Sociology 100 Chapter 2

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school would lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variables. a. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops b. Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades c. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

D. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from hi grandfather about the American public's perception of WW2. This is an example of a. Tertiary data b. Interactive data c. Primary data d. Secondary data

D. Secondary data

In an experiment, the researcher observes a complete social setting and all that it entails. a. True b. False

b. False

Variables that cause change in other variables a. dependent variables b. orthogonal variables c. independent variables d. instrumental variables

c. Independent variables

Quincia is studying how the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) a. Ethnography b. Case study c. Experiment d. Secondary data analysis

A. Ethnography

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific research method? a. Research existing sources b. Report results c. Receive corroboration from the field d. Formulate a hypothesis

C. Receive corroboration from the field

When study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their awareness of being observed by a researcher a. Hammer effect b. Goldfarb effect c. Weber effect d. Hawthorne effect

d. Hawthorne effect

Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? a. Institutional Review Board (IRB) b. Peter Rossi c. American Sociological Association (ASA) d. Max Weber

d. Max Weber

Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at the local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducting this study at his local Starbucks and received the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of a. Literacy b. Validity c. Interpretation d. Reliability

d. Reliability

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as a. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results. b. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research. c. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. d. A studys participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.

A. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results.

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method? a. Field research b. Surveys c. Experiments d. Secondary data analysis

a. Field research

Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research? a. Gathering data from government studies b. Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex c. Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles d. Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons

a. Gathering data for government studies

Using secondary data is considered a non-intrusive or ________ research method. method. a. nonreactive b. nonparticipatory c. nonrestrictive d. nonconfrontive

a. Nonreactive

Which materials are considered secondary data? a. Photos and letters given to you by another person b. Books and articles written by other authors about their studies c. Information that you have gathered and now have included in your results d. Responses from participants whom you both surveyed and interviewed

a. Photos and letters given to you by another person

A case study is an in-depth analysis of a single event, situation or individual. a. True b. False

a. True

A dependent variable is a variable that is changed by other variables. a. True b. False

a. True

A population is a defined group serving as the subject of a study. a. True b. False

a. True

A researcher might use a random sample in a study to represent a larger population. a. True b. False

a. True

Field research is gathering data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or survey. a. True b. False

a. True

Literature review is a scholarly research step that entails identifying and studying existing studies on a topic to create a basis for new research. a. True b. False

a. True

Qualitative data comprise information that is subjective and often based on what is seen in a natural setting. a. True b. False

a. True

Reliability is a measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced . a. True b. False

a. True

Validity is the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study. a. True b. False

a. True

Value neutrality is the act of remaining impartial, without judgment or bias during the course of a study and publishing results a. True b. False

a. True

Applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand is a. content analysis b. case study c. derivative analysis d. survey research

a. content analysis

Which research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrel Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study? a. Secondary data b. Survey c. Participant observation d. Experiment

c. Participant observation

An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and performing a study, and drawing conclusions. a. interpretive framework b. literature review c. scientific method d. none of the above

c. Scientific method

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principle will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of a. The Authority Effect b. The Regressive Effect c. The Hawthorne Effect d. The Cognizant Effect

c. The Hawthorne Effect

Sociologists test relationships in which change in one ________ causes change in another a. test subject b. behavior c. variable d. operational definition

c. variable

In a study, a group of 10 year-old boys are fed donuts every morning to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable? a. The doughnuts b. The boys c. The duration of a week d. The boys' weight

d. The boys' weight

The degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study is known as a. reliability b. value neutrality c. quantitativity d. validity

d. Validity

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics? a. To guarantee the safety of their participants b. To maintain value neutrality c. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers d. To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology

C. To ensure the financial gain of researchers

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the a. Experimental group b. Control group c. Dependent variable d. Independent variable

D. Independent variable

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads article from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and listens to interviews of influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using? a. Ethnography b. Surveys c. Experiments d. Secondary data analysis

D. Secondary data analysis

Reliability is defined by the text as a. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. b. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. c. How close the studys results come to the experimenters hypothesis. d. A measure of a studys consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

D. a measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

Which of the following is not an example of sociological hypothesis? a. The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests. b. The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account c. The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world. d. The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school

The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account.

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. a. interpretive framework b. literature review c. scientific method d. none of the above

a. Interpretive framework

A testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two or more variables a. hypothesis b. independent variable c. nonreactive variable d. non of the above

a. hypothesis

Miguel is doing research on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) a. Overview b. Case study c. Experiment d. Data analysis

b. Case study

Hypersensitive research methods use secondary data , does not include direct contact with subjects, and will not alter or influence people's behavior. a. True b. False

b. False

In secondary data collects data using survey methods and applies new interpretations. a. True b. False

b. False

Primary data are collected from archives. a. True b. False

b. False

Qualitative data represents research collected in numerical form and can be counted. a. True b. False

b. False

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen attends pledge-week activities and pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of a. Literature review b. Participant observation c. Secondary data analysis d. Dependent variables

b. Participant observation

Correlation is when a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable and necessarily indicates causation. a. True b. False

b. false

Why is choosing random samples an effective way to select participants? a. Participants do not know they are part of a study b. The researcher has no control over who is in the study c. It is larger than an ordinary sample d. Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study

b. the researcher has no control over who is in the study

Which statement best provides the best operational definition of childhood obesity? a. Children who eat unhealthy foods and spend too much time watching television and playing video games b. A distressing trend that can lead to health issues including type 2 diabetes and heart disease c. Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height d. The tendency of children today to weigh more than children of earlier generations

c. Body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height

Which of the following is an example of unethical sociological research practice? a. Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment b. Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict c. Observing study participants without their consent d. Using a control group and an experimental group during observation

c. Observing study participants without their consent

A specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study is known as a a. null hypothesis b. alternative hypothesis c. operational definition d. panjandrum

c. Operational definition

What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study Parrotheads? a. Survey b. Experiment c. Web Ethnography d. Case study

c. Web ethnography

The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is a. ethnography isnt based on hypothesis testing b. ethnography subjects are unaware theyre being studied c. ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups d. ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community

d. Ethnography focuses on how subjects view themselves in relationship to the community

Which statement illustrates value neutrality? a. Obesity in children is obviously a result of parental neglect and, therefore, schools should take a greater role to prevent it b. In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools c. Merely restricting childrens access to junk food at school is not enough to prevent obesity d. Physical activity and healthy eating are a fundamental part of a childs education

d. Physical activity and healthy eating are a fundamental part of a child's education

Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct? a. A survey b. Field research c. An experiment d. Secondary data analysis

d. Secondary data analysis

To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding from? a. A fast-food restaurant b. A nonprofit health organization c. A private hospital d. A governmental agency like Health and Social Services

a. A fast food restaurant

What is the importance of interpretive framework? a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participants social world. b. It eliminates the need for a literature review. c. It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships. d. It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.

A. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world.

Which best describes the results of a case study? a. It produces more reliable results than other methods because of its depth b. Its results are not generally applicable c. It relies solely on secondary data analysis d. All of the above

d. All of the above

A technique in which virtually all previous studies on a specific subject are evaluated together is called a. meta-analysis b. nonreactive c. literature review d. none of the above

a. Meta-analysis

The term interpretive framework can be defined as a. A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results. b. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. c. An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. d. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study d. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

b. A sociological research approach the seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observvation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

A measurement is considered ______ if it actually measures what it intends to measure, according to the topic of study. a. reliable b. sociological c. valid d. quantitative

c. valid

Surveys collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire and can be conducted by a. mail b. internet c. face-to-face d. all of the above

d. All of the above