Social Psychology

When Martina swims laps by herself, she swims a 50 meter sprint in 31 seconds. When she swims in a race with other people, Martina can usually swim the same distance in only 30 seconds. Martina's performance illustrates

social facilitation.

Shane is playing tug of war with a group. He is not pulling on the rope nearly as hard as he did when he played the same game as an individual against another individual. Shane's effort illustrates

social loafing

The liking or disliking we have for people, places, and things in our world are

attitudes

Cognitive dissonance is most accurately described as stemming from ____.​

​inconsistencies among attitudes or between attitudes and behavior

​The two reasons given in the textbook for why we conform to group norms are ____.

​informational and normative conformity

The study of attribution is concerned with the ____.

​process of assigning cause to behavior

​A stereotype is a ____.

​set of beliefs and information about a group of people

​We commit the fundamental attribution error when ____.

​we discount situational explanations for behavior and rely more on trait explanations

Imagine 100 individuals are asked to take part in a replication of Milgram's famous study on obedience. How are these 100 people likely to respond?

The majority would administer 450 volts as instructed.

Milgram's obedience studies showed that

a majority of people in many different parts of the Western world will be obedient to an authority figure who requests unethical actions.

Stereotype threat occurs when

a person's behavior confirms a stereotype when the person is aware of the stereotype.

Which of the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance?

a state of tension that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to the person's attitude

​What term refers to the idea that the more people are present when an accident occurs, the less likely people will be to help?

diffusion of responsibility

A person asks you if you would volunteer to counsel delinquent youths at a detention center for two years. When you refuse, she asks you if you could supervise the youths during a trip to the zoo. She is using the __________ effect.

door-in-the-face

Jane Elliot's "brown eye/blue eye" demonstration with her 3rd grade class in the 1970s showed

how easy it is to create prejudice in children.

If you find that you are beginning to like the person more and more that you sit next to in your psychology class, you may be experiencing the

mere exposure effect

According to the research of Latane and Darley, which of the following situations would be the most likely in which someone would offer to help?

person falling down with only one other person in it.

A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of _____ . His refusal to grant them loans is an example of _____.

prejudice; discrimination

A college instructor's schedule has her teaching an honors section of psychology. Halfway through the semester, she is told that her class was NOT an honors section after all. She responds, "This is the best class I have ever taught and the grades prove it." What concept might a psychologist use to explain the grades this class earned and the teacher's high opinion of the class?

self-fulfilling prophecy

Randa just failed her history exam because she neglected to study. Afterwards, she attributes her failure to the fact that her boyfriend kept her up too late the night before when he refused to turn down the stereo so that she could sleep. The next day she aces her biology test. Randa attributes her success on it to her own intelligence. Randa appears to be engaging in which attributional bias?

self-serving bias

We commit the fundamental attribution error when

we discount situational explanations for behavior and rely more on trait explanations.

​Milgram's obedience studies illustrate that ____.

​a majority of people in many different parts of the Western world will be obedient to an authority figure who requests unethical actions

A prejudice differs from a stereotype in that it includes ____.​

​a negative emotional reaction

Discrimination is a ____.​

​behavioral expression of prejudice

​In Zimbardo's mock prison study, ____.

​guards became abusive and prisoners became docile