Sociology 109 final exam

What is the difference between basic and applied research?

Applied research is gathering knowledge that can be used for social change

What do socioloigist claim is the most significant component of culture?

language

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that:

language can structure our perception of reality

How does the text book define "hidden curriculum"

lessons that students learned indirectly through the method in which the curriculum is presented and the way the school is organized

Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affairs norms

The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called:

differential association theory

When we focus on making a person comfortable at the end of life, we are practicing _____________ care

palliative

Organization designed to raise money to support the interests of a particular group are called:

political action committee

Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism?

privatization of the means of production

A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is:

racism

According to Randell collins our educational system is much like a tribal initiation rite, a secret society. or closed occupational caste not a rational system that produces more efficient prodution

reproducing the existing class structure

Tatics that let workers take back some degree of control over the conditions in which they work are called:

resistance strategies

A society that separates church and state is a ______________ society

secular

_____________ carry and spread germs in geographic locations around the world

vector organisms

What economic system emerged during the Industrial Revolution

Capitalism

Which of the following statements best characterizes micro sociology?

It is an approach that examines interactions between individuals and the way those interactions reflect larger patterns within a society

Which of the following statement best describes the approach taken by marcosociologist

Macrosociology examines large-scale social structure to see how it affects individual lives

Which of the following theories focuses on how our behaviors are dependent on the ways we interpret, make sense of, and define ourselves, others, and social situations

Symbolic Interactionism

creates, maintains, legitimizes, and control medicine in the united states

The American Medical Association

What is sociological imagination?

The ability to understand the connections between biography and history, or the interplay of the self and the world

Which of the following is one of the steps in Charles Cooley's model of the looking glass self?

We try to interpret other people's reactions to our presence of ourselves

Most sociologist argue that gender is a social construction and they acknowledge the possibility that binary male-female categories are not the only way of classifying individuals. This perspective is called:

a constructionist perspective

How do sociologist define ethnicity?

a group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage

Intrinsic religiosity can be defined as:

a persons inner religious life

Patriarchy can be defined as:

a society in which women are dominated by men

What is pilot study?

a study designed to improve the target population of a larger study

What has modern science determined about racial categories?

biologically there is no such thing as pure race

Which of the following is one of the basic principles of social stratification

caste

Because laws represent the treats of those in power crimes committed by the upper class are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower class. The argument is consistent with:

conflict theory

Unlike sociologists, most people base their knowledge of the world on:

conventional wisdom, background knowledge, and. personal experience

What is the definition of culture?

culture is the entire way of life of a group of people and it acts as a lens through which we view the world

Which theoretical explanation for suicide emphasizes there must be something about a place that makes people suicidal?

ecological

According to Karl Max, what social relations matter most in a capitalist system

economic relations

What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members?

education

When the incidence of a particular infectious disease is drastically larger than first estimated this is referred to as:

epidemic

how is institutional discrimination different from individual discrimination?

institutional discrimination is more systematic and widespread

From a structural fundamentalists perspective religion fills what role in society?

it provides its adherents with a set of values, norms, and rules by which to live

What does Pierre Bourdieu call the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time

social reproduction

The economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production and collective distribution of goods and services is called:

socialism

Drugs and alcohol are used as an escape from the strains of the social system. Which theory takes this approach to understanding addiction?

structural functionalism

What school of social thought insists that all social structures, including systems of stratification are built out of everyday interactions?

symbolic interactionism

Unlike a folkway a more is closely related to:

the core values of a group

what is religiosity

the extent of a persons commitment to a religion

women are more likely than me to live in poverty, a situation often referred to as:

the feminization of poverty

Wright mills identifies the small and unified group of people who occupy the highest position of the major economic, political, and military institutions and expertise tremendous influence in American social life as:

the power elite

________________ diseases come on suddenly and are often contagious

acute

Emile Durkheim worried that an increasing fragmented modern world, individuals would feel less and less connected to group which would lead to:

anomie, or normlessness

According to conflict theory why are women contributions to family life devalued?

as a social group men benefit from maintaining there dominant status

The concept of acknowledging and incorporating a patients cultural background as part of the treatment process Is called:

cultural competence

An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called:

discrimination

The tendency to use your own groups way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others is called?

ethnocentrism

How does the FBI's Uniform Crime Report measure crime?

every crime reported by over seventeen thousand law enforcement agencies in the United States is tabulated

Religious groups that emphasize literal interpretation of sacred texts are called:

fundamentalists

A persons self conception of being Male or Female based on his or her association with masculine or feminine gender roles can be defined as:

gender identity

As the process __________________ develops we will be less likely to treat someone who has mental health issues as having something he or she should just "deal with" or "get over" individually. Instead we will be more likely to think of the issues as having to do with a disease.

medicalization

What is it called when nations compete to attract transnational corporations by undercutting their citizens wages or offering tax incentives

the race to the bottom

What change caused people to migrate to cities from rural areas?

the switch to a manufacturing economy

Which of the following would sociologist consider the best definition of deviance?

violations of social norms

When our individual, genetic, and sociological illness and disease risks are exacerbated by social factors like the neighborhood where we live, race, ethnic, and class inequality and corporate and governmental policies and practices, this is referred to sociology as:

deprivation amplification