Socio Exam 1

Many Marxist sociologists assume that large-scale economic structures are the most important factors in shaping people's lives. This assumption is an example of

macrosociology.

Designer labels on purses and logos on shirts are both examples of

material culture.

Max Weber helped lay the groundwork for sociologists who would develop symbolic interactionism as a theory, because he believed that a social scientist should approach the study of human action:

with verstehen (understanding), which emphasizes the need for empathy with individuals' experiences.

George Herbert Mead?

Game playing involves learning to anticipate and coordinate with other players' actions.

In what way is a game of football like society according to George Herbert Mead?

In both football and society, individuals have to take into account the roles and points of view of everyone else.

Which of the following is one of the functions of symbolic culture?

It enables people to communicate

Which of the following statements best describes the approach taken by macrosociologists?

Macrosociology examines large-scale social structure to see how it affects individual lives.

Researcher Pam Fishman studied the conversations of heterosexual couples to determine how power is created and maintained through everyday, face-to-face interactions. How would you describe her approach?

Microsociological

"Each to each a looking-glass, / Reflects the other that doth pass." This line of poetry, associated with sociologist Charles Cooley, indicates that our sense of self originates in

interactions with other people.

Sociologists who conduct interviews can only gather data from a limited number of people because

interviews are too time-consuming.

Sociology can be defined as the systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior, from ________ to ________.

large-scale institutions; individual interactions

What does it mean if a sample of sociological research is representative?

A smaller group of people studied can tell us something about a larger group.

Émile Durkheim's study on suicide found that suicide rates went up when the economy slumped, but they also increased when the economy boomed. Which of Durkheim's concepts explains why both positive and negative economic conditions could increase suicide rates?

Anomie

Frances is assigned a research project in which she is to attend a celebratory family meal and analyze her experiences as she participates in the meal. She is asked to make a detailed account of the meal that includes her thoughts and feelings about the event. What type of research is Frances assigned?

Autoethnography

What economic system emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

Capitalism

A dishonest judge must pretend to be an honest judge, but even an honest judge must play the role of "honest judge" for an audience in order to interact and work with others effectively. This performance is an example of what theoretical perspective?

Dramaturgy

According to sociologists, our genetic makeup determines what kind of personality and character traits we develop in life.

FALSE

Children are taking on the role of the generalized other when they pretend to be a firefighter, mommy, or doctor.

FALSE

Formal subjects like math and reading are part of schools' hidden curriculum.

FALSE

The concept of the looking-glass self explains why we respond to the generalized other.

FALSE

Which of the following is an NOT an example for a total institution?

Family

Why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization?

Family begins the socialization process before there are any other competing influences.

Children raised without human interaction or with minimal human contact are referred to as ________ children.

Feral

What does it mean if a researcher has obtained informed consent from all of his or her participants?

Participants understand the nature of the research and are participating freely.

As children get older, which agent of socialization tends to replace parents as their most intense and immediate influence?

Peers

What kind of research are you doing if you observe a group in order to determine its norms, values, rules, and meanings?

Qualitative

10. The Egg McMuffin is a vastly more efficient version of eggs Benedict. Egg McMuffins are cheaper, ready almost instantly at drive-through windows, and can be eaten with one hand while driving. However, they do not improve on the taste of or experience eating eggs Benedict. Max Weber might have described the Egg McMuffin as the ________ of breakfast.

Rationalization

Both sides are partially right in the nature vs. nurture debate.

TRUE

Jill is visiting her boyfriend's family in China. During a conversation, she points to him with her index finger, which his family doesn't seem to like. Later, her boyfriend explains that she should point with an open hand instead of using a finger. Why is this instruction needed?

The meaning of gestures is not universal

A college student plans to go to graduate school because she thinks of herself as having excellent critical thinking skills and a brilliant mind. Where would Charles Cooley's theory of the looking-glass self suggest that she got these ideas?

These ideas come from teachers and fellow students expressing admiration.

Why do ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal?

They use their own culture as a standard of judgment.

According to the symbolic interactionist George Herbert Mead, the generalized other is

an understanding of the rules that govern a network of different players in related roles.

Research has been conducted regarding why teens engage in smoking and other deviant behaviors. The most important factor in statistically predicting whether a teen will take up a particular deviant behavior is the presence or absence of peers who also engage in that behavior. This is probably because the other teens are acting

as agents of socialization

Max Weber believed that modern industrialized societies were characterized by which of the following institutions?

bureaucracies

According to Karl Marx, how is class consciousness, or revolutionary consciousness, developed?

by the lower classes recognizing how society works and challenging those in power

Jai is conducting a sociological research study on differences in interactions between similar and dissimilar co-workers. After reviewing the literature, he developed a hypothesis and has operationalized the variables he will study. What is the next step Jai should take in the scientific method?

choose a research design or method

Critical race theory is associated with which of the major theoretical perspectives or schools of thought in sociology?

conflict theory

If changing one variable seems to lead to a change in another variable, this shows ________ but does not necessarily prove ________.

correlation; causation

The tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others is called

ethnocentrism.

The analysis of documents such as medical records, photographs, diaries, letters, newspapers, and song lyrics uses which of the following types of data?

existing sources

According to the scientific method, what are the steps in conducting research and in what order should they be completed?

form a hypothesis, define variables, choose research method, collect data

On any given day, you probably depend on many strangers to provide electricity, water, natural gas, weather forecasts, and other services. According to Émile Durkheim, this interdependence gives rise to

organic solidarity

What will a good researcher always do after formulating a general research question?

review the literature relevant to his or her topic

In 2007, the richest 1 percent of the American population owned 35 percent of the country's wealth and the bottom 80 percent of the population owned 14 percent. Karl Marx would call this

social inequality.

Which of the following theories views society as a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together?

structural functionalism

Which social theory focuses on micro-level interactions?

symbolic interactionism

What is the sociological imagination?

the ability to understand the connections between biography and history or the self and the world

Which of the following agents of socialization has the most enduring, lifelong impact on the individual?

the family

A sociologist observes that kindergartners are not just being taught about arts and crafts. They are also being taught how to be students including how to follow rules, remain in their seats, and other skills that will be necessary for the rest of their education. What are these other things that are taught in kindergarten called?

the hidden curriculum

Which of the following is one of the goals of socialization?

to teach norms, values, and beliefs