social learning 90%

What is the average amount of time an American spends consuming media in a week? A. 10 hours B. 18 hours C. 22 hours D. 28 hours

d

Young Kiki watches her father play baseball. This is the first time she has seen baseball being played. Her father swings his bat and hits the ball. Later, her father gives Kiki the bat. She swings at a baseball but misses. Using the basic processes in observational learning, explain whether or not observational learning occurred.

Observational learning did occur. Although Kiki was not able to hit the ball, she was able to successfully replicate the behavior of swinging the bat, which means that she retained how to perform the behavior in her mind. She was also able to imitate the goal of the behavior, demonstrated by swinging the bat at the baseball instead of another target and was motivated to do it by her attempts at trying to hit the ball.

Dave watches his brother climb a tall but brittle tree. When a branch snaps, Dave's brother falls out of the tree and breaks his leg. Even though Dave is physically capable of climbing, he never climbs the tall, brittle tree. How would a social learning theorist describe Dave's behavior? A. Dave has learned that his brother is not to be trusted. B. Dave has learned vicariously through his brother's experience. C. Dave has experienced immediate personal reinforcement. D. Dave has experienced immediate personal punishment.

b

When a model experiences a consequence, those watching the model experience __________. A. social consequences B. modeled behavior C. vicarious consequences D. nothing

c

Describe the processes necessary for social learning to occur.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Social learning occurs when four processes are present: 1) Attention: The learning organism must be paying attention to the modeled behavior. If there is no attention, the behavior cannot be processed into memory. 2) Retention: The learning organism must remember the behavior which was modeled. If the behavior is not retained, it cannot be replicated. 3) Reproduction: The learning organism must be capable of producing the behavior. If the behavior is too skilled or impossible for the organism to replicate, the reproduction will be unskilled or halting. 4) Motivation: The learning organism must be motivated to perform the behavior, or motivated NOT to perform the behavior. If the organism is not motivated to perform the behavior, then even if the organism is able to performt he behavior and knows how, it may not. Social learning occurs when four processes are present: 1) Attention: The learning organism must be paying attention to the modeled behavior. If there is no attention, the behavior cannot be processed into memory. 2) Retention: The learning organism must remember the behavior that was modeled. If the behavior is not retained, it cannot be replicated. 3) Reproduction: The learning organism must be capable of producing the behavior. If the behavior is too skilled or impossible for the organism to replicate, then the reproduction will be unskilled or halting. 4) Motivation: The learning organism must be motivated to perform the behavior, or motivated not to perform the behavior. If the organism is not motivated to perform the behavior, and even if the organism is able to perform the behavior and knows how, it may not.

Explain how behaviors can be acquired through social learning

Social learning theory requires that the organism who is learning observes the behavior of another organism and the consequences that occur as a result of the demonstrated behavior. Vicarious reinforcement of the behavior can occur if the consequences following one's behavior is favorable, meaning that the observer may be more likely to mimic the behavior of another that has been reinforced.

Which of the following accurately represents one of the outcomes of Bandura's Bobo doll experiments? The children were more likely to show a decrease in aggressive behavior when aggressive behavior was rewarded. No children showed any change in level of aggressive behavior during the experiment. The children were more likely to show increases in aggressive behavior when aggressive behavior was rewarded. The children were more likely to show increases in aggressive behavior when aggressive behavior was punished.

The children were more likely to show increases in aggressive behavior when aggressive behavior was rewarded.

A social learning theorist believes that cognition is __________. A. unimportant to explaining behavioral outcomes and processes B. one of the keys to understanding behavioral outcomes C. used only before conditioning takes place D. capable of being directly observed, tested, and verified

b

In order to learn behaviors through observation, the observers create a mental representation of __________. A. all the possible outcomes of the specific behavior B. the model performing the behavior repeatedly C. a completely novel behavior, which reinforces the old D. the specific behavior and its consequences

b?

The theory stating that knowledge acquired through observation is influenced by behavior, personal factors, and environment is the __________. A. theory of classical conditioning B. social cognitive theory C. cognitive theory of operant learning D. latent learning theory

b?

Which of the following statements best describes the importance of attention in social learning? A. Without attention, a behavior cannot be forgotten. B. Without attention, a behavior cannot be remembered. C. Without attention, a behavior cannot be justified. D. Without attention, a behavior cannot be reinforced.

b?

Dave watches his brother climb a tall but brittle tree. When a branch snaps, Dave's brother falls out of the tree and breaks his leg. Dave thinks about this event often. Even though he is physically capable of climbing, he never climbs the tall, brittle tree. Which process best explains why Dave does not climb the tall but brittle tree? A. lack of attention B. lack of retention C. lack of reproduction D. lack of motivation

d?

A symbolic model for learning is a model that is observed in person. t/f?

false?

All behaviors are simple enough to replicate. t/f?

false?

Bandura found that children who witnessed aggressive behavior being punished were far more likely to be aggressive than children who did not. t/f?

false?

The evidence is conclusive; aggression and violence in the media lead to aggression and violence in the general population. t/f?

false?

Mirror neurons may assist in making observational learning possible. t/f?

true

Some researchers claim that video games may be more influential on promoting violent behavior than television programs involving violence. t/f?

true

Modeling therapy involves mimicking productive ways to solve problems after observing another model a specific behavior. t/f?

true?

Observation is an important part of learning and replicating many human behaviors. t/f?

true?