Social Studies Quiz - Chapter 20

What were the costs and benefits of building the Panama canal?

- $375 to build - Boats could travel faster and in both directions from the Pacific to the Carribean sea

Francisco Villa:

- A Mexican rebel who attacked Colombus, New Mexico. Mexico's president reluctantly let the US pursue Villa into Mexico. Several thousand American soldiers looked for Villa for 11 months with no luck.

Corollary:

- A logical extention of a doctrine or proposition

Isthmus:

- A narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land

Dollar Diplomacy:

- A policy based on the idea that economic ties were the best way to expand American influence

Emilio Aguinaldo

- A rebel leader who was asked to help seize Manila Bay from the Spanish by Commodore George Dewey.

Why was the building of a canal important to the US?

- A shorter route was needed linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It would improve glabal shipping and the US Navy would be able to defend the nations overseas empire much easier.

What did Americans think of the purchase of Alsaska?

- Americans called Alaksa "Seward's Folley" becuase it looked like a frozen wasteland.

William C. Gorgas

- An American expert on tropical diseases, looked for the cause of yellow fever and malaria. While other scientists found the answer in a certain type of mosquito, it was Gorgas who ordered workers of the Panama canal to clear brush and drain swamps where mosquitos lived. Becuase of his actions, yellow fever had almost been completly wiped out and malaria was signifigantly reduced in Panama.

Protectorate:

- An independent country whose policies are controlled by an outside power

Why did a Cuban discribe protectorate status as like being a dog on a leash?

- Because they were told they were free but in reality they were only as free as a dog on a leash.

Why did foreign nations want to establish spheres of influence in china?

- Becuase China was a valuable place for trading.

Why was an isthmus a good place to build a canal?

- Becuase an isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting larger pieces of land so the isthmus would be the easiest and quickest to dig the canal through.

According to Indiana Senator Albert Beveridge, where must America focus its commerce?

- China (Asia)

Why was Hawaii such a stratigic geographic acquisition

- Coal for ships going to guam - Militaray stationing

How did the treatment of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines differ?

- Cuba and Puerto Rico were all limited the amount power they were given. The US controlled their treaties, economy, and ability to borrow money. The US also made Puerto Rico's education system. The Filipinos felt betrayed when the US took control of the Phillippines. Durring a three-year war, 4,000 Americans died and 20,000 Filipinos died. The Phillippines was eventually given their freedom.

What lands did Spain lose in the Caribbean?

- Cuba and Puerto Rico were in the Carribean. The US also took over the Philippeans, which was not in the Caribbean.

What problems did canal builders overcome?

- Disease (malaria and yellow fever), mudslides, more than 6,000 workers lost thier lives during construction.

What events led to the eventual building of the Panama canal?

- During the Spanish-American war, the US Navy sent the battle ship Oregon from San Francisco to Cuba. The trip was 14,000 miles long. It took more than 2 months.

Causes of imperialism overall:

- Economic: there was a need for raw materials to use in factories, a need for materials to sell, and many people are becoming VERY rich and need a place to invest that money. - Political: The belief that the more colonies you have, the more power you have. - Religious: To spread Christianity. There was a feeling of superiority and they wanted to spread that. - Exploratory: Many people were interested in finding new plants, insects, etc. to develop medicines. - Ideological: The idea that the white race was superior to ANY other race which was considered inferior (AKA Social Darwinism).

Which causes for US overseas expansion relate to benefits for the US economy?

- European nations acquire overseas colonies and compete for recources and markets - US industry needs to acquire raw materials and to find new markets in which to sell its products

How was a strong Navy related to the expansionists' goals?

- Expansionists wanted to have a strong Navy to make America a big influence on the rest of the world

Liliuokalani:

- Hawaiian queen, strong advocate of Hawaiian independence. She refused the 1887 constitution. She wanted to restore the power of the monarchy and reduce foreign influence on Hawaii.

How did Roosevelt apply his "Big Stick" policy to Latin America?

- He wanted to prevent European nations from becoming too powerful in Latin America. So, Roosevelt made the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. This allowed the US to intervene with Europe wanting to use millitary force to collect overdue debt from the Dominican Republic.

What was the goal of Taft's dollar diplomacy?

- He wanted to protect US economic investments in Latin America and in other regions. He thought that American influence would strengthen if the US invested in economic ties.

Matthew C. Perry

- In 1853, Commodore Matthew C. Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay with a squadron of heavily armed US war ships. He was the one to present the Japanese with a letter from the president asking for trading rights.

How did the United States acquire Hawaii?

- In 1893, American planters organized an uprising without US government consent. 50 marines went to help overthrow the queen and set up a pro-American government. However, President Grover Cleveland did not want to annex Hawaii and believed that the uprising was wrong and illegal. But then, Cleveland's successor, William McKinley, favored annexation and on July 7, 1898, Congress voted to make Hawaii a territory of the US.

How did reconcentration suppress the people of Cuba?

- In reconcentration camps, food was scarce and sanitation was poor, so an estimated 200,00 Cubans died.

Consequences of imperialism:

- Japan opens up to trade with the US - Vacation spots - Sugar and Pineapples from Hawaii - Spanish-American War which resulted in the US getting Manila, Guam, and the Phillippines - Overall US expands influence

William Randolph Hearst

- Journalist of the New York Journal who tried to outdo Pulitzer in the use of sensational stories and headlines (yellow journalism)

Jose Marti

- Led Cuban exiles and urged the US to help Cuba

How did the United States help rebels in Panama?

- Many Panamanians did not like Colombian rule. Secretly, Roosevelt told them that the US would help if they claimed independence. This way, Panama would get all of the rewards of the Panama canal. On November 3, 1903, US gunboats waited in the harbor and US Marines waited in Colon to provide support to Panama and making sure no Columbian toops reached Panama's city. Three days later, Panama signed a treaty allowing the US permanent use and control of a 10-mile-wide zone across the Isthmus of Panama. The US agreed to pay $10 million plus $250,000 a year in rent.

Why did some critics think that having an overseas empire was against American ideals?

- Many critics argued that taking colonies violated the principle of the Declaration of Independence - that all people had a right to self-government.

How did the United States get Japan to open trade?

- Matthew C. Perry presented Japan a letter from the president to open trade to Americans. Japan was awed by Perry's powerful ships and guns. In 1854, Perry returned to Japan with a treaty that Japan signed.

Causes of American imperialism:

- Monroe Doctrine - Money - Social Darwinism - Militarism

How did buying Alaska provide economic benefits?

- Not only was Alaska a stepping stone for trade with Asia and the Pacific, but Alaska was found to be rich with gold!

In addition to America's "new" imperialism, how was nationalism being expressed in new ways during the 1890s?

- People started to celebrate flag day - People started to recite the pledge of alegience

In what three ways did US supporters of expansion justify increased involvement in world affairs?

- Promoting economic growth - Spreading American values - Building up trade

Frederick Jackson Turner:

- Put forth the Turner Thesis

How did the foreign policies of Roosevelt and Taft differ from Wilson's foreign policy?

- Roosevelt and Taft were dealing with Latin America while Wilson's dealt with the world.

Roosevelt corollary:

- Roosevelt stated that when the neighbors of the US got into disputes with foreign nations, the US had the right to intervine and restore order. Roosevelt used this when he wanted to prevent European nations from using military force to collect overdue debts from the Dominican Rupublic.

How did Roosevelt build on the Monroe Doctrine?

- Roosevelt wrote the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

What benefit did Seward seen in acquiring Alaska?

- Seward favored expansion so he saw Alaksa as a stepping stone for trade with Asia and the Pacific

What were the terms of the piece treaty between the US and Spain?

- Spain accepted Cuban independence. It granted Puerto Rico, the Phillipines, Guam, and Wake to the US. In return, the US paid Spain $20 million.

How was Taft's Dollar Diplomacy like Roosevelt's Corollary?

- Taft believed that economic ties were the best way to spread American influence and that is essentially what Roosevelt's Corollary is allowing to the US.

William Howard Taft Dollar Diplomacy:

- Taft urged US bankers and businesses to invest heavily in Asia and Latin America

In what regions of the world did European powers gain control of by 1900?

- The Carribean and the Pacific

What event was the immediate cause of the Spanish-American War?

- The Maine sank due to an explosion and the public blamed the Spanish. Americans demanded revenge.

Why was Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy seen as a corollary to the monroe doctrine?

- The Monroe Doctrine warns Europe to stop colonizing in US nieghbor countires. Roosevelt's foreign policy states that the US has the right to handle disputes between US neighbor countries. Roosevelts foreign policy was seen as a corallary becuase it adds onto the the Monroe Doctrine which also deals with US neighbor countries.

How did the United States gain overseas empires?

- The US favored expansionism. The US fought for new territories and sought out being a major influence on the world.

What were the results of the Philippine War?

- The US kept people of the Philippines in concentration camps and did bad things to them (torture and exclusion)

What argument did Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan make in The Influence of Sea Power Unpon History?

- The US needed sea power

How had the US replaced Spain as a colonial power in the world?

- The US replaced Spain as the leading Carribean power.

What impact did the expansion policies of European countries have on the foreign policy of the US?

- The expansion policies of European countries forced the US to make more and stronger policies to protect the US and neighbors of the US

Reconcentration:

- The forced movement of large numbers of people into detention camps for military or political reasons

What role did the press play in rallying American support for a war in Cuba?

- The press posted yellow journalism which was used to make the public angry with Spain and want to support Cuba.

What motivated the US to enter a war with Spain?

- The public was already angered becuase of the yellow journalism being posted. Then, when the Maine was sunk the public immediatly blamed Spain and wanted revenge.

What were American goals in the Pacific and Asia?

- They knew that they had to do something to compete with European factories. They wanted to gain more recources, open new markets, and encourage trade.

What arguments did expansionists make?

- They wanted increased involvement in world affairs. They suggested promoting ecomimic growth and spreading American values.

What reasons did America enter into a war with Spain?

- To give peace of mind to Americans - To end economic uncertainty

Why was the Maine in havana harbor?

- To protect American lives and property.

According to President Wilson, what was the goal of US foreign policy?

- To support and nurture democracy thoughout the world.

Effects of US overseas expansion:

- US Navy grows in size and power - US gains control of territories in the Carribean and Pacific - US issues Open Door Policy, which allows all nations to trade with China - US builds Panama Canal - US sends troops to Latin America to protect its interests

Main ideas for Section 3:

- US built Panama canal to improve global shipping and improve American defense - Disease and tough terrain made building Panama canal difficult - Foreign policy in early 1900s aimed to build US influence in Latin America

What was Wilson's policy toward Mexico?

- US foreign policy should aim to support and nurture democracy throughout the world. Wilson used a tactic called "watchful waiting" durring Mexico's violent revolution. Wilson wanted to wait for Mexico to develop a democratic government.

Main ideas for Section 1:

- US purchased Alaska and qcquired Pacific territories - US recognized the Pacific islands as important military outposts - The Open Door Policy was used to allow equal trading opportunities with nations in China

What is the goal of the US Open Door Policy?

- US secratary of state, John Hay, wanted to guarantee that China would allow equal trading rights to all nations.

Main ideas for Section 2:

- Us goes to war against Spain over Cuba and the Phillippines - battles in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico resulted in victory for the US - US took control of lands from which it had evicted Spain

Causes for US overseas expansion:

- Western frontier closes - European nations acquire overseas colonies and compete for recources and markets - US industry needs to acquire raw materials and to find new markets in which to sell its products - Some in the US want to spread American culture and values to other parts of the world

What is the Turner Thesis?

- Written by Frederick jackson Turner, it is the idea that the Western frontier had defined American history. He thought that western movement had built individualism and democratic values.

Spheres of influence:

- areas where another nation has economic and political control

Isolationism:

- avoiding involvement in other countries' affairs

Imperialism:

- building empires by imposing political and economic control over people around the world

What factors aligned to conribute to the gowth of American imperialism in the 1890s?

- economic depression - crowded cities

What are the primary golas (or causes) of imperialism?

- economic gain - places to sell

How did the division of Samoa and the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands benefit the US?

It gave the US more territory and more foreign influence.