Social Psych CH 5

Which of the following was not named as an influencing factor on girls' body image? -parents -peers -magazines -TV

-parents

Given the logic of evolutionary psychology, we can assume our distant ancestors preferred _____ foods. sweet and salty nutritious and energy-providing bitter and sour vegetarian

nutritious and energy-providing

According to Leung and Bond's universal social belief dimensions, which of the following sample questionnaire items is used to check people's adherence to reward for application? "Religious faith contributes to good mental health." "One will succeed if they really try." "Powerful people tend to exploit others." "One has to deal with matters according to the specific circumstances."

"One will succeed if they really try."

Miles Patterson and Yuichi Iizuka (2007) found that -Japanese pedestrians were much more likely than American pedestrians to smile at, nod to, or greet a confederate who walked by them. -American and Japanese pedestrians were more likely to smile at, nod to, or greet a male confederate than a female confederate who walked by them. -American pedestrians were much more likely than Japanese pedestrians to smile at, nod to, or greet a confederate who walked by them. -American and Japanese pedestrians were equally likely to smile at, nod to, or greet a confederate who walked by them.

-American pedestrians were much more likely than Japanese pedestrians to smile at, nod to, or greet a confederate who walked by them.

Sierra, a female, is participating in a sweaty t-shirt study. Who is she going to find the most attractive? -Ken, her biological twin brother, whose immune genes are identical to Sierra's. -Amil, a new male student from Asia whose immune genes are very different from Sierra's. -Constance, a female friend from the same hometown as Sierra's. -Wilson, a male student who had all the same childhood illnesses as Sierra, and therefore the same immune genes.

-Amil, a new male student from Asia whose immune genes are very different from Sierra's.

According to evolutionary psychologists, which of the following is true of the mating preferences of men and women? -Husbands' physical attractiveness has a great impact on wives' satisfaction. -Sex differences in mate preferences are negligible compared to most other psychological sex differences. -Men favor fertility in women, generally signaled by a youthful and healthy appearance. -Men married to physically attractive partners reported low marital satisfaction.

-Men favor fertility in women, generally signaled by a youthful and healthy appearance.

Identify a true statement about the prevalence of norms in human society. -Norms are not affected by culture. -Norms for expressiveness vary among cultures. -Norms liberate humans and provide freedom for willful acts. -Norms hinder the social machinery in countries.

-Norms for expressiveness vary among cultures.

With regard to personal space, which would be expected? -Children maintain more personal distance than adults. -Cultures near the equator prefer more personal space than cultures further from the equator. -Women keep more distance from one another than do men. -North Americans prefer more personal space than Latin Americans.

-North Americans prefer more personal space than Latin Americans.

In the research presented in the video, women were more likely to find which t-shirts attractive? -T-shirts worn by men who were genetically related to them. -T-shirts worn by men who had genes unlike their own. -T-shirts worn by other women. -T-shirts worn by men who were older than them

-T-shirts worn by men who had genes unlike their own.

Why did the women in the video find the shirts from some men more sexually appealing than the t-shirts from other men? -The t-shirts they found appealing were from older men. -The t-shirts they found appealing were from men who had recently been sick. -The t-shirts they found appealing were from men who had genes that would give advantages to any offspring they might have. -The t-shirts they found appealing were from men who were more intelligent.

-The t-shirts they found appealing were from men who had genes that would give advantages to any offspring they might have.

The disgust and revulsion that most people feel about incest can be viewed as -a nonuniversal phenomenon. -a reflection of cultural diversity. -a culture-specific phenomenon. -a universal norm.

-a universal norm.

Sex differentiation is not complete at birth, but does peak in which life stage? -toddlerhood -childhood -adolescence -middle age

-adolescence

Evolutionary psychologists might consider a person who is both ________ to be androgynous. -moral and competent -intelligent and athletic -assertive and nurturing -good and evil

-assertive and nurturing

If gender refers to a social construct, then sex refers to -biology. -masculinity or femininity. -identity. -a personal label.

-biology.

Which of the following is NOT a physical characteristic that determines a person's sex? -chromosomes -genitalia -brain size -internal reproductive organs

-brain size

Bryan is a 15-year-old heterosexual male. He reports that he doesn't like to do "typical guy stuff," but he prefers to hang out with female friends. Despite the fact that he could never identify with stereotypical male hobbies, he still thinks of himself as male. Which of the following would be the best categorization of Bryan's gender identity? -transgender -cisgender -genderqueer -intersex

-cisgender

Which of the following would be least interesting to evolutionary psychology? -culture -biology -genetics -mate choice

-culture

The characteristics, whether biological or socially influenced, that we associate with males and females refer to which of the following? -sex -gender -androgyny -self-schema

-gender

Dr. Moran works with adolescents who are working on their understanding or personal identification of themselves, regardless of their biological sex. What type of counseling does he do? -gender identity -transgender -cisgender -intersex

-gender identity

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized for -the unethical treatment of human participants. -the use of unrepresentative samples. -functional fixedness. -hindsight biases.

-hindsight biases.

When a baby is born, someone examines the genitalia to assign sex. What is this person examining? -primary sex characteristics -secondary sex characteristics -gender identity -hormones

-primary sex characteristics

According to evolutionary psychology, humans are most likely to be afraid of which of these? -lightning -elevators -clowns -spiders

-spiders

According to information presented in the video, which group has the highest suicide rate? -transgender individuals -cisgender men -cisgender women -None of the answers are correct.

-transgender individuals

Your mother has commented on how little time your older sister, who recently married, spends on housework, as compared to what she herself used to spend when she was a newlywed. Your mother's comment reflects how gender roles -are learned. -are biologically determined. -vary by age. -vary over time.

-vary over time.

Women's wages in most countries are _____ percent of men's. 78-84 38-50 85-100 50-77

78-84

Which of the following is true of personal space in various cultures across the world? Cultures near the equator prefer less space than cultures away from the equator. Children maintain more distance than do adults. All individuals maintain a large personal space regardless of their relationships with others. Women keep more distance from one another than men do.

Cultures near the equator prefer less space than cultures away from the equator.

"Powerful people tend to exploit others."

Cynicism

"Fate determines one's successes and failures."

Fate control

"One will succeed if he/she really tries."

Reward for application

"One has to deal with matters according to the specific circumstances."

Social complexity

"Religious faith contributes to good mental health."

Spirituality

Which of the following is true of the varying gender roles in the world? -Despite increasing gender equality, the number of women represented in the parliaments of most nations has decreased. -American married women, on an average, devote seven times as many hours to housework as do their husbands. -The variety of gender roles across cultures and over time shows that culture indeed helps construct gender roles. -Societies with less gender equality are more likely to engage in war than societies with more gender equality.

The variety of gender roles across cultures and over time shows that culture indeed helps construct gender roles.

Zoe has lived in the United States all of her life, yet her Greek grandmother has made sure that Zoe is fluent in the Greek language, so she would understand the Greek way of life. What has Zoe's grandmother passed on to her? a norm a culture an idea a value

a culture

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called values. cultures. norms. beliefs.

cultures

Human kinship is to the _____ perspective as human diversity is to the _____ perspective. humanistic; cultural evolutionary; cultural biological; humanistic cognitive; psychoanalytical

evolutionary; cultural

A middle-aged man believes that his destiny determines the course of his life and his success and failures. According to Leung and Bond's five universal dimensions of social beliefs, to which of the following dimensions does the man adhere? fate control cynicism social complexity reward for application

fate control

Ryann was born with female characteristics, and she was raised as a female. In early adolescence, as she hit puberty, she did not menstruate, but instead began to display secondary sex characteristics that were typical of men, such as facial hair and a deeper voice. Which of the following would best describe Ryann's variation in sex characteristics that prevent her from being distinctly identified as either male or female? -cisgender -transgender -intersex -non-binary gender

intersex

According to Schmitt (2005), an international survey indicated that more _____ than _____ desire unrestricted sex. older men; younger men men; women Correct lesbian women; gay men women; men

men; women

Brekke and Emily, who narrated the video, felt the girls they knew -all had their own personalities and weren't swayed by TV or magazines. -put on a ton of make-up and often "acted dumb" to try to attract male attention. -were more about what they were accomplishing with their lives than what make-up they wear. -didn't believe in going out with the "popular" boy to improve their image.

put on a ton of make-up and often "acted dumb" to try to attract male attention.

A sales executive in a multinational company believes that if she tries hard she will succeed. This has helped her climb the corporate ladder. According to Leung and Bond's five universal dimensions of social beliefs, to which of the following dimensions does the executive adhere? Fate control reward for application cynicism social complexity

reward for application

Alice Eagly (2009, 2017) and Wendy Wood (Eagly & Wood, 2013; Wood & Eagly, 2007) theorized that in adult life the immediate causes of gender differences in social behavior are rules and laws that legislate and maintain the status quo. biologically based differences in power and aggressiveness. the roles that reflect a sexual division of labor. learned habits reinforced by social rewards like affection.

the roles that reflect a sexual division of labor.

Women are typically _____ leaders. Men are typically _____ leaders. directive; task-focused task-focused; relational transformational; task-focused task-focused; transformational

transformational; task-focused

Much of the conversational style we attribute to men is typical of people with lower status and power. viewed as submissive in nature. typical of people of both sexes of higher status and power. based on genetics.

typical of people of both sexes of higher status and power.

When men and women want empathy and understanding, they are most likely to turn to a woman. spouse. man. co-worker.

woman