Social Psychology

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people

experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar

In which of the following groups is social loafing least likely?

factory workers who are each paid on a basis of the numbers of bicycles each assembles individually

The tendency for initial compliance with a small request to facilitate subsequent compliance with a larger request is known as the

foot- in- the -door phenomenon

If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of

group polarization

Attribution theory was designed to account for

how people explain others' behavior

People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrates the subtle nature of

implicit attitude

Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. This best illustrates

in group bias

Deindividuation refers to

loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of

role- playing on attitudes

Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. This best illustrates

social facilitation

University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates:

social loafing

After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of:

superordinate goals

Mrs. Pinheiro fell on a busy city sidewalk and broke her leg. Although hundreds of pedestrians saw her lying on the ground, most failed to recognize that she was in need of medical assistance. Their oversight best illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

the bystander effect

in Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" exhibited a somewhat lower level of compliance with experimenter's order when

the experiment was not associated with a prestigious institution like Yale University.

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of

A disposition attribution

An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for their sins is best explained in terms of

A just world phenomeon

During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?

Cognitive Dissonance theory

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called

Fundamental attribution error

Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of

Social trap

Anton is the only juror to favor acquittal on a murder trial. to influence the majority he should

be self-confident and consistent in expressing his viewpoint.

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

belief-based feelings

Our attitudes are more likely to guide our actions when we

can easily recall our attitudes

The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called

cognitive dissonance

Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study

conformity

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point, angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field. This behavior is best understood in terms of

deindivduation