Social Psychology
Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude
"Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble."
In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the _________ or the demands of the _________.
"learner"; experimenter
Vince, an extraverted university freshman, has just moved into a dormitory. Vince is most likely to become friends with:
Bill, his assigned roommate who is majoring in computer science.
Which of the following is most closely supported by research on social attraction?
Birds of a feather flock together.
How does the presence of observers affect a person's performance?
It improves performance on easy tasks and hinders a person's performance on difficult tasks
How does our explanation of strangers' behavior differ from that of our own behavior?
We explain strangers' behavior in terms of personality traits and our own behavior in terms of situational constraints.
Studies of role-playing most directly highlight the effects of
actions on attitudes
Minimal levels of father care are associated with high levels of
aggression
Ostracism has been observed to intensify
aggression
The frustration-aggression principle suggests that anger results when
an attempt to achieve some goal is blocked
The fundamental attribution error is most likely to lead observers to conclude that unemployed people
are irresponsible and unmotivated
An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by
assigned roles
Social loafing is MOST likely to occur among
audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced.
Simrin disagrees with his classmates on an issue. During a class discussion of the issue, Simrin is MOST likely to conform to his classmates' opinion if she
believes the rest of the class is unanimous in their position
If one were to generalize from Muzafer Sherif's study of conflict resolution between two groups of campers, the best way for the United States and China to improve their relationship would be to
conduct a joint space program designed to land humans on Mars.
To a social psychologist, a perceived incompatibility of goals indicates
conflict
In one study, researchers found that police officers judge Black faces that appear more typical of their race to be more
criminal
The invention and transmission of dating and courtship customs best illustrate
cultural influence
The enduring traditions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next define their
culture
The preservation of innovation best illustrates the survival value of
culture
When a mild-mannered woman had an electrode implanted in her amygdala, she
developed more aggressive tendencies
A vivid example of a North Korean's behavior has an unusually strong influence on people's judgments of all North Koreans primarily because people
estimate the frequency of group characteristics in terms of the memorability of these characteristics.
Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to
exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal
A person's behavior is most likely to be consistent with his or her attitudes when
external influences on behavior are minimal
Initially prejudiced heterosexuals are likely to develop more accepting attitudes toward homosexuals following the experience of
face-to-face contact
Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals.
frontal lobes
A gap between modest goal attainments and very high goal expectations is most likely to trigger
frustration
After Ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class, he spread false rumors intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms of the
frustration-aggression principle
Since 1960, most Western cultures have changed with remarkable speed. The LEAST likely explanation for these variations involves changes in
genetic predispositions
By providing prospective terrorists with electronic "chat rooms" for interfacing online with others who share their attitudes, the Internet most likely serves as a medium for
group polarization
An overwhelming desire for harmony in a decision-making group increases the probability of
groupthink
Alex thinks drinking sugar-laden sodas is bad for you but other players on his hockey team insist that it is not. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if
he feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team.
Attribution theory was designed to account for
how people explain others' behavior
Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)
increase in the incidence of depression and an increase in work hours.
Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. This best illustrates
ingroup bias
Employees who receive a windfall bonus are later happier if they have done something for other people with it. This suggests that altruism is
intrinsically rewarding
Groupthink can be prevented by a leader who
invites outside experts to critique a group's developing plans.
Research on physical attractiveness indicates that men are more likely than women to
judge members of the opposite sex as more attractive if they have a youthful appearance.
A readiness to assume that enslaved people deserve the terrible treatment they receive best illustrates
just-world phenomenon
An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for their sins is best explained in terms of
just-world phenomenon
After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. Cindy's reaction best illustrates
mere exposure effect
Parents who discipline their children with beatings are often teaching aggression through the process of
modeling
A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage
nonconformity
Conformity resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval is said to be a response to
normative social influence
The practice covering your mouth when you cough best illustrates the impact of
norms
Social facilitation refers to the tendency to
perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others
Observing yourself on a videotape is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to
personality traits
The two-factor theory of emotion specifically suggests that passionate love can be facilitated by
physical arousal
The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as a(n)
role
Circumstances that increase _____________ are likely to reduce _____________.
self-awareness; deindividuation
Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room. This is best explained in terms of
social facilitation
Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. This best illustrates
social facilitation
Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers. Every member of a group is to receive exactly the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper. This situation is most likely to lead to
social loafing
Youths who are shunned and mocked by peers are especially likely to respond with aggression if they have earlier experienced
social rejection
Culturally modeled guides for how to act in various situations are called
social scripts
A situation in which the individual pursuit of self-interest leads to collective destruction is known as
social trap
Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of
social trap
If a cluster of people stand gazing upward, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates
the chameleon effect
Research indicates that minorities are most influential when they
unswervingly hold to their own position.
An explanation of aggression in terms of instinct would have the most difficulty accounting for
wide cultural variations in aggressiveness
