Social Psych III (11/28)
urban decay explanation about Kitty Genovese
stating that everyone that lives in the city is now a cold person and erased people's caring for each other
bystander influencing factor: diffusion of responsibility
assume someone else will help, especially if large group of bystanders
effects of low serotonin
high scores on standard aggression tests, impulsive arson, animal abuse
new yorker blame explanation about Kitty Genovese
stating that everyone that lives in NY is a bad person
experiments after murder of Kitty Genovese
participant drops packages or is by a broken car - seeing if people will help
inclusive fitness model
people that are more likely to help their relatives to preserve genes
example of the benevolence model
people that give blood get a sticker after giving it so that their peers know they gave blood making them a good person
intrauterine position effect
2 M females are more likely to be aggressive than 0 M females - in part by how much testosterone they were exposed to at fetuses
evidence for inclusive fitness hypothesis
Alarm calls in belding's ground squirrels - when a predator is walking around squirrels will send out an alarm call - risky because maybe now the predator is going to eat me
example of inclusive fitness model
adoptions patterns in oceania say that people there are more likely to adopt someone if they share any type of gene as them
bystander effect
as the number of people present increases, the likelihood of helping decreases
why is altruism hard to explain?
because the evolutionary theory states that we promote our own genes and we operates on selfishness in stressful situations
what is altruism?
behavior toward another person that benefits others and potentially puts you at risk
evidence for reciprocal altruism hypothesis
blood meal donation in vampire bats - if one doesn't get blood one day they will get blood from one another
physical aggressive: boys vs. girls
boys are more physically aggressive than girls
example of altruism
firefighter runs into burning fire to help save bring child
indirect aggression: boys vs. girls
girls are more indirectly aggressive than boys - cyberbullying, mental manipulation
example of selfishness altruism
giving blood because they believe that when they are in the situation where they need blood they will get it
reciprocal altruism
helping others in return for future personal help
what is selfishness altruism?
helping someone or something else actually benefits yourself
example of reciprocal altruism
if you scratch my back I'll scratch yours
example of tit-for-tat effect
if your sister hits you hard you will hit her back hard
bystander influencing factor: cohesiveness
more help given if person in need of help is in your established group - social responsibility norm
effects of observation learning: bandura's bobo doll study
kids model what they see from adult behavior
effects of observation learning: spanking
kids pick up on aggressive behavior and when they are spanked over 2 times by the age of 3 there is an increased risk of aggression
sex dimorphism in animals
males and females of the same species look very different - humans, lions, birds
agressivness in animals
males much more aggressive than women in order to mate and protect themselves
What is the tit-for-tat effect?
mimics actions of opponent from previous round after cooperating - what did they do to you?
helping behavior example
murder of kitty Genovese - murdered for over 30 minutes and nobody did anything about it
benevolence model
their behavior is impacting not based on helping others fully but how they will look publicly
verbally aggressive: boys vs. girls
they are both equally verbally aggressive
bystander influencing factor: ambiguity
you will get more help it it's much more clear and obvious person needs help