Social Psychology - Quiz 6

The idea that people are more likely to be influenced by messages that match their frame of mind is known as

regulatory fit.

Stephen Kraus's (1995) meta-analysis on the relationship between attitudes and behaviors showed that attitudes

significantly and substantially predict future behavior.

Attitudes are best understood as

varying in strength along both positive and negative dimensions.

Which of the following situations should prompt the least cognitive dissonance?

Abby must feel physiological arousal after her lie in order to feel cognitive dissonance.

Miss Roberto is concerned that Talia and Emily avoid playing with Michael because he is African American. Which strategy would best enable her to assess any unconscious dislike these two students feel toward Michael?

Administer an IAT to examine the girls' racial attitudes.

Which of the following situations should prompt the least cognitive dissonance?

Audrey doesn't like cats much, so she decides that her new pet will be a dog.

Which of the following would not be considered an attitude?

Dalton drives a silver minivan.

Marcia has two boyfriends, Davie and Mickey, both of whom she likes very much. She has decided that dating both of them is making her life too complicated and, after careful deliberation, has decided to stop seeing Davie and continue dating only Mickey. According to cognitive dissonance theory, which of the following should happen next?

Mickey will seem more attractive than ever, convincing Marcia that she made the right choice.

According to a 2014 Gallup poll, ____ were rated as being the most honest and having the highest ethical standards.

nurses

Dr. Flintstone, president of Quarry College, needs to convince students that the college must double its tuition beginning in five years. He is hiring someone to promote this idea, as well as developing supportive arguments. Would he need to adopt a different strategy if he instead wanted to implement the change in the next academic year?

Yes. If the change is to happen next year, the strength of the arguments will matter more than whom he hires to promote the idea.

A sleeper effect occurs when

a persuasive message from a non credible source becomes more persuasive over time.

Impression management theory suggests that people change their attitudes to match their behaviors in an effort to

appear consistent.

An attitude is implicit if you

are unaware of it.

Sally is a staunch Democrat. She has been arguing with Jim, who is a staunch Republican. In the course of their discussion, Sally is able to withstand the arguments Jim offers for his position, but just barely. She realizes afterward that her own counterarguments to his were pretty weak. Subsequent to this realization, Sally's attitude will

become less certain.

Jacqueline, an attitude researcher, is interested in how people feel about alcohol. She would be well-advised to use a

bogus pipeline because it is not as susceptible to social desirability effects.

While watching the presidential debate on television, Matilda critically evaluated the arguments made by each candidate and was persuaded to support a particular candidate because of the quality of her arguments. Matilda exhibited

central route persuasion.

Stanley's stock broker calls him and says, "I have a great stock buying opportunity for you, but I need to know right away if you want to make the purchase." Stanley refuses to act so quickly, and says, "sorry but I really need to take time to think about this and decide if it is right for me. I'll get back to you." Stanley is going to use ____ as he decides if he should follow his broker's advice.

elaboration

The covert attitude measure that uses electrodes pasted onto the scalp to record the waves of electrical brain activity is called a(n)

electroencephalograph.

Wegener et al. (1995) found that happy participants used the central route to persuasion when presented with a pro-attitudinal message, but used the peripheral route to persuasion when presented with a counter-attitudinal message. This finding suggests that

happy people avoid processing only if it threatens to spoil their mood.

High self-monitors respond more to ____ advertising.

image-oriented

A condition in which people refrain from engaging in a desirable activity, even though only mild punishment is threatened, is called

insufficient deterrence.

A social psychology graduate student who works long hours for little pay becomes increasingly convinced that she loves social psychology. This student's attitude toward her chosen field of study is most likely the result of

insufficient justification.

According to the theory of planned behavior, one reason that a person's behavior might not be consistent with that person's attitudes is that the behavior

is determined by norms that are counter to the person's attitudes.

Attitudes are useful because they

let us quickly judge whether something we encounter is good or bad.

Jaycee is extremely judgmental. She has strong opinions about politics, social issues, and moral concerns. Jaycee is high in the

need for evaluation.

A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which ____ is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change.

physiological arousal

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

psychological reactance.

The "Lipton Ice" and dextrose pill research demonstrated that subliminal messages are most effective when participants

really needed the item being advertised.

Steele's research on self-affirmation and cognitive dissonance indicates that when self-affirmations fail, dissonance

returns.

After giving the matter a great deal of thought, Iris declared chemistry rather than physics as her major. Having made this decision, she went out and had a good time with her classmates, who reminded her what a great friend she was. At that point, Iris was able to look at her choice and see both its pros and cons without glamorizing it. Her behavior can best be explained by the concept of

self-affirmation.

Michael believes that one's family is more important than one's career. In order for him to successfully convince his achievement-oriented friend Ronald that he should also possess such a value system, Michael should

suggest more of a balance between family and career concerns than is currently true for Ronald.

Sleeper effects can be reduced by reminding people that the source of a persuasive message was not credible. This supports which explanation of sleeper effects?

the discounting cue hypothesis

Eric does not really know how to answer the essay question about cognitive dissonance on his social psychology exam. He decides to write as many facts as he knows about the topic of attitudes in his exam book, hoping that the professor will not read the exams too closely and will be impressed enough by the length of his essay to give him a good score. Eric is hoping to take advantage of

the peripheral route to persuasion.

Implicit Association Tests (IATs) can detect implicit attitudes by measuring

the speed at which participants associate stimuli with a positive or negative word.

A positive, negative, or mixed response to a person, object, or idea is called a(n)​

​attitude.