Social Welfare 2300
Teddy Roosevelt Accomplishments
VP for an assassinated president The Square Deal: Law suites against trusts holding monopolies Hepburn Act: regulate railroad fees maximum Meat Inspection Act: safe sanitary meat Pure Food and Drug Act: contents of food/drugs on packaging. Established over 50 wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and national monuments unconcerned about popular opinion
social welfare
Well-being and interests of large numbers of people (physical, mental, emotional, economic, spiritual) a partnership between economic, political, and social institutions that state of collective well-being includes social work (all encompassing) it's is an umbrella. Nature of an environment, policies, and procedures
Abraham Lincoln
Well-spoken, honest, wise 1858 Senate loss 1860 presidential nomination 1861 succession of Confederate States Wanted to maintain union then switched to slavery 1863 Emancipation Proclamation
value
a principle/quality that is considered desirable AND influences your behavior
unworthy
able-bodied. indoor relief-almshouses/poorhouse, Calvinistic-lacked divine favor, abused in labor practice (indentured services/apprentices)
ascription
assigning attributes/qualities to a group without knowing them individually. discrimination. see group of people as less than ourselves
Charitable Organization Society
based on scientific philanthropy. Wanted philanthropy to become more business-like and professional. local business owners served as trustees on boards for COS collected info, tracked past relief, referred individuals to the appropriate agency did this with home visits (PEW charitable trusts) case conferences with local leaders to determine services needed by individuals. Encouraged funding by local business leaders took out religion as a necessity of home visits. Could receive aid without discussing religion trained/paid Agents Micro Social Work start Worthy/Unworthy poor identified focused on self-sufficiency and no free hand-outs helped people solve their own problems. Saw poverty as an individual causation casework and community involvement in health and human services (recognized they needed professionals who were trained and not just volunteers)
Woodrow Wilson Accomplishments
beat presidents cause taft and roosevelt were running on the same party ticket which split the votes. WWI and the UN
Taft
broke more trusts the Roosevelt Regulate telephone/telegraphy 16th amendment: federal income tax tariff on imported goods
mobility
change locations socially and geographically
Policy
collective course of action set by policy makers. enforced through sanctions set by highest level of the collective for the benefit of all it is 1. coercive/constraining for members 2. refers to decisions made at the highest level of the collective
Social Welfare Policy
continuing political struggle over issues posed by social ills (poverty/inequality)
Regulatory Sanctions
copyrights, building codes, zoning certification
independence
country founded on it. freedom speech, religion, press, petition
4 documents of freedom America was built on
declaration of independence, articles of confederation, constitution, bill of rights
Institutional Discrimination
deeply embedded practices that are practiced by institutions that serve as gate keepers to society (public education, justice system, racial profiling, unequal gender pay)
GNp Gross National Product
dollar value of all output of all goods/services by US companies
GDP Gross Domestic Product
dollar value of total output of all goods/services of US and foreign companies
institutions influence
economical, political, and social programs affecting social welfare
Friedlander's Definition of Social Welfare
encompasses the well-being and interest of large numbers of people including physical, educational, emotional, mental, economic, and spiritual needs
individualism
everyone is different. like to do things by ourselves
social work
field that seeks to achieve justice and social welfare for the whole population the profession trying to impact social welfare
Bill of Rights
first 10 amendments to the Constitution 1st amendment: freedom of speech, religion, press, petition gov, and peaceable assembly those who weren't protestant were discriminated against
mutual benefit organizations
focus on aiding their members (credit unions, fraternal organizations, labor unions, veterans organizations)
conservatives and social welfare/political theory
free market economy and limited gov (defend private property/maintain social order). Welfare comes from philanthropy and community institutions/private sources. Competition, consumption, and supply/demand take care of market profit controls competition and supply/demand individual causation for guns anti abortion
Common Good
from Plato, Aristotle, John Rawls general conditions that are equally available to everyone's advantage social systems benefit people individual rights vs common good
thomas jefferson
fundamental in documents
15th Amendment
gave black men the right to vote
What are indicators of social welfare?
human services: unemployment/poverty rates education: drop-out rates/literacy stats politics: voter registration levels/voter turnout
How do values influence society?
influence how we see quality of life and how institutions run.
moralism
judgement call, see addiction/poverty/mental health as the individuals fault. inequality
Popular sovereignty
leave the decision making to the settlers majority rules
liberals and social welfare/political theory
more regulated market and activist government. gov steps in when there is controversy/recession be involved in racism/sexism/labor rights/environmental issues government helps ensure welfare by regulating business/economy/social justice societal causation
Social sector (voluntary/private nonprofit)
non-profit organizations (tax exempt)
13th Amendment
outlawed slavery and legitimized the democratic process passed right before the South surrendered
Major organizational means of congress?
parties and systems each party has a leader (majority or minority) majority party leads discussions and has majority on committees
Poverty as a Culture
people are poor due to shared beliefs about instant gratification and obstacles in opportunities and societal stratification family/friends want them to stay in poverty with them
Human Capital Theory
people are poor when society does not value their skills economically kindergarten teachers don't matter as much (not paid as much) but broker is
causation influences
policy
political patronage
political parties provided jobs/services for individuals in return for their political support progressives fought against this by demanding government positions be given on merit cost the government a lot of money. started becoming too expensive
Values influence
political theory
social welfare issue in early south
poor hygiene, discrimination, no education for underclass, poverty
status
position of a person in society and group. Class/money, professions/occupations, education, power (money/no fear), prestige status is thought to be attained, but is actually assigned.
Exploitation Theory
poverty stems from a capitalistic system in which the wealthy benefit from taking advantage of the poor or working class Dishwasher doesn't make much but the owner does
Consumer Price Index
prices of market items purchased by urban consumers
Antitrust Act 1890
regulate business monopoly and promote free competition
May 1965
remaining Confederates surrender
radical left and social welfare
reorganization of institutions. government planned economy. democracy in business. Government provides social welfare for all.
Elizabethian Poor Laws: what we took with us
residency requirements, family support encouraged before assistance, worthy/unworthy poor
individual causation
social problems that are a result of individual choices. Should be alleviated by the individual choose to do drugs. not work. commit crime
societal causation
societal problems are a result of unfavorable oppressive societal factors. drugs easily available. not enough jobs. crime is a way of life govs job to help individuals
Financial Sanctions
taxes, grants, contracts, loans, fines
work
try to make success. protestant founding. work has status. centrally motivated-essential for growth and development instrumentally related-financially good, but don't enjoy
worthy poor
women, children, and veterans. Outdoor relief-given in homes, charity-favor with god, money "dole"
John Tropman's 7 Values of American Institutions
work, independence, individualism, mobility, moralism, status, ascription
Articles of Confderation
written 1777, ratified 1781 States had too much control. There was no unity
President Andrew Jackson 3 accomplishments (1829-1837)
1. Spoils System: replaced gov employees from previous administration. Brought new Cabinet 2. Corporations Inception: attacked the 2nd US Bank (monopoly on gov contracts) Ended company monopolies 3. Laborers Working Hours: lowered mandatory hours to 10 4. Indian Removal: forced Native Americans from their homes. Land taken.
4 Differences between North and South leading up to the Civil War
1. Tariffs: North wanted high tariffs on foreign products to encourage American industry South wanted low tariffs to be foreign "wants: and sell cotton with a tax 2. Land Grants: North wants land sold in small portions South wants large parcels sold to protect aristocracy/plantation owners 3. States Rights: North wanted strong national government South wanted strong states rights (slavery, land, tariffs) 4. Slavery: North: abolish slavery South: keep slavery
4 Obstacles of Common Good
1. competing values: those in charge don't want to give up power. people are selfish and want to do what benefits themselves the most 2. Free Rider: common goods are available to everyone even those who don't do their part 3. individualism: value on personal rights/positive liberty interfere with what's best for everyone 4. unequal share of the burden: some must give greater sacrifice by some than others (CO2 emission regulations on companies, tax percentages)
Study of poverty (1824) John V. Yates-Secretary of State of NY
1. first time a gov official studied something not directly impacting him. Recognized gov's potential roll in alleviating social ills 2. when large numbers of immigrants arrive at once, poverty increases the poor were treated poorly, education/morality of poor children was ignored, no employment for poor, few public funds to help the poor
3 major functions of congress
1. lawmaking (favors status quo because has to make it through committees, the house, and the senate) 2. representation 3. administrative oversight (budget hearings, confirming presidential appointments, impeachment)
6 Principles of Social Work (Jane Addams)
1. neighborhood services/community development 2. social welfare became a helping mechanism 3. immigrant focused. transition from urban to rural and new culture 4. clients viewed as able/normal were joined in mutual dependence 5. neighborhood clubs provided recreation and education 6. pushed societal reform, social research/action leading to legislative leadership and political change
What roles does the nonprofit sector have?
1. platform for social change (women's rights, civil rights, etc) 2. preserves American heritage through museums, theaters, etc 3. offers recreation to public 4. provides support to business through research 5. provides services that can't be delivered at a profit 6. promotes general welfare through health and human service agencies
capitalism
1. private property 2. private property used to gain profit 3. private property determines national economy market system laissez-faire (gov interference minimal) hurts small business admin=paid well, unskilled workers=minimum wage (causes wage gap) competition allows for demand and supply to work out at lowest possible price greater the value of an individual's production the great their income. Therefore everybody gets what they deserve.
5 Purposes of Freedman's Bureau
1. provide transportation for refugees/reuniting families 2. distributed rations/medical supplies 3. established 46 hospitals and orphanages 4. Built 4329 schools 5. Established Courts in South (legal assistance to Freed Slaves)
Senate
100. 2 from each state 30years, 9 years citizen, elected in own state
Constitution
1787 written because articles were too weak foundation for growth. sustained organization compromised on slavery (kept for south) justice, domestic tranquility, common defense
Etta Wheeler
1870s Immigration cause population to increase. High rate of poverty, crime, children abuse Rescued Mary Ellen Wilson. Testified in court (scissors, whip, locked) Police (child property). Animal law to file a suite. Started legal rights for children American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ordered to Sheltered Arm (prostitution house) Woman's Aid Society Mary Ellen was adopted by Wheeler's sister NYSPCCC- Child Protection Society's increase juvenile courts intervened with child abuse 1930 Government Agency started CPS/Foster Care
House of Reps
25, 7 years citizen, elected in own state 435 members 5 non-voting
How do economic, political, and social institutions affect social welfare?
Act separately, but collectively. Economic: entity that seeks to make a profit (business, banks, markets) Ex. if you can get a loan depends on credit rating Political: branches of gov that support/regulate business and promote social welfare. Write, enforce and judge laws (create, interpret, and administer policies) lobbyists Social Institutions: influence economic/politic institutions to promote common good (churches, charities, non-profits)
hypocrisy of Progressivism for African American population
African Americans were often blocked from receiving social welfare
Hindsdale Act 1837
All companies could apply and be approved for establishment regardless of already established companies in an area
Dorethea Dix
Asylum Reform 32 Asylums Outcasts are still human unhappy childhood. alcoholic parents Mentally ill treatment. Abuse/Mal-treatment. Gained funding for reforming mentally-ill hospitals 1934 memorial to legislature Mentally Ill, convicts, poor split. Penal reform. Education and care for prisoners
Sep 17, 1862
Battle of Antietam Union stops invasion o f Maryland 23,100 wounded/killed bloodiest day in US
Feb 9, 1861
Confederate State of America formed
April 12, 1861
Confederates open fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC CIVIL WAR BEGINS
Sept 22, 1863
Emancipation Proclamation: emancipated slaves in confederate states
Formation of the Confederacy
February 8, 1861 a convention was held. Jefferson Davis was elected president. all states were sovereign constitution similar to ours
Freedman's Bureau (5 specific purposes)
Federal gov agency that aided distressed freedmen during Reconstruction of the South March 3, 1865 first direct appropriation for poor
Seneca Falls Convention 1848 (Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretta Mott)
First exclusive Women's Rights Convention July 19, 1848 300 attendees right to vote for women Weselayen Chapel Seneca Falls, NY
April 14, 1865
Flag raised over Fort Sumter Lincoln shot (dies next day)
April 18, 1865
General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders to Sherman in NC
April 9, 1865
General Robert E. Lee surrenders
14th Amendment
Gives all blacks citizenship
Josephine Shaw Lowell
Headed the NY Charity Organization Society prominent American writer on scientific charity Progressive reform leader Established NY Consumer League: improve wages and working conditions for women
Abbot Sisters
Highly educated they sought for social welfare reform. Focused on helping needy help themselves rather than blaming. Proponents for labor reform, immigration aid, and suffrage.
trail of tears 1830
Indian Removal Act forced migration of thousands of Indians During the 1830s and 1840s, the United States government forced tens of thousands of Native Americans from the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw,Creek (Muskogee) and Seminole Nations from their lands east of the Mississippi River. The Trail of Tears was the largest forced migration in American history and resulted in the deaths of thousands of men, women and children
Cause of Poverty
Individual Choice: poor decisions lead to poverty AND Social Factors: environment leads to poverty
Why was it called the Progressive Era?
It was an era of economic, political, and social reform. Welfare came through patronage and the private sector. Progressives didn't want government welfare, but rather used government regulations to pursue social change Government social welfare programs included: Workmen's compensation, Mother's pensions, and the Children's Bureau still believed in individual causation moving to local and state welfare lead by liberal "progressives"
Settlement House Movement
Jane Addams 1889 (spinal injury) Hull House in Chicago (improve conditions of urbanization/immigration. caused upper-class americans to move to poor areas and help them) trade unions. raised money. nursed sick equality/peace housing for immigrants/needy. Run by volunteers set up the 6 principles of social work NAACP legislation to limit working hours, mandate schooling, protect immigrants, ensure safety in industry First Woman to receive Nobel Peace Prize
April 26, 1865
John Wilkes Booth is killed
Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776 to gain support from French "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
Kansas Nebraska Act (May 30, 1854)
Kansas and Nebraska's settlers would decide if they would be free or slave states caused bleeding Kansas
Society to Prevent Cruelty to Children (NY 1875)
Mary Ellen was abused. Etta Wheeler got her out through animal cruelty law. 1898-200 societies 1. investigate cases of cruelty/neglect and take it to court 2. didn't seek to help parents (yelling, protection, Italian food, alcohol, disease/crime/overcrowding)
History of Intolerance in America
Quakers, Baptists, Irish-Catholics, Immigrants, Blacks, Native Americans, Chinese rail-road workers, Japanese-Americans, Mexican-Americans voting only by "native-born" Americans burned churches, jailed/exiled other religions, branded people, killed, sexually abused, lynching, left in poverty, blocked from citizenship
Social Class Theory
Richard Hernstein and Charles Murray "The Bell Curve" looks at poverty in China and 3rd world countries poverty is due to inherited differences intelligences exists/is measurable based on race, language, and nationality
Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott
Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Fought for Women rights and suffrage Declaration of Sentiments (Stanton) Married Woman belonged to husband No property rights beaten/imprisoned no vote divorce/child custody women pay property taxes occupations closed Right to vote, Work where want, be educated, no abuse
Mary Richmond
Spokeswoman of Charity Organization Society movement in United States. wrote Social Diagnosis on social casework theory/method (helped initiate the first school for social workers NY school of philanthropy) emphasized influence of the social environment Head of the Baltimore Charity Organization Society, Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charity, and Charity Organization Department wanted professional schools for the study of case work (person-centered care)
Missouri Compromise (1820-1821)
States had to be even. So if a free state was admitted the next state would have to be a slave state
