Social Problems Quiz Ch. 3

According to a survey conducted in 2020, how many current users of alcohol in the United States are underage (12-20 years old)? a) 3.3 million b) 7.1 million c) 8.3 million d) 5 million

7.1 million

How is the term "drug" used sociologically? a) A chemical substance that is physically addictive b) A chemical substance that positively or negatively affects the immune system of the human body c) A chemical substance that has a direct effect on the user's physical, psychological, and/or intellectual functioning d) A chemical substance that alters the structure or functioning of a living organism when it enters the bloodstream

A chemical substance that has a direct effect on the user's physical, psychological, and/or intellectual functioning

_____ promotes a medical rather than criminal approach to drug use by encouraging users to seek treatment and adopting preventive practices. a) Decriminalization b) Deregulation c) Legalization d) Harm reduction

Decriminalization

Which of the following is an example of the harm reduction approach to drug use? a) Adding greater numbers of law enforcement officers to detect illicit drug use b) Longer sentences for drug dealers c) Distributing clean syringes to reduce the risk of HIV infection d) Disrupting drug production in other countries

Distributing clean syringes to reduce the risk of HIV infection

Which of the following is considered drug abuse? a) Drug use that leads to arrest, divorce, or hospitalization b) Drug use that does not violate acceptable social standards c) Drug use that results in an altered state of being d) Drug use that occurs on an infrequent basis

Drug use that leads to arrest, divorce, or hospitalization

The United States' war on drugs reflects a harm reduction position toward solving drug problems. True False

False

Which of the following is a manifestation of a "new temperance" movement in the United States? a) Mandatory sentences for illicit drug use b) Legalization of medical marijuana in some states c) Harsher penalties for crack than cocaine abuse d) Federally mandated 21-year-old drinking age laws

Federally mandated 21-year-old drinking age laws

Which of the following statements is true regarding drug use and crime? a) A meta-analysis of research studies shows no relationship between drug use and crime. b) Surveys of prisoners show that nearly two-thirds were under the influence of drugs when they committed their offense. c) Sociologists disagree on whether drugs cause crime, criminal activity leads to drug involvement, or some other factor is related to crime and drug use. d) Experimental studies show that individuals are 12 times more likely to commit a crime when under the influence of drugs

Sociologists disagree on whether drugs cause crime, criminal activity leads to drug involvement, or some other factor is related to crime and drug use

Alcoholics Anonymous is a twelve-step program. True False

True

According to psychological theories of drug use, who is most susceptible to drug use? a) Those who experience life as too easy b) Wealthier people c) Victims of child abuse d) Those who feel they are invulnerable to stress

Victims of child abuse

Many have argued that alcohol prohibition in 1920 was a) a "moral crusade" against immigrant groups. b) modeled after a highly effective program in Canada. c) highly effective at reducing alcohol consumption. d) highly supported by the American population. Question 55

a "moral crusade" against immigrant groups.

Which of the following is most likely to illustrate a psychological explanation of drug abuse? a) Inconsistent cultural norms b) Feelings of alienation from society c) A personality type that is prone to anxiety d) The positive labeling of drug use

a personality type that is prone to anxiety

According to research, there is evidence that when parents used a(n) _____ approach, teens were less likely to use drugs and alcohol. a) discipline b) silent c) active mediation d) restrictive

active mediation

The most widely used and abused drug in America is a) marijuana. b) heroin. c) tobacco. d) alcohol.

alcohol

Use of _____ kills more people than AIDS, tuberculosis, or violence. a) pharmaceutical drugs b) cocaine c) methamphetamine d) alcohol

alcohol

Heroin is a) not physically addictive. b) increasing in popularity among American high school youth. c) a derivative of cocaine. d) an analgesic (painkiller).

an analgesic (painkiller)

Children living with an addicted parent are a) affected socially but not academically. b) mostly drug-free as adults. c) at risk for abuse. d) unlikely to suffer ill effects.

at risk for abuse

____ theories propose that some individuals are predisposed to drug abuse. a) Psychological b) Biological c) Symbolic interactionist d) Conflic

biological

The most widely used illegal drug worldwide is a) cannabis. b) opium. c) amphetamines. d) cocaine

cannabis

The structural-functionalist perspective is more likely than the conflict or symbolic interactionist perspective to view drug abuse as a) learned through interaction in small groups. b) caused by the weakening of norms in society. c) a response to the inequality perpetuated by the capitalist system. d) the consequence of a psychological predisposition to experience pleasure from drugs.

caused by the weakening of norms in society

Which of the following terms refers to a condition of compulsive drug use? a) Illegal drug use b) Drug abuse c) Chemical dependency d) Illicit drug use

chemical dependency

Which of the following substances was used in the original formula for Coca-Cola? a) Opium b) Marijuana c) Cocaine d) Methamphetamine

cocaine

Hashish a) is processed from opium. b) is less potent than marijuana. c) comes from the coca plant. d) comes from the top of the marijuana plant

comes from the top of the marijuana plant

Which theoretical suggests that the criminalization of substances follows a pattern of social control of the powerless, political opponents, and/or people of color? a) Symbolic interactionist perspective b) Conflict perspective c) Structural-functionalist perspective d) Social pathology

conflict perspective

If an individual internalizes the label of a "drug user," they are likely to a) substitute legal for illegal drugs. b) continue and sometimes escalate drug use. c) seek treatment for drug abuse. d) quit using drugs of any kind

continue and sometimes escalate drug use

_____ is known as a crystallized illegal drug product produced by boiling a mixture of baking soda, water, and cocaine. a) Marijuana b) Heroin c) Crack d) OxyContin

crack

Alcohol use and smoking among secondary school students _____ over the last two decades. a) decreased b) stayed the same c) increased d) fluctuated dramatically

decreased

_____ involves removing the penalties for certain drugs. a) Decriminalization b) Legalization c) Deregulation d) Medicalization

decriminalization

Approximately 1 in 20 people who have alcohol withdrawal symptoms will experience a condition known as _____, which occurs when the brain's chemistry has been significantly altered due to heavy, long-term alcohol use. a) overdose b) fetal alcohol syndrome c) demand reduction d) delirium tremens

delirium tremens

A _____ policy involves treatment and prevention. a) legal sanction b) zero-tolerance c) demand reduction d) supply reduction

demand reduction

Using marijuana for medical purposes is an example of a) medicalization. b) legalization. c) deregulation. d) decriminalization

deregulation

Drug courts are designed to a) develop guidelines for the legal sale and distribution of drugs. b) divert drug offenders to treatment programs. c) assist the families of drug-addicted felons. d) ensure the prosecution of drug-related crimes.

divert drug offenders to treatment programs.

The most common drug-related crime is a) assault. b) robbery. c) burglary. d) driving while intoxicated

drinking while intoxicated

Which of the following involves collaboration between social workers and courts to provide a system of rewards and sanctions to treat addiction? a) In-patient treatment b) Therapeutic communities c) Twelve-step programs d) Drug courts

drug courts

Marijuana is the most common substance used by people who are killed in traffic accidents. True False

false

The popular D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) program has been universally praised for its effectiveness. True False

false

Unlike synthetic drugs, the production of marijuana and opium has no appreciable negative effect on the environment. True False

false

Anomie explains drug abuse at the individual level as a) the ability of those in power to define a person's use of a particular drug as drug abuse. b) feelings of estrangement and turmoil over appropriate or inappropriate behaviors. c) learning from associates to define the ingestion of a particular drug as pleasurable. d) the process by which a drug abuser becomes labeled "immoral" or "criminal."

feelings of estrangement and turmoil over appropriate or inappropriate behaviors.

Kylee's baby was born with serious mental and physical handicaps because of Kylee's alcohol use. This baby has a) neonatal abstinence syndrome. b) Huntington's disease. c) the baby blues. d) fetal alcohol syndrome

fetal alcohol syndrome

The most serious form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a) neonatal abstinence syndrome. b) caused by the use of e-cigarettes. c) caused by marijuana used during pregnancy. d) fetal alcohol syndrome

fetal alcohol syndrome

_____ is characterized by serious physical and mental handicaps as a result of maternal drinking during pregnancy. a) Infant gateway syndrome b) Sudden infant death syndrome c) Fetal alcohol syndrome d) Down syndrome

fetal alcohol syndrome

A drug that is believed to lead to the use of other drugs is referred to as a(n) a) gateway drug. b) club drug. c) starter kit. d) illicit drug

gateway drug

Biological research on alcohol abuse has focused on the influence of _____ on alcohol addiction. a) physical body type b) blood type c) genetics d) stress

genetics

The active ingredient in marijuana is THC, which in varying amounts can act as a sedative or a a) hallucinogen. b) barbiturate. c) club drug. d) stimulant.

hallucinogen

Recent state initiatives regarding drug use along with some federal initiatives supported by President Obama, such as needle exchange programs, are beginning to place more emphasis on _____ than in the past. a) harm reduction b) supply reduction c) demand reduction d) zero tolerance

harm reduction

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines _____ as those drinking five or more drinks per occasion on five or more days in a one-month period. a) heavy drinkers b) alcoholics c) drunks d) partiers

heavy drinkers

Janie injects an illegal drug as a painkiller that is an opium derivative. Which drug does she use? a) Methamphetamine b) Marijuana c) Heroin d) Cocaine

herion

As OxyContin and other painkillers become more difficult to obtain, users often turn to less expensive and more available drugs such as _____. a) alcohol b) heroin c) marijuana d) methamphetamine

heroin

Methamphetamine a) is also called crack. b) is not addictive. c) was not used or produced until the 21st century. d) is a central nervous system stimulant.

is a central nervous system stimulant.

In the current debate over the legalization of marijuana, many are concerned that it a) will be used in ordinary food and drink products. b) could increase the death rate due to high levels of overdose. c) will be used to facilitate sexual assault. d) is a gateway drug

is a gateway drug

According to the conflict perspective, alcohol is legal because it a) is often consumed by those who have the power to define its acceptability. b) plays an important role in relieving social stress. c) provides a pleasurable experience to people when they first try it. d) is one of the safest drugs available

is often consumed by those who have the power to define its acceptability.

In the Netherlands, the use of such drugs as marijuana and hashish a) is viewed as a moral sin but not an illegal act. b) is treated as a health issue, not a crime issue. c) carries a penalty of life in prison. d) is prosecuted as a criminal misdemeanor, not a felony offense

is treated as a health issue, not a crime issue

The popular D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) program was redesigned in 2009 because a) it benefited only the wealthier kids. b) it was misused by the police. c) it was found to be unconstitutional. d) it was not effective in reducing drug use

it was not effective in reducing drug use

Proponents of _____ of drugs promote individual rights to make informed choices. a) legalization b) decriminalization c) harm reduction d) deregulation

legalization

Children of people with alcohol use disorder are a) usually happier than might be expected. b) likely to suffer from mental health consequences that persist into adulthood. c) unhappy as children but do not seem to suffer from long-term effects. d) likely to resist alcohol when they grow up

likely to suffer from mental health consequences that persist into adulthood.

_____ is the most commonly used illicit drug in the world. a) Heroin b) Marijuana c) Opium d) Cocaine

marijuana

What drug has been approved for medical use in 36 states and for recreational use in 15 states in the United States? a) Heroin b) Marijuana c) Methamphetamine d) Cocaine

marijuanna

Using treatment and prevention strategies is a way of dealing with drug use from a(n) a) war on drugs perspective. b) interdiction approach. c) penalty approach. d) medical model perspective.

medical model prespective

Which of the following is a twelve-step program? a) National Institute of Mental Health b) Drug court c) Standard in-patient treatment d) Narcotics Anonymous

narcotics anonymous

Use of all tobacco products, including smokeless tobacco, cigars, pipe tobacco, and cigarettes, is highest for a) Hispanic people. b) Native Americans and Alaska Natives. c) non-Hispanic White people. d) Black Americans.

native americans and alaska natives

The _____ is largely associated with White and rural populations, and the public attention to it has been generally sympathetic and focused on a medical model to understand its causes and solutions. a) methamphetamine crisis b) crack crisis c) opioid crisis d) marijuana crisis

opiod crisis

Which of the following drugs was legally available in the United States in the 1800s and the early 1900s? a) Rohypnol b) Meth c) Ecstasy d) Opium

opium

Which of the following is a psychotherapeutic drug? a) Marijuana b) LSD c) Heroin d) OxyContin

oxycontin

The most common nonmedical use of psychotherapeutic drugs is as a) pain relievers. b) stimulants. c) tranquilizers. d) sedatives.

pain relievers

Tobacco advertisers have been found to target _____ more than others. a) people of color and women b) the wealthy c) White men d) college students

people of color and women

_____ is a substance abuse pattern that occurs when a user becomes dependent on two or more drugs simultaneously, typically having one dominant drug addiction and then a secondary addiction to a drug that helps to counteract the negative effects of the primary drug. a) Supply reduction b) Polydrug abuse c) Chemical dependency d) Gateway drug

polydrug abuse

Some sociologists argue that drug use and crime may be linked because both are related to a) mental disorders. b) intelligence. c) poverty. d) education

poverty

Although _____ are legal (but highly regulated), the high demand for these drugs to treat chronic pain has driven a surge in the production of illegal counterfeit pills. a) synthetic drugs b) stimulants c) hallucinogens d) prescription painkillers

prescription painkillers

Cocaine a) produces feelings of excitation and alertness. b) is produced from the poppy plant. c) is the most widely used illegal drug in North America. d) use has increased in recent years

produces feelings of excitation and alertness.

In the United States, most federal money spent on substance abuse goes toward a) research. b) repairing damages caused by abuse. c) prevention. d) regulation

repairing damages caused by abuse

The war on drugs has a) resulted in a significant amount of collateral damage. b) ended in the late 1990s. c) saved the U.S. government more money than the program costs. d) reduced other social problems such as unemployment, gang violence, and the spread of AIDS

resulted in a significant amount of collateral damage.

In recent studies, researchers tracked teens who had never used tobacco or marijuana and found that over a six-month period, those who checked _____ and text messages frequently had a higher likelihood of having started smoking tobacco or marijuana during that same time period. a) e-mails b) social media c) brochures d) education forums

social media

Research suggests males are more likely than females to drink heavily because of a) genetic factors. b) the likelihood of arrest. c) socialization. d) the personality type.

socialization

Children who live with at least one parent in need of treatment for drug and alcohol dependency are more likely to a) suffer physical illness. b) live in a conflict-free environment. c) avoid a similar fate when they are adults. d) be unaffected by the parent's behavior

suffer physical illness

A government approach to drug use that is a punitive strategy focusing on reducing the availability of drugs through international efforts, interdiction, and domestic law enforcement is called a) supply reduction. b) harm reduction. c) demand reduction. d) quality reduction

supply reduction

The theoretical perspective that emphasizes that symbols can be manipulated and used for political and economic agendas is a) structural-functionalism. b) postmodernism. c) conflict theory. d) symbolic interactionism

symbolic interactionism

Which of the following perspectives is most concerned with the effects of labels like "crackhead"? a) Symbolic interactionist perspective b) Feminist perspective c) Functionalist perspective d) Conflict perspective

symbolic interactionist perspective

Which of the following is required for acceptance into Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous? a) Recommendations from a member of the organization b) Loss of job or an arrest because of alcohol and/or drug use c) The desire to stop using drugs or alcohol d) Referral from a physician or mental health professional

the desire to stop using drugs or alcohol

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, people who use drugs do so because a) they have a biological predisposition to drug addiction. b) the society is in a state of anomie. c) they have been exploited and alienated by a capitalistic society. d) they have learned to label the drug-using experience in positive terms.

they have learned to label the drug-using experience in positive terms

Alcohol use and smoking among secondary school students have decreased over the last two decades. True False

true

Biological theories focus on a connection between genes and a predisposition toward drug use. True False

true

Heroin use has increased among middle-class Americans in recent years. True False

true

In some countries, drug violations can result in the death penalty. True False

true

Most people in the United States think the war on drugs has been a failure. True False

true

One method to reduce alcohol and tobacco use is to simply increase the cost of the product. True False

true

Prescription painkillers are legal and so are the counterfeit pills created to mimic their effects. a) False b) True

true

Research demonstrates that child abuse contributes to alcohol and drug abuse in adulthood. True False

true

Secondary school students are more likely to report using e-cigarettes than conventional cigarettes. True False

true

Structural functionalists emphasize the importance of parenting in deterring drug abuse. True False

true

The conflict perspective analyzes the impact of social inequalities and oppression on drug use. True False

true

The recreational use of marijuana is legal in some states. True False

true

The younger the age a person begins drinking, the higher the probability that they will develop a drinking problem. True False

true

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the world. True False

true

Use of all tobacco products is higher for high school graduates than college graduates. True False

true

Anti-cocaine sentiment in the United States emerged in the early 1900s in response to cocaine's heavy use among a) European immigrants. b) urban Black individuals. c) teenagers. d) pregnant women.

urban black individuals

__ is the leading preventable cause of death and disease worldwide. a) Cocaine use b) Heroin use c) Use of tobacco d) Alcohol use

use of tobacoo

The _____ is a government policy based on the belief that controlling drug availability will solve drug problems. a) harm reduction approach b) war on drugs c) Drug-Free America Act d) Obamacare plan

war on drugs

Which of the following distinguishes physical dependency from psychological dependency? a) Legality b) Drug addiction c) Withdrawal symptoms d) Chemical dependency

withdrawal symptoms

In the United States, users of illegal drugs are disproportionately a) young, male, and White. b) over the age of 40, male, and White. c) young, male, and people of color. d) women and people of color

young, male, and people of color

Research shows that a) youth develop attitudes about smoking and tobacco at an early age. b) despite concern, there is no evidence that tobacco advertising creates increased demand. c) smoking at young ages is relatively harmless. d) there is not much that can be done to prevent youth from smoking

youth develop attitudes about smoking and tobacco at an early age