Social Studies 20-1 key terms

nation

a large aggregate f people united by common descent, history, culture or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory

reasonable accommodation

a legal constitutional concept that requiems Canadian publics institutions to adapt to the religious and cultural practices of minorities as long as these practices do not violate constitutional rights and freedoms

non-nationalist loyalty

a loyalty that is not embedded in the idea of nation. People may be loyal to and identify with family, friends, a region, an idea, a collective or a group, a way of life, and a culture

civic nation

a nation created by people - no matter what their ethnicity, culture, and language - who agree to live according to particular values and beliefs expressed as the rule of law

foreign policy

a plan of action that guides a government's decisions about its relations with other countries. Also called foreign affairs or external relations

domestic policy

a plan of action that guides a governments' decisions about what to do within a country. In Canada, domestic policy decisions may include changing federal laws, settling Aboriginal land claims, and spending tax revenues

supranationalism

a policy by which countries agree to abide by the decisions of an international organization made up of independent appointed officials or representatives elected by member states

multilateralism

a policy that involves several countries working together to meet challenges and solve problems. The United Nations is multilateral in nature

isolationism

a policy whereby a country completely opts out of participating in international social, economic, political, and military affairs

national identity

a sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, and language

ethnic cleansing

a term that is used to make more socially acceptable the murder or expulsion of an ethnic nation from a territory

bilateralism

agreements between two countries to work toward resolving issues that concern both countries

peacemaking

allowing armed forces that were originally sent to maintain peace in a region of conflict to use force for reasons other than self-defence

ultra-nationalism

an extreme form of nationalism. Ultra-nationalists are often fanatically loyal to their own nation and hostile and racist toward other nations

collective consciousness

an international consciousness, or awareness, shared by man people. It may be based on a shared memory of and pride in specific events, which become myths and symbols of belonging

conscription

compulsory military service. In Canada during world war I and II, the policy was controversial, especially among Francophones in Quebec

appeasement

giving into demands. A foreign policy practiced by Britain and the United States when they granted Hitler concessions in an effort to avoid world war II

propaganda

information and ideas that are spread to achieve a specific goal. Extreme nationalists may use misleading and dishonest information to create fear and insecurity and to persuade people to behave in certain ways

holocaust

the english term used to descried the genocide of about six million jews by the Nazis during world war II

national interest

the interests of the people of a nation. National interest may include economic prosperity, security and safety, and beliefs and values

genocide

the killing of member of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; and deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction

peacekeeping

the maintenance of international peace and security by the deployment of military forces in a particular area

unilateralism

the policy of a country responding to events such on its own without agreements with or support from, other countries

self-determination

the power to control ones own affairs. National self-determination is the power of people within a nation-state or nation to make their own decisions about what is in their interest

decolonization

the process that occurs in a former colony when an imperial power withdraws. Decolonized countries can exercise sovereignty under international law and can join the United Nations

GDP (gross domestic policy)

the value of goods and services produced in a country in a year

nationalism

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts

federalists

people who support a federal system of government. In Canada, people who oppose Quebec sovereignty and believe that Quebec should remain a Canadian province, ensuring its place in confederation

separatism

the advocacy or practice of separation of a certain group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion or gender

rhetoric

the art of shaping language to influence the thoughts and actions of an audience

internationalism

the doctrine that all members of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world and that the motives of nation-states must be respected in the search for solutions

international

between countries or nation-states. Nation-states may co-operate with one another to promote peace and security, trade, health, human rights, and the protection of endangered peoples and cultures

contending loyalties

loyalties that compete. People sometimes need to choose amount various loyalties based on their commitment to those loyalties

UN security council

-most powerful body of the UN. Responsible for maintains international peace -15 members, 5 permanent, each with veto power - Britain, China, France, Russia, US -responsible for maintaining international peace and security. Enforces rules through resolutions -9 votes required to pass a resolution, however all five permanent members must approve. If even one permanent member casts a veto, the resolution fails

pluralism

a belief or doctrine that a society should reflect an inclusive approach that encourages diversity. It assumes diversity is beneficial and that diverse groups, whether these are cultural, religious, spiritual, ideological, gender, linguistic, environmental, or philosophical, should enjoy autonomy

cultural pluralism

a belief or doctrine that holds that collectives should be encouraged to affirm and promote their unique cultural identity in a diverse society

humanitarianism

humanitarian (having concern for or helping to improve the welfare and happiness of people) principles or practices

sovereigntists

in Canada, people who support the idea of Quebec's becoming an independent nation-state that can control its own destiny

patriotism

love of country and an interest in its well-being. A sense of loyalty that may be expressed in various ways

ethnic nationalism

nationalism that is founded on shared ethnicity, culture, and language. People who share these traits may choose to create a nation-state based on their collective identity

crimes against humanity

widespread or systematic attacks against a civilian population, including murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape or sexual slavery, enforced disappearance of persons, and the crime of apartheid

war crimes

wilful killing, torture or inhumane treatment; wilfully causing great suffering; and intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population or against those who are involved in a humanitarian or peace keeping mission