Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Chapter 7 Section 3

List three reasons why factory owners hired women more than men?

Employers often preferred to hire women because they thought women could adapt more easily to machines, they were easier to manage, and they could pay them half as much as what they paid men.

Why were labor unions "secret" during the early years of the Industrial Revolution?

Labor unions were secret during the early years of the Industrial Revolution because they were illegal at the time

Describe how middle class families lived during the Industrial Revolution.

Middle-class families lived in well-furnished, spacious homes on paved streets and had a ready supply of water. They wore fancy clothing and ate well. The new middle class took pride in their hard work and their determination to get ahead.

List some negative physical dangers of working in mines.

Some of the negative dangers for working in mines was that they worked in darkness and the coal dust destroyed their lungs, there were always the dangers of explosions, collapsing tunnels, and flooding.

Write a few sentences explaining *how* and *why* some workers resorted to violence.

Sometimes their frustration of having no political power led to violence. The first industrial riots occurred in England from 1811 to 1813 and textile workers resisted the labor saving machines that were costing them their jobs

What did the growth of industry and rapid population growth dramatically change?

The growth of industry and rapid population growth dramatically changed the location and distribution of labor and people

labor union

An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

Write two or three sentences describing the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution

As demand for mass-produced goods grew, new factories opened, which in turn created more jobs. Wages rose so that workers had enough left after paying rent and buying food to buy a newspaper or visit a music hall. As the cost of railroad travel fell, people could visit family in other towns.

What did British law-makers do to ensure that factories and mines obeyed the "factory act" laws in the 1830s and 1840s?

British lawmakers formed teams of inspectors to ensure that factories and mines obeyed the laws in the 1830s and 1840s

In time, what can be accurately said about all levels in society as a result of industrialization?

In time, reforms would curb many of the worst abuses of the early industrial age in Europe and the Americas. As standards of living increased, people at all levels of society would benefit from industrialization

Who was John Wesley, what did he stress and what did he encourage?

John Wesley had founded the Methodist movement in the mid 1700s, He stressed the need for a personal sense of faith, He encouraged followers to improve themselves by adopting sober, moral ways.

Eventually, what rights did labor unions win?

Labor unions won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working conditions. Eventually, working class men gained the right to vote, which gave them political power.

What was at the heart of the new industrial city?

The heart of the new industrial city was the factory.

Describe the negative effects of industrialization on the market town of Manchester during the 1700's

The negative effects of industrialization on Manchester was the pollution in the air, the pounding noise of steam engines, and the filthy stench of its river.

How old were children when they started to work in factories and mines?

These children often started working at age 7 or 8, a few as young as 5

Why couldn't labor unions effect reform of the workers' situation?

They couldn't effect reform of the worker's situation because they had no political power to effect change

Contrast how the women of the middle class and the women of the wealthy looked after their children.

Women of the middle class did not leave the home to work but instead focused their energy on raising their children. This was different than the wealthy because they had maidservants to look after their children.

Tenement

multistory buildings divided into apartments

Urbanization

the movement of people to cities, and the growth of cities

In what religion did working-class people find comfort?

Many working class people found comfort in a religious movement called Methodism.

What affect did Methodists have on workers?

Methodists helped channel workers' anger away from revolution and towards reform

Contrast the difference between the entrepreneurs and the millions of workers during the early years of the Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution brought great riches to most of the entrepreneurs who helps set it in motion. For the millions of workers who crowded into the new factories, however, the industrial age brought poverty and harsh living conditions.

What were the children of the working class doing?

The children of the working class were a part of the workforce.

Who benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution?

The entrepreneurs who set it in motion benefitted the most from the industrial revolution

What did the "factory acts" attempt to do?

The factory acts attempted to reduce a child's workday to twelve hours and also to remove children under the age of 8 or 9 from the cotton mills

Write a few sentences describing how the poor lived during the early years of the Industrial Revolution.

While the wealthy and middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods, vast numbers of poor struggles to survive in foul-smelling slums. They were packed into tiny tenements which had no running water and only community pumps. There was no sewage or sanitation system, so wastes and garbage rotted in the streets. Sewage was also dumped into rivers.

How long were the working hours in the early factories of the Industrial Revolution?

Working hours were long, with shifts lasting from 12 to 16 hours, 6 to 7 days a week.

Write a few sentences or a short paragraph comparing the new middle class of the Industrial Revolution with that of the working class

a. Those in the middle class owned and operated the new factories, mines, and railroads, among other industries. Their lifestyle was much more comfortable than that of the industrial working class. When farm families moved to the new industrial cities, they became workers in mines or factories. Many felt lost and bewildered. They faced tough working conditions in uncomfortable environments.