Socialogy Midterm

Today the majority of mass media outlets are owned by _______corporations. this is a product of _______

6 Media consolidation

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as A. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results B. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research C. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand D. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population

A

Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, & the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races?

A conflict theorist

Not an example of organic solidarity

A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. Question options: a. Qualitative b. Pathos c. Logos d. Quantitative

A. Quantitative

Personal location

Age, sex, occupation

Which of the following is not one of Marx's four types of alienation? A. Alienation from ones religion B. Alienation from the product of ones labor C. Alienation from ones self D. Alienation from others

Alienation from ones religion

The term values can be defined as: a) The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b) A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society. c) Scripture found within the Bible. d) Federal laws and regulations.

B. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society.

Social context

Broad, narrow, intimate (see the bigger picture)

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. Question options: a. Conflict theorist b. Structural functionalist c. Symbolic interactionist d. Feminist conflict theorist

C. Symbolic interactionist

How has advertising revenue changed in the past years?

Cable and online revenue has remained greatly unchanged, while newspaper and magazine advertising revenue have fallen greatly

Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? a. Carol Gilligan b. Erik Erikson c. Sigmund Freud d. Lawrence Kholberg

Carol Gilligan

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York's riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the events, & watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a _________

Case study

Durkheim defines ___ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society

Collective conscience

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based on the ____ perspective.

Conflict theory

Society and Culture

Could not exist without each other

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears shorts and a tank top while visiting temples her first week, she is met by hostility form the locals. She feels she doesn't know how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____

Culture Shock

As industrialization began to boom, Durkheim believed people were more susceptible to anomie because: A. Collective norms are weakened B. Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness C. Specialization of labor lead to alienation D. All of the above

D all of the above

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and to her surprise finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate food" she tells her family. "I hate the language and the music". "America is the best place to be". This is an example of _____

Ethnocentrism

Quincia is studying how the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small rural town in North Dakota. She spends 2 months observing the townspeople. She is conducting

Ethnography

After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a. Digital divide b. Design patent c. Stolen technology d. Evolutionary model of technological change

Evolutionary model of technological change

Herbet Spencer

Father of Social Darwinism

Auguste Comte

Father of sociology, positivism

What is a negative risk of media globalization?

Governments censoring info for their benefit

Sociology is distinguished by its focus on

Groups

Culture

Guide for living

Obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard =

High culture

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.

Independent = # of laptops Dependent= grades

Emile durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was:

It defined the difference between sociology & psychology

Education is important to society because

It teaches children facts about the world they live in It teaches them how to interact with peers It teaches them to react to authority & behave (All of the above)

Organic Solidarity (Durkheim)

Large, social bond in modern day society; diverse; people bond together based on tasks performed, interdependence, and individual rights

Functionalism

Likens society to a machine or an organism

material culture

Man made object, tangible, physical items produced and used by members of a specific culture group and reflective of their traditions, lifestyles, and technologies

What is the difference between a more and a folkway

Mores May carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not

It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a. Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development b. George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development c. Nature vs. Nurture d. Freud's theory of self-development

Nature vs Nurture

Many Americans pay for haircuts, the dentist, or transportation on bus systems. Theese actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of ______

Non- material culture

physical location

Place you live, environment

MTV'S widely watched tv series =

Popular culture

Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____

Reliability

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overheard a group of girls calling her goth and emo. She spins begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of _____

Role performance

Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as a mother, wife, and executive is an example of _____

Role strain

Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using data. What type of research should he conduct!?

Secondary data analysis

Conflict Theory

Seeks to discover tensions that exist in society

Mechanical Solidarity (Durkheim)

Small social bonds present in premodern society; people in a simple agricultural society were bonded together by shared traditions, beliefs, and experiences (little diversity)

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans & chuck Taylor's to an infamous "White" party. The majority of the party goers Rufus's to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of _____

Social control

During her fist day of kindergarten, Maria does not understand how the lunch line works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Maria's experience in the lunchroom is an example of ______

Socialization

example of sociological imagination

Suicide, personal decision, but influenced by larger forces

A class of third graders is told the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teachers reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave good. This is an example of _________

The Hawthorne Effect

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

The group is better informed than they are

example of counterculture

The hippie movement of the 1960's

non-material culture

The intangible ideas of the mind, language, knowledge , religion

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of: a. In-Group/Out-Group dynamic b. The McDonaldization of Society c. A bureaucracy d. Counter-culture

The mcdonalization of society

Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a. The preparatory stage b. The play stage c. The game stage d. The "generalized other" stage

The play stage

Karl Marx asserted that the means of societal change existed in the tension between:

The working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeois.

Peer groups are important to adolescents because:

They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents parents

One side of net neutrality

Those who provide internet service should be treated as common carriers, legally prohibited from discriminating based on the customer or nature of the goods

Parents often socialize their children to: a. Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow b. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow c. Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences d. Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people

Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow

Meritocracy

a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit—proven and documented skills

Gesellschaft (Tonnies)

a community, often urban, that is large and impersonal, with little commitment to the group or consensus on values

The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as:

a form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly

secondary group

a large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity

Reliability

a measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

Gemeinschaft (Tonnies)

a small close-knit community, often found in rural areas, in which strong personal bonds unite members; togetherness

primary group

a small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation/relationships

interpretive framework

a sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing

language

a symbolic system of communication and culture transmission

total institution

an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? Question options: a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Behaviorism

b. conflict theory

Max Weber

bureaucracy

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a) A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b) A shift in her reading habits. c) Resocialization. d) A complete and permanent loss of herself.

c. resocialization

Karl Marx

class conflict, conflict theory, father of communism

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization

coercive organization

Sociology is not

common sense

role strain

conflicts that someone feels within a role

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: a. Consumer-oriented discretion b. Laissez-faire leadership c. Conformity d. Out-group dynamics

conformity

The term media globalization can be defined as: a) The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware. b) The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. c) The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. d) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.

d) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.

habitualization

describes how "any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern, which can then be ... performed again in the future in the same manner and with the same economical effort"

Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for coursework which includes computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of: a. Computer lag b. Digital divide c. Technological pause d. New media

digital divide

Three major theoretical perspectives

functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism

Charles Cooley

looking glass self

Symbolic Interactionism

looks at individuals' everyday behavior and communication through symbols and shared meanings, how individuals cope, adapt and adjust in society

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. a. Tertiary data b. Interactive data c. Primary data d. Secondary data

secondary data

agents of socialization

social institutions, including families, schools, religion, and peer groups that help to shape individuals' basic political beliefs and values

Emile Durkheim

social integration

Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Exchange Theory

symbolic interactionism

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A ____ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management.

symbolic interactionist

sociological imagination

the ability to see the link between society and self

collective conscience

the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society

reference group

the group to which an individual compares him- or herself for a given identity

McDonaldization of Society

the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions

The term technological diffusion is defined as:

the spread of technology across borders

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: a. Voluntary organization b. Paparazzi organization c. Utilitarian organization d. Coercive organization

utilitarian organization