Social Studies 14.2 and 14.3

As people left life on the manor for life in towns, they challenged the traditional ways of feudal society in which everyone had a place.

*Serfs ran away and could then be free after living in a manor for a year and one day.* Feudal lords ran towns with tax but some refused to pay.

Purpose of making guilds

-Set wages -Set standards of product -Set good working condition If everyone agrees, together this gives you more power.

Thomas Aquinas

A European scholar that said everything could be proven by something logical.

Christian scholars from Europe visited Muslim libraries in Spain, and Jewish scholars translated Arabic copies of Greek writings into latin.

Christians were excited about Greek philosophers. They became scholastics and used their knowledge to debate. *Thomas Aquinas- a scholar that argued that the most basic religious truths could be proven by a logical argument.*

Using the three-field system, farmers began to grow crops on two-thirds of their land each year, rather than half.

Food production increased an then population grew.

The first ... was a group of merchants who worked to improve the economic and social conditions of it members.

Guild

Trade happens where and why?

In fairs/towns since many people are there and it is in the middle.

The Commercial Revolution changes trade and banking practices.

Increased availability of trade goods. Material from foreign lands became available. A self sufficient manor wasn't needed anymore.

Farmers began using a new type of harness that fitted across a horse's chest.

It enabled the horse to pull a plow and wagon instead of an ox.

Biggest group of Guilds

Merchants

Merchant and craft guilds organize and change ways to do business.

Merchants- banded together to control the number of goods being traded to keep the prices up. Craft- trained young people in a skilled job and regulated the quality of sold goods.

Growing trade and growing cities brought a new interest in learning.

New people, like scholars, came and learned about Aristotle and some became scholastics. *Creation of universities and students.*

Usuary

The church forbids Christians from lending money because it is a sin since it makes an interest. It is a sin to collect interest.

Authors began writing in the vernacular.

The everyday language of people in a region or community. Poets used this. *Wrote books in their everyday language.*

Commercial Revolution

The expansion of trade and business

As trade blossomed and farming methods improved, the population of Western Europe rose from around 30 million to about 42 million between 1000 and 1150.

Towns grew and flourished and became powerful forces for change in Europe.

Could serfs run free?

Yes as long as they had stayed at the manor for a year and one day.