Socio. TEST 4

Which theory of prejudice is based on Karl Marx's ideas about class inequality and the desire of the bourgeoisie to protect its wealth and power?

Conflict

Groups that strongly oppose the widely accepted cultural patterns of a society are referred to as a (1960's/70's ~ hippies)

Counterculture.

When it comes to deviance, with which statement would virtually all sociologists agree?

Definitions of deviance differ across time and space.

You have witnessed an angry mob taking the law into its own hands. As a proponent of Durkheim's theory, what is your explanation?

Deviance brings people together, so acts of deviance can increase solidarity.

Black American Household's Wealth =

$11,000

Latino American Household's Wealth =

$13,700

White American Household's Wealth =

$141,900

The Sapir-Whorf thesis is based on.. (language)

.. how people perceive the world through the cultural lens of language.

What is the term for a social position that an individual occupies?

Statuses.

Someone who cites a failed educational system as a primary reason for poverty is using a/an _________ explanation for poverty.

Structural.

The political nature of norms and laws, such as laws for the rich & powerful, are masked by the widespread belief that norms and laws are natural and good. (theo. statement)

This is known as SOCIAL CONFLICT.

Wealthy people can more easily avoid being labeled as deviant.(theo. statement)

This is known as SOCIAL CONFLICT.

Deviance affirms cultural values.(theo. statement)

This is known as STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL.

Deviance occurs when there is an imbalance between society's goals and opportunity structure. (theo. statement)

This is known as STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL.

Innovative deviance occurs when people pursue widely accepted cultural goals, but society fails to provide structural opportunities for everyone to achieve those goals. (theo. statement)

This is known as STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL.

Behavior is only deviant when other people respond to it as such..(theo. statement)

This is known as SYMBOLIC INTERACTION.

The "teenage subculture" is a relatively modern phenomenon.(theo. statement)

This is known as SYMBOLIC INTERACTION.

Social stratification systems are universal, but variable.. This is SYMBOLIC INTERACTION.

This statement is TRUE.

According to Karl Marx, disparities in wealth and power between the bourgeoisie and proletariat inevitably lead to which of the following?

class conflict.

The personal disorientation that accompanies exposure to an unfamiliar way of life is termed..

culture shock.

What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that, together, constitute a people's way of life?

culture.

The fact that women can gain social prestige by adopting some masculine attributes, while men who take on feminine qualities tend to lose social status, shows us that gender is constructed as a:

hierarchy

In 2008, Lily Ledbetter became a symbol of women's unjust treatment in the workplace. Which issue had the greatest effect on her career and became her legacy?

paycheck discrimination.

According to Karl Marx, the fact that technology increases profits for capitalists while also increasing the desperation of workers illustrates that..

Capitalism sows the seed of its own destruction.

With which statement would a labeling theorist agree?

Change society's response to deviance, and you will change the level of deviance in society.

Which theory asserts that deviance and conformity result not only from what people do, but from how others respond to those actions?

Labeling Theory (goes along with Symbolic Interaction).

You have violated norms that have great moral significance. You have, therefore, violated a set of society's:

Mores.

In the nature versus nurture, debate, most social scientists believe that:

Nurture is far more important than nature.

Which of the following shows a "groupthink" dynamic?

A group seeks consensus, not opinion differences, and as a result makes a poor policy recommendation.

A family leaves Russia and takes up residence in the United States, where they gradually become less "Russian." They have thus changed their

Ethnicity

Select the type of person that, according to Merton, is generally tolerant, but discriminates on occasion in certain situations.

Fair-Weather Liberal

You have opened the door for an elderly gentleman. Your behavior illustrates...

Folkways.

If you believe that cultural values are the core of a culture, give meaning to life and bind people together you are identifying...

Functionalism.

What was Stanley Milgram's main contribution to our understanding of group behavior? (shock experiment)

Group members are surprisingly likely to obey authority figures even when they are asked to behave in unethical ways.

What was Irving Janis' main contribution to our understanding of group behavior?

Groups tend to seek consensus rather than opinion differences, often resulting in poor policy decisions. (doing something because "everyone" is doing it.)

Joan is an excellent artist, but finds she cannot devote enough time to her family. She is experiencing:

Role Conflict.

Which statement about schools as a socialization agent most closely aligns with the conflict perspective?

Schooling perpetuates differences between boys and girls.

What is the process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction?

Social Construction of Reality.

Members of all societies rely on _______ to make sense out of daily situations.

Social Structure.

True statements about primary groups...

They are of primary importance to the socialization process, They provide clues to our social identity, and Members display a personal orientation.

The distribution of wealth and income in the U.S....

Wealth and property is very unequally distributed.

a "college students" status =

a category.

Socialization is...

a lifelong process, it helps us learn culture and develop human potential, and is a social experience based on interactions with others.

Social Stratification is...

a trait of society and a system by which society ranks categories of people in hierarchy.

Select the type of person who, according to Merton, is prejudiced and discriminates against others.

active bigot

A person who becomes a senior citizen acquires an...

ascribed status.

General principles of Feminism...

elimination of gender stratification, an end to sexual violence, support for the status quo, and working to increase equality.

What is the term for a shared cultural heritage?

ethnicity

What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

ethnicity involves culture

A person who criticizes the Amish farmer(who tills his fields with horses) as uneducated and backwards is exhibiting..

ethnocentrism.

Term for group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being..

expressive leadership.

Interpretive Sociology...

focuses on the meaning people attach to behavior.

The __________ paradigm identifies the family as the backbone of society.

functional paradigm.

The 20% of families with the highest earnings in the U.S take in approximately what percentage of all income?

is 50%.

"Medicare" is considered a universal rather than means-tested program because...

it is available to virtually all American senior citizens, regardless of income.

Someone who focuses on structural explanations for poverty would be most likely to blame...

job scarcity.

According to the sociological perspective, life course stages are...

linked to biology, but the life course is largely a social construction.

All of the processes involved in Marx's theory of inequality...

revolution, immiseration, competition, and unionization.

What is the term for the observation that "situations that are defined as real become real in their consequences"?

the Thomas Theorem

Many sociologists today agree that Marx's predictions did not come true in the U.S. because:

the US economy is not based on pure capitalism.

What is the "medicalization of deviance"?

the transformation of moral and legal deviance into medical conditions.

The "medicalization of deviance" has led to which of the following?

the treatment of deviant behavior by medical means.

An alcoholic spends so much time drinking that she can't hold a job, maintain friendships, or even interact with her family members...

this is known as retreatism.

How is MOST social control achieved???

through socialization.

If one adopts the sociological perspective, he or she

will challenge commonly held beliefs.

When we say that using the sociological perspective amounts to "seeing the strange in the familiar," we mean that sociologists.

work to avoid the familiar idea that human behavior is simply a matter of what people decide to do.

A labeling theorist would agree that if...

you change society's response to deviance, and you will change the level of deviance in society.