Social Psych Exam 3

What type of attractiveness seem to be universal between both men and women?

"Cute" and "mature"

The Weasley's parents are either screaming at them (for example, through the use of "howlers") or simply distracted. This leads to children who are unsure of where they stand in relationships, always yearning for love, but never confident that they'll actually get it. Ron shows this attachment style in his desire for Hermione, and his doubt that she'll return the interest. Ron's relationship personality becomes one of jealousy, clinginess, and insecurity. What type of attachment style is Ron?

Anxious

Which of the following explains why a positive mood can decrease the probability of responding in prosocial ways?

Being in a good mood can lead us to interpret emergency situations as not really serious.

individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present. Ex. No one calling the police for Kitty Genovese

Bystander Effect

We help because it boosts our own status and reputation

Competitive Altruism

Assume other people will do something when in a large crowd

Diffusion of responsibility

Others feel good when we help them, we like their positive reactions Necessary for us to know helping had a positive impact

Empathetic Joy

Ability to experience other people's emotions, feel sympathy for them, and take their perspective. Three components;Emotional aspect, Cognitive component, and Empathic concern

Empathy

Some prosocial acts are motivated just by the desire to help someone in need

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

Groups with altruistic members are more likely to survive

Group Selection

Evolutionary perspective - goal is gene propagation More likely to help people we're related to than unrelated others

Kin Selection Theory

In general, we are more likely to help those whom we are closely related than others. Which of the following offers support for this?

Kin selection theory

Allow us to feel what others are feeling Higher capacity to experience empathy

Mirror Neurons

Which inherent neurological system allows most people to experience what others are experiencing automatically?

Mirror neurons

Which of the following is a form of unintentional social influence?

Modeling

Helping reduces our own negative emotions Witnessing others' suffering makes us feel bad

Negative State Relief

Motivation - Both often to boost status Actions - Some of both involve hurting others Effects - Sometimes both hurt others

Overlap between Prosocial Behavior and Aggression

If people help in order to receive praise from others, then what would be expected under cover of darkness?

People would be less likely to help others.

Efforts to help others, Usually with no immediate benefit to the helper

Prosocial behavior

Born of parents who are trusting and supportive without being suffocating, Hermione is confident, feels free to express her emotions, and is happy to trust others. Hermione projects this style onto her own teenage experiments in love. When Ron repeatedly shows that he is too chicken to ask her out, she promptly moves on to someone else (Viktor Krum). She's jealous when Ron starts dating Lavender, but she patiently waits for him to realize that she's a better choice. What type of attachment style is Hermione?

Secure

Individuals who are in stressful situations frequently experience an increase in their need to affiliate with others in a similar situation. This may be because

Such affiliations provides opportunities for social comparisons

What compliance tactic is based on scarcity?

The deadline technique

What is responsible for proximity influencing our level of attraction to another person or object?

The repeated exposure effect

Which of the following best describes prosocial behavior and aggression?

They have overlapping features.

Research shows that belongingness is ________________

a need

Jenny, a 5-year-old child, may be MOST likely to exhibit helping behavior after playing ________ video game.

a prosocial

Solicit money from others, use it for various purposes

crowdfunding

One of the key findings from Stanley Milgram's studies was that pressures to obey are ________.

difficult to resist even if they involve harming another person

Social exclusion, darkness and time

factors that decrease prosocial behavior

Which component of Sternberg's Triangular Model of Love deals with the closeness two people feel and the strength of the bond that holds them together?

intimacy

In several variations on Asch's classic experiment, a standard-setting line was first presented to small groups of people, followed by the presentation of three comparison lines of different lengths. In one condition, two of three accomplices, posing as students, chose an incorrect answer before the subject could respond. The third accomplice sometimes chose a correct response and sometimes chose a more incorrect response. Under these conditions, respondents were more likely to choose the correct response. These results suggest ________.

it becomes easier to resist conformity pressure once unanimity of the group is broken

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that at least some prosocial behavior is ________.

motivated solely by the desire to help someone in need

Research shows that sexual attraction is a ________ but not ________ condition for being in love.

necessary; sufficient

One way in which symbolic social influence may work is by allowing the psychological presence of others to trigger goals with which the other persons are associated. This may, in turn, influence our ________.

performance on tasks and our commitment to reaching these goals

In terms of desirable partner traits, men prefer ___________ in women and women prefer ____________ in men.

physical attractiveness; ability to acquire resources

One way to help people become more resistant to commands from authorities that may lead to destructive behaviors is to _______________.

remind people that they—not the authorities—are responsible for any harm done

People who are ______________________ attached have relatively stable relationships.

securely

Zimbardo's prison experiment demonstrates that ________ can overpower ________, and people may conform to expected roles.

situations; personalities

People who feel isolated from a particular group are experiencing ________ exclusion.

social

Two aspects of empathy are ________ and ________.

taking another's perspective; sympathizing with another person

One reason that people are willing to obey persons in authority who order them to engage in destructive behaviors is that ________.

the authority figure relieves those who obey of responsibility for their actions

One of the factors associated with compliance is social validation. This is because we ________.

want to be correct, and one way to do so is to emulate the behaviors of others whom we see as similar to ourselves in some way

Harry's adoptive parents were cruel and abusive. Now, Harry pushes everyone else away, never believing relationships will bring him any comfort. He prefers to do everything by himself. In relationships, he won't admit that he likes anyone, and when he can no longer deny it, his response is to do nothing. His monster crush on Cho Chang leaves him helpless, and it's not until she puts the moves on him that they get anywhere. The same thing goes for Ginny; he simply watches her from afar until she kisses him after a successful Quidditch match. What type of attachment style is Harry?

Avoidant

During experiment where people were communicating via an intercom, a student had a seizure Believed there were different numbers of people on the intercom line Only bystander, one of two bystanders, one of five bystanders More bystanders > less likely to help

Darley & Latane (1968)

Noticing something unusual is happening, correctly interpreting an emergency, deciding it's your responsibility to help, deciding you have the knowledge/skills to help, making the decision to provide help

Decisions involved in helping

Ingroups vs. Outgroups Outgroups sometimes succeed in ways that threaten the ingroup's sense of superiority Help the outgroup to make them seem dependent (and consequently inadequate) Goal isn't to help, but to take away status

Defense Helping

One perspective - even when we get nothing physical in return, we still feel good This is a benefit - not altruism Other perspective - if you don't get anything physical in return, it's altruism Feeling good isn't a benefit

Does altruism exist? Debate

It has been shown that complementarities are not a good basis for attraction. What is the one pair of complementarities that is the exception to this?

Dominance-submissiveness

According to balance theory, balance is achieved when two people

like each other and discover they are similar in some way

In an emergency, a helpful bystander can increase the helpfulness of others because the bystander serves as a social ________.

model