Sociology 111 Chapter 21

Motivational framing

A call to action.

Value-added theory

A functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur.

Social movement

A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.

Mass

A relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity.

Social movement organization

A single social movement group.

Public

An unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas.

Reform movements

Movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure.

Revolutionary movements

Movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society.

Religious/redemptive movements

Movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth and individuals.

Alternative movements

Social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals.

Social change

The change in a society created through social movements as well as through external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations.

Modernization

The process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies.

New social movement theory

Theory that attempts to explain the proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to understand using traditional social movement theories.

Resource mobilization theory

Theory that explains social movements' success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals.

Resistance movements

Those who seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure.

Frame alignment process

Using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement.

Crowd

When a fairly large number of people share close proximity.

Prognostic framing

When social movements state a clear solution and a means of implementation.

Diagnostic framing

When the social problem is stated in the clear, easily understood manner.

Acting Crowds

Crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

Expressive crowds

Crowds who share opportunities to express emotions.

Flash mob

A large group of people who gathered together in the spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time.

Collective behavior

A non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage.

Emergent norm theory

A perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior.

Assembling Perspective

A theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action.

Conventional crowds

People who come together for a regularly scheduled event.

Casual crowds

People who share close proximity without really interacting.

Social movement industry

The collection of the social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goals.

Social movement sector

The multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varied constituents and goals.