abstaining from sex D) having more sex with more heterosexuals
A
According to the textbook, roughly _________ of adult American men have participated in extramarital sex. A) 25% B) 35% C) 50% D) 90%
C
Alcohol is implicated in almost __________ of all violent crimes. A) 1/10 B) 1/4 c) 1/2 D) all
B
All of Jane's friends have jewelry & new clothes, but Jane has no money to buy any of these things. She therefore resorted to shoplifting to get what she wanted. According to Merton's theory, her behavior is an example of: A) retreatism B) innovation C) ritualism D) conformity
C
All of the following are factors that lead to more rape-prone campuses, except: A) not seriously dealing with sexual assault B) rampant homophobia C) mandatory membership in fraternities D) a tradition of heavy drinking
A
All of the following are part of America's culture of rape, except: A) the formation of anti-rape organizations like rape crisis centers. B) treating women like men's property. C) using women in men's masculinity contests. D) the myth that women want to be raped.
A
All of the following are part of the positivist perspective on deviance, except that deviance is ____________. A) a label B) intrinsically real C) an objective fact D) determined behavior
C
All of the following are popular myths about prostitution, except: A) all prostitutes are sexually frigid B) women become prostitutes because they are nymphomaniacs C) it is the second oldest profession in the world D) most prostitutes are involved with drugs
D
All of the following are reasons for people to take part in cybersex, except for: A) anonymity B) ease & convenience C) strong sexual fantasies D) resolving marital problems
C
All of the following are social factors that promote drug use, except _______________. A) having friends who use drugs B) the existence of a drug culture C) a cognitive association between relieving pain & drug use D) a lack of attachment to family or school
B
All of the following are types of drug treatment programs, except: A) drug maintenance therapy B) drug prevention programs C) therapeutic communities D) drug aversion therapy
C
All of the following are ways that pornography is implicated in the problem of rape except that it ____________. A) treats women as men's sex objects B) trivializes the problem of rape C) provides an erotic sexual outlet D) tends to incite violent, angry men to rape.
C
All of the following statement about incest are true except that: A) there is no significant difference in incest rates among social classes or racial/ethnic groups. B) stepfathers are much more likely than biological fathers to commit incest. C) young victims of incest usually forget about the past & lead normal sexual lives as adults. D) incestuous fathers are more isolated from others outside the home.
B
Approximately, _________ of Americans are alcoholics. A) 1% B) 6% C) 19% D) 25%
C
As popularly used, the term drug abuse often means ______________. A) the use of medically prescribed drugs. B) the use of some dangerous drug. C) the use of illegal drugs. D) the physical abuse of any drug.
C
Child molestation is considered a form of rape because _____________. A) it is the same as raping a woman B) the victims are under the control & supervision of the parents C) the victims are too young to give their consent D) most parents who engage in these activities are sick perverts
D
Cohen's theory of status frustration closely resembles Merton's goal-means gap because they both: A) argue that deviant actions are the product of individual choice. B) assume that social class has little to do with deviant behavior. C) Use similar stages of research. D) assert that lower-class people are more likely to engage in deviant actions.
C
Compared with most other types of prostitutes, the streetwalker is ____________. A) less often arrested by the police B) more educated C) less able to charge her customers high fees D) more attractive
D
Cyber deviance can be split into two broad categories; disrupting a computer network as a target, & ____________. A) creating a method of hacking B) using the computer as a tool to commit deviant acts C) using the computer to keep records of deviance D) creating a computer network to commit deviance
B
Definitions of deviance fall into two opposing perspectives, positivist & ______________. A) modernist B) constructionist C) traditional D) moral
B
Determinist, objectivist, & absolutist are other terms for aspects of the _____________ perspective on deviance. A) modern B) positivist C) humanist D) constructionist
A
Deviant behavior is any behavior that ________________. A) is considered deviant by public consensus, which may range from maximum to minimum. B) violates the law. C) violates social norms. D) is considered deviant by the police & officials of society.
B
Female genital mutilation mostly takes place in ___________. A) China B) Africa C) Russia D) Brazil
A
Feminist theories argue that most theories of deviance _____________. A) are only about men. B) stereotype women. C) aren't related to gender. D) call for the exploitation of women.
C
Feminists argue that ___________ is a major cause of wife beatings. A) mens' greater access to the means of violence (such as guns) B) poor economic & social conditions C) the sexist, patriarchal nature of society D) some mens' lack of self-esteem
B
For women, the major significance of an affair is ______________. A) money B) love C) excitement D) sex
D
Greg was about 17 when he realized that he wasn't very interested in women. Instead, he was attracted to men & wanted to have sex with men but hoped that he would grow away from these feelings in time. He was in ______________ stage of acquiring a gay identity. A) commitment B) sensitization C) coming out D) dissociation
C
Hank is a sociologist investigating the causes of crime. He is interested in how some areas of the city have traditions of crime that persist over generations, & how individuals easily move into groups following these traditions. What theory of deviance is guiding Hank's research? A) strain theory B) labeling theory C) differential association theory D) control theory
C
How did the raising of the drinking age from 18 to 21 lead to more problems with drinking? A) students learned to drink more excessively from their professors & others. B) students grew angry at the new law & began to drink in defiance. C) drinking was driven underground, where it could more easily lead to binge drinking. D) drinking took place more in the open, leading to more binge drinking.
B
Jane goes to a bar after work several nights a week to seek relief from job tensions. She is in the __________ stage of becoming an alcoholic. A) crucial B) pre-alcoholic C) chronic D) terminal
B
Jane is an alcoholic. Her experiences are different from those of male alcoholics because she __________. A) became an alcoholic before her husband developed a drinking problem. B) receives less serious treatment by doctors & therapists. C) drinks more on the job. D) comes from a family with little history of alcoholism.
D
Joe has a serious drinking problem & has visited a psychologist for several months. The psychologist discovered that Joe had an unfulfilled need for dependency that alcohol helped to cover. From a psychological perspective, Joe __________. A) does not have a support group to help him with drinking problems. B) belongs to an ethnic group that encourages drinking to solve problems. C) suffers from alcoholic depression. D) has an "alcoholic personality."
C
John experienced family violence as he was growing up. According to social learning theory, he is ____________. A) less likely to engage in family violence B) more likely to experience stressful family relationships C) more likely to engage in family violence D) less likely to get married & have children
A
Labeling theory interprets deviance as a(n) ___________. A) process of symbolic interactionism. B) totally subjective experience. C) expression of human animalistic tendencies. D) outcome of a conflict between powerful groups.
A
Labeling theory interprets deviance as a(n) ______________. A) process of symbolic interactionism. B) expression of human animalistic tendencies C) outcome of conflict between powerful groups D) totally subjective experience
D
Merton's version of anomie-strain theory is based on the premise that: A) the breakdown of social norms, or anomie, allows deviance to occur. B) society can't restrain the individual from using power to prevent deviance. C) deviant behavior is the expression of the individual's primitive psychological desires. D) society encourages the individual to engage in deviance.
B
Most identity theft is committed by ___________. A) bright teenagers B) organization or corporate insiders C) cyber-pornographers D) Eastern Europeans
D
Most rape survivors go through two phases of disorganization before regaining their ability to live normally, an acute phase of humiliation & self-blame & a longer phase, marked by ______________. A) strong self-denial B) extensive exercise & physical activity C) rejection of social & sexual relations with others D) frightening dreams & phobias
B
One factor related to the increase in drinking among women is ____________. A) their falling under the influence of male drinkers. B) their increased power & freedom. C) their adoption of moderate drinking norms. D) their heavy drinking has become more well-known.
A
One problem with saying that alcoholism is related to nutritional deficiencies, metabolic dysfunction, or malfunctions of the central nervous system is that researchers cannot determine whether these problems are ___________-. A) the cause or the effect of the alcohol. B) caused psychologically or physically. C) the result of social factors. D) actually problems to begin with.
B
One reason why church leaders failed to dismiss offending priests from their job is _______________. A) a fear that women & married men would have to become priests. B) the church's culture of secrecy & forgiveness. C) a lack of trust in the verifiability of children's testimonies. D) a belief that the behavior was not sinful.
B
Secondary victimization, or the "feeling of being raped again," refers to the victim's ____________. A) recollection of the rape B) encounter with the police C) encounter with their assailant D) feelings if their rapist is released from custody
D
Since 1973, the American Psychiatric Association has referred to the problems that some homosexuals have with their sexual orientation as: A) variant sexual orientation B) abnormal sexual preference C) special sexual preference D) sexual orientation disturbance
A
Someone who believes that pornography is dangerous to communal values such as marriage & the family follows a ____________ view. A) conservative B) liberal C) radical D) feminist
A
The Prohibition Movement of the 1920s originated mostly from ____________. A) an attempt to control the powerless segments of society. B) reform ideas brought to America by Irish & German immigrants. C) religious beliefs about the evils of alcohol. D) a reform movement for helping the urban working class.
D
The four stages whereby a male homosexual comes to acquire his gay identity are: sensitization, dissociation, coming out, & ____________. A) public affirmation B) homosexual affirmation C) desensitization D) commitment
A
The highest status prostitute is the __________. A) call girl B) massage-parlor prostitute C) streetwalker D) gay prostitute
B
The incompatible interests, needs, & desires of diverse groups of people in society can lead to _____________. A) deviant behavior B) social conflict C) social strain D) cultural conformity
B
The incompatible interests, needs, & desires of diverse groups of people in society can lead to ________________. A) deviant behavior B) social conflict C) social strain D) cultural conformity
A
The main purpose of the positivist approach to deviance is ______________. A) seeking out the causes of deviant behavior. B) to make moral judgments about deviant behavior. C) developing empathy with deviant persons. D) to study biases toward persons seen as deviant.
D
The majority of new AIDS cases today involve _____________. A) older homosexuals B) lesbians C) younger homosexuals D) IV drug users
D
The repeated harassment of others through the Internet is called ______________. A) cyber-terrorism B) discrimination C) hate crimes D) cyber-stalking
B
The strong motivation for rape in prison appears to be ____________. A) the need to alleviate boredom & alienation B) the drive for power C) homosexual tendencies D) relief of sexual deprivation
A
The textbook argues that an integrated definition of deviant behavior must focus on _____________. A) both deviant behavior & the deviant label. B) the deviant behavior itself. C) the methods of sociologists. D) the deviant label.
C
This drug is most common among the poor, as it helps them cope with the stresses of daily life. A) roofies B) methamphetamine C) heroin D) cocaine
D
Those who oppose the legalization of drugs argue that if drugs are legalized ___________. A) more middle-class persons will become drug addicts. B) the government would have major problems distributing drugs. C) many policeman & prison guards would become unemployed. D) drug use & addiction would skyrocket.
B
To say that deviance is determined behavior implies that humans ___________. A) gain benefits from deviant behavior B) can't choose between good & bad C) can choose between good or bad D) have free will
C
Today's positivist sociologists now recognize the importance of ____________ in understanding deviant behavior. A) psychological traits B) heredity C) social factors D) religion
True
True or False: A call girl is especially skilled at making her commercial transactions appear non-commercial.
True
True or False: A transsexual is someone who identifies themselves as a member of the opposite sex while transvestites engage in cross-dressing.
True
True or False: According to Davis's Functional theory, prostitution exists to protect the moral order.
True
True or False: According to economic deprivation theory, the reason why poor people turn to drugs is the need for status.
False
True or False: According to social-psychological theory, almost all illegal drug use can be traced to psychological problems such as: poor self-concept & low self-esteem
True
True or False: According to sociologists, alcoholism develops from a social situation where psychologically vulnerable persons are pressured by drinking companions to drink heavily.
True
True or False: An attorney, pleading leniency for his guilty client, asks the judge to take into consideration his client's unfortunate background, including child abuse & abandonment, before passing sentence. It is logical to conclude that the attorney is asking the judge to view deviance from a positivist perspective.
False
True or False: Because men own their wives, they cannot actually be found guilty of raping them.
True
True or False: Before 1900, cocaine could be found in many soft drinks such as Coca-Cola.
False
True or False: Conflict sociologists begin with the idea that modern societies have achieved a high degree of social & cultural unity.
True
True or False: Culture plays a role in determining the definition of deviant behavior.
False
True or False: Feminist theorists argue that women's experience of deviance is essentially no different from the experience of men.
True
True or False: From the Feminist perspective, rape is primarily an expression of mens' dominance over women.
True
True or False: In some cultures, adultery may take both legitimate & illegitimate forms.
False
True or False: Labeling & Phenomenological theories concentrate on understanding the causes of deviance.
False
True or False: Labeling & phenomenological theories concentrate on understanding the causes of deviance.
True
True or False: Many obese people internalize their stigma, agreeing with others that they are to blame for their obesity.
True
True or False: Most homosexual men are involved in long-term relationships characterized by power equally distributed between partners.
False
True or False: Most husbands feel genuine remorse after they have battered their wives.
True
True or False: Most persons who are homophobic are less educated & more racially prejudiced.
True
True or False: Most prostitutes enter the trade out of economic necessity.
True
True or False: Most prostitutes feel that they are more moral than their customers.
False
True or False: Most rapists choose strangers as their victims.
True
True or False: Most sociologists assume that gays & lesbians may be born with a biological predisposition that makes them more likely than other children to be attracted to members of the same sex.
True
True or False: One problem with the drug ecstasy is that it causes the body to overheat, leading to dehydration or brain damage.
True
True or False: Prescription drug abuse among teens has increased over the last decade.
False
True or False: Reported figures of the number of Americans who are victims of family violence are inflated.
True
True or False: Research shows that child molesters fail disastrously to meet the cultural standards of masculinity.
False
True or False: Secondary deviance occurs when a person who is labeled a deviant passively accepts the stigmatizing label & undertakes a deviant career.
False
True or False: Secondary deviance occurs when a person who is labeled a deviant previously accepts the stigmatizing label & undertakes a deviant career.
True
True or False: The objectification of women in our culture plays a role as to why men commit rape.
False
True or False: The same amount of alcohol has the same intoxicating effect on people of different sizes & weights.
True
True or False: There is a relationship between family violence & poverty.
True
True or False: To phenomenologists, the deviant's objective experience is the heart of deviant reality.
True
True or False: To phenomenologists, the deviant's subjective experience is the heart of deviant reality.
True
True or False: Two reasons why the powerful are likely to commit profitable deviance are a greater deviant opportunity & a strong deviant motivation.
True
True or False: U.S. society considers teenage sex to be deviant & unacceptable.
B
Two factors that have led to the tremendous rise of cyber-deviance is the phenomenal increase in the use of computers & _____________. A) fewer opportunities for offline deviance. B) a lack of law enforcement. C) organized crime. D) an increased desire for deviant activities such as pornography.
D
What do phenomenologists mean by the term deviant reality? A) the characteristics of deviance as shown by objectively acquired data. B) the nature of deviant behavior as seen by scientific sociologists. C) the reality of deviance as defined as such by the powerful. D) the subjective meaning that deviants impute to their own deviant experiences.
B
What do phenomenologists mean by the term deviant reality? A) the characteristics of deviance as shown by the objectively acquired data. B) the subjective meaning that deviants impute to their own deviant experience. C) the nature of the deviant behavior as seen by scientific sociologists. D) the reality of deviance as defined as such by the powerful.
A
What drinking pattern would be more typical of the higher socioeconomic levels? A) drinking as a facilitator of social interaction. B) drinking to avoid the pain of family breakdown. C) drinking as a way of exploiting women. D) drinking as a part of deeply rooted cultural practice.
C
What is the central question posited by control theories of deviance? A) what causes deviance? B) what causes criminality? C) what causes conformity? D) what is the definition of deviance?
B
Which of the following behavioral characteristics would a rapist not consider to be a sign of vulnerability? A) moving arms & legs in short, jerky motions B) projecting confidence without appearing aggressive C) appearing passive or submissive D) walking slowly & tentatively
D
Which of the following concepts constitutes the core of Sutherland's Differential Association Theory? A) an excess of criminal over normative personality traits. B) numerous associations with criminals. C) a strong criminal personality. D) an excess of criminal over normative contacts.
A
Which of the following conditions separates the positivist & constructionist perspectives on deviance? A) the amount of public consensus about what type of behavior is deviant. B) the amount of private consensus about what is deviant behavior. C) the variety & type of religious attitudes towards deviant behavior. D) the number of persons involved in deviant behavior.
C
Which of the following countries has the highest drug use? A) Columbia B) Thailand C) U.S. D) Burma
B
Which of the following disturbs the nervous system & distorts the user's perception of reality? A) intoxicants B) hallucinogens C) depressants D) stimulants
D
Which of the following events has produced a significant shift from sexual promiscuity to monogamy among homosexuals? A) the realization by many gays that their lifestyle is sinful. B) the outlawing of sexual behavior in many states. C) the closing of homosexual bathhouses, mens' rooms, & gay bars. D) the AIDS crisis of the early 1980s.
D
Which of the following is an effect of alcohol on sexual performance? A) drinking especially helps middle-aged men sustain an erection. B) sex becomes more exciting after several drinks. C) drinking enhances overall sexual performance. D) drinking makes a person feel less inhibited sexually.
D
Which of the following is an example of a depressant? A) LSD B) methamphetamine C) cocaine D) heroin
C
Which of the following is an example of the situational type of homosexual behavior? A) a married woman who has sex with a girlfriend once in awhile. B) a call boy working for a gay escort service. C) a stripper who rarely has time to date after work. D) a male prostitute hustling on the street.
B
Which of the following is not a definition of deviance proposed by sociologists? A) deviance is a behavior that illicits anger or disapproval from large numbers of people. B) deviance always involves immoral behavior. C) deviance is a behavior that is labeled negative by politicians & the police. D) deviance is a departure from the normative standards of a common culture.
C
Which of the following is not a symptom of battered woman syndrome? A) feeling trapped B) expecting the terror of violence C) passively submitting to more violence D) loss of self-esteem
B
Which of the following is not an example of a transgendered person? A) an intersexual B) a homosexual C) a transvestite D) a transsexual
D
Which of the following is not one of the constructionist theories of deviance? A) conflict theory B) phenomenological theory C) labeling theory D) control theory
D
Which of the following is not one of the constructionist's theories of deviance? A) labeling theory B) phenomenological theory C) conflict theory D) control theory
A
Which of the following is part of the treatment program of Alcoholics Anonymous? A) requiring members to admit that they are alcoholics & are powerless over liquor. B) encouraging members to maintain a moderate drinking pattern. C) encouraging members to develop a rugged individualistic approach to drinking. D) urging members to seek psychotherapy.
B
Which of the following is the most common outcome of cybersex? A) finding a partner offline B) masturbation C) better sex D) depression
C
Which of the following is the most commonly used illegal drug in the U.S.? A) cocaine B) heroin C) marijuana D) methamphetamine
A
Which of the following kinds of deviance is best understood through the positivist perspective? A) higher-consensus deviance B) criminal deviance C) immoral deviance D) lower-consensus deviance
B
Which of the following norms are used to define homosexuality as deviant? A) the norm that love should precede sex B) the norm that married couples should produce children C) the norm that sex should involve people of different genders D) the norm of sexual exclusiveness
D
Which of the following statements about cyber deviance is true? A) cyber-stalking is more benign & less harmless than offline, traditional stalking. B) most cyber-porn enthusiasts are teenagers. C) technology has enabled law enforcement agencies to catch & convict at least 25% of online identity thieves. D) the majority of identity thefts are inside jobs.
D
Which of the following statements about homophobia from a global perspective is true? A) the U.S. has less homophobia than any other country in the world. B) the U. S. has more homophobia than any other country in the world. C) homosexuals are treated equally in most countries in the world. D) countries like Russia & Zimbabwe have strong & sometimes violent traditions of homophobia.
D
Which of the following statements about nude dancing is true? A) most of their customers are middle-class, married men. B) most publicly identify themselves as nude dancers. C) they generally make low wages. D) most find their work empowering.
C
Which of the following statements about pedophile priests is not true? A) the large majority of priests, both straight & gay, keep their vows of celibacy & lead productive lives. B) only a few priests are child molesters. C) almost 1/2 of all priests have been involved . in molesting children. D) the cause of child molesting among priests is not their celibate, sexless lives.
D
Which of the following statements about smoking cigarettes is false? A) a total of 75% of adult smokers started smoking cigarettes before age 18. B) the prevalence of smoking is 3 times higher among people with less than 12 years of education. C) among most U.S. groups, many more males than females smoke. D) teenage smoking has decreased in recent years.
A
Which of the following statements about the definition of alcoholism is false? A) alcoholism is a clearly defined & understood disease. B) alcoholism involves a compulsion to drink, causing damage to one's self & others. C) alcoholics can be identified on the basis of certain problems that they have as a result of drinking. D) there is no universally accepted definition of alcoholism.
D
Which of the following statements about the definition of deviance is true? A) few persons in society are concerned about the definition of deviance. B) definitions of deviant behavior are determined by a nation's economy. C) almost all persons in a society will agree on the nature of deviant behavior. D) there is usually a great deal of disagreement among people as to what they consider deviant.
B
Which of the following statements about the social profile of illegal drug users is false? A) males are more likely than females to use drugs. B) parental & peer influences seem to have little impact on drug users. C) young people are more likely than older ones to use drugs. D) college drug users are more likely to have majored in the social sciences & the humanities.
D
Which of the following statements is not a myth about alcohol abuse? A) drinking only beer is unlikely to make one an alcoholic. B) mixing different kinds of alcohol drinks can make a person drunk faster. C) most alcoholics are homeless, skid-row bums. D) a drinker may find it more difficult to perform sexually after several drinks.
B
Which of the following statements reflects a conservative position on sex education? A) schools should teach both abstinence from sex & contraception. B) schools should teach only abstinence from sex. C) schools should not be involved in any kind of sex education. D) schools should teach about contraception only.
B
Which of the following statements reflects the symbolic interactionist's view of human beings? A) human behavior largely follows well-established patterns. B) humans face, deal with, & act toward the objects they encounter. C) humans are simply a medium on which societal forces operate in a neutral way. D) individuals have little awareness about what is going on around them.
D
Which of the following statements reflects the symbolic interactionist's view of human beings? A) individuals have little awareness about what is going on around them. B) human behavior largely follows well-established patterns. C) humans are simply a medium on which social forces operate in a neutral way D) humans face, deal with, & act toward the objects they encounter.
D
Which of the following statements reveals a biased view of the disabled by "normal" people? A) the person's disability is the totality of his or herself. B) people with disabilities are always less desirable than normal people. C) criteria of competence should be based on favor of normal people. D) all of the above statements are biased views of the disabled.
C
Which of the following theories examines the subjectivity of people, including their attitudes, feelings, & opinions about deviance? A) Conflict theory B) Postitivist theory C) Phenomenological theory D) Labeling theory
A
Which of the following theories examines the subjectivity of people, including their attitudes, feelings, & opinions about deviance? A) phenomenological theory B) conflict theory C) positivist theory D) labeling theory
C
Which of the following traits is more likely to be associated with child molesters than rapists? A) old age B) toughness & aggressiveness C) gentleness & passivity D) having a way with adult women
