Social Psychology Ch. 1-2

Which of the following best describes scientific theories? A. Theories explain the cause of specific behaviors. B. Theories are a collection of facts. C. Theories are scientific explanations that connect and organize existing observations. D. Theories are based on hypothetical conjecture as opposed to established evidence.

Theories are scientific explanations that connect and organize existing observations.

A(n) ___________ norm describes what is commonly done in a situation, whereas a(n) ___________ norm describes what is commonly approved or disapproved in a situation. A. Injunctive; descriptive B. Injunctive; associative C. Descriptive; injunctive D. Descriptive; associative

C. Descriptive; injunctive

A(n) ___________ theorist would be relatively more interested in similarities between people in different societies, whereas a(n) ____________ theorist would likely focus more on differences across societies. A. Social learning; evolutionary B. Social cognitive; social learning C. Evolutionary; sociocultural D. Sociocultural; social learning

C. Evolutionary; sociocultural

___________ cultures socialize members to view themselves as individuals and prioritize personal goals, whereas ___________ cultures socialize members to view themselves as members of the larger social group and prioritize the group's concerns. A. Individualistic; hedonistic B. Collectivistic; individualistic C. Individualistic; collectivistic D. Hedonistic; collectivistic

C. Individualistic; collectivistic

Which example demonstrates a person-situation interaction? A. A woman in a sad mood donates to a charity to make herself feel better. B. A man is more likely to honk his horn on a hot humid day than on a comfortable day. C. Men are more likely to help in emergencies that require heroic action, whereas women are more likely to help when emotional support is needed. D. None of the above

C. Men are more likely to help in emergencies that require heroic action, whereas women are more likely to help when emotional support is needed.

Which of the following is an example of self-regulation? A. Impressing a potential date by mentioning your high-status job B. Dressing in a professional suit for an important interview C. Sticking to your diet by not ordering dessert at a restaurant D. None of the above

C. sticking to your diet by not ordering dessert at a restaurant

People can act as situations in which of the following ways? A. The mere number of people in an environment creates different situations. B. People can act as affordances, providing threats, and opportunities. C. People communicate descriptive norms. D. All of the above

D. All of the Above

Which of the following are examples of correlation without necessary causation? A. As ice cream consumption increases, the number of reported shark bites increases. B. Women who are highly satisfied with their partners spend less time noticing other attractive men. C. Regions with a high number of churches also report a high rate of alcoholism. D. All of the above

D. All of the Above

Which of the following is a source of self-knowledge? A. Reflected appraisal B. Self-perception C. Social comparison D. All of the above

D. All of the Above

Which of these is an example of how different situations prime different parts of the person? A. A person thinks more individualistically after viewing an American flag, but thinks more collectivistically after viewing a Chinese flag. B. A person primed with words related to politeness is more likely to act polite in a subsequent social interaction than if she were primed with words related to rudeness. C. A student feels outgoing and talkative when hanging out with his friends but shy and reticent in the classroom. D. All of the above

D. All of the Above

Knowledge of a specific episode, event, or individual is a(n) ___________, whereas a(n) ___________ is knowledge of the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes, events, or individuals. A. Schema; primed knowledge B. Schema; exemplar C. Exemplar; primed knowledge D. Exemplar; schema

D. Exemplar; schema

Which of the following is a type of an experimental method? A. Case study B. Naturalistic observation C. Survey D. Field experiment E. All of the above

D. Field experiment

___________ are long-lasting feelings that are diffuse and not directed toward particular targets; ___________ are relatively intense feelings that involve physiological arousal and complex cognitions; favorable or unfavorable evaluations of particular people, objects, events or ideas are known as ___________. A. Attitudes; moods; emotions B. Emotions; moods; attitudes C. Moods; attitudes; emotions D. Moods; emotions; attitudes

D. Moods; emotions; attitudes

The study of virtuous behaviors and optimal group performance directly links social psychology with A. Clinical psychology. B. Environmental psychology. C. Cognitive neuroscience. D. Positive psychology.

D. Positive psychology.

Which of the following is true? A. Whereas clinical psychologists focus on pathology, social psychologists emphasize normal healthy behavior.Evolutionary biology, neurochemistry, history, culture, and geography all have implications for how people interact with one another. LO 1.2 Explain why social psychology is considered a bridge discipline. B. Unlike positive psychologists, social psychologists focus on problematic behaviors such as aggression and prejudice. C. Unlike environmental psychologists, social psychologists focus on personality determinants of behavior. D. Social psychologists are increasingly using the tools of neuroscience to study the links between social behavior and changes happening inside the brain and body. E. All of the above

D. Social psychologists are increasingly using the tools of neuroscience to study the links between social behavior and changes happening inside the brain and body.

Which of the following definitions is correct? A.Evolutionary perspective focuses on social behaviors as evolved adaptations that helped our ancestors survive and reproduce. B. Sociocultural perspective focuses on how social behavior is influenced by group level factors, such as social class and nationality. C. Social learning perspective focuses on past experiences with direct and indirect rewards and punishments. D. Social cognitive perspective focuses on the mental processes involved in paying attention to, interpreting, and remembering social experiences. E. All of the Above

E. All of the Above

Which of these methods uncover correlations but do not establish causes? A. Archival methods B. Naturalistic observations C. Case studies D. Surveys E. All of the above

E. All of the Above

Which of the following is not an ethical risk in social psychological research? A. Invasion of privacy B. Psychological discomfort C. Debriefing D. None of the above

C. Debriefing

Which of the following represents a "strong" situation? A. A funeral B. A friend's house party C. Spending time alone in your garage D. None of the above

A. A funeral

Which of these is an example of a situation changing the person? A. A person who grew up in New York City moves to a rural area and learns to be strongly connected to a small-town community. B. A person starts a community garden to strengthen the community's social ties and health. C. A person contributes to her community by volunteering at an animal shelter. D. All of the above

A. A person who grew up in New York City moves to a rural area and learns to be strongly connected to a small-town community.

According to your text, what is the connection between everyday goals (such as making an impression on the boss or getting a date) and fundamental motives (such as gaining status or establishing social ties)? A. Fundamental goals link our everyday goals to their ultimate functions. B. Fundamental motives are more important influences on our behavior than are everyday goals. C. Everyday goals often conflict with fundamental motives. D. Everyday goals are more important in determining our behavior than are fundamental motives.

A. Fundamental goals link our everyday goals to their ultimate functions.

Social psychology is the scientific study of A. How people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other people. B. How societal forces contribute to the development of mental illness. C. How the brain influences the development of social reactions. D. How people's reactions to others develop over the life cycle.

A. How people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by other people.

Which of these is an example of a situation choosing the person? A. A student spends the night in the library rather than at a friend's party. B. A law school applicant gets rejected from his first-choice college. C. A woman decides to start a family after finishing college. D. None of the above

B. A law school applicant gets rejected from his first-choice college.

To say that social psychology is the ultimate bridge discipline means that the field A. Links sociology and psychology. B. Connects multiple perspectives on social behavior, from biology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines. C. Connects laboratory findings with clinical applications. D. Bridges careful description with theoretical explanation.

B. Connects multiple perspectives on social behavior, from biology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines.

Which of these factors is a limitation of an experiment? A. No confounding variables B. Low external validity C. High internal validity D. The absence of demand characteristics

B. Low external validity