Sociology 2

Explain the four examples given below on Demographic Transition: Stage 1) When the soviets invaded Afghanistan it left the country in pieces afterwards. Because the society was destroyed there was high mortality amongst the people, and Russian soldiers would often rape women so there was an increase in birth rates. Stage 2) After years went on, the country started to establish a healthcare system, there was better sanitation with bathrooms being built and homes being reconstructed. This resulted in improvements in the society. Stage 3) As the times became more modern in afghanistan, families realized it was too difficult to support that many children because of the income. The society shifted from agriculture reliance to industrial, and they started to incorporate contraception for women. Stage 4) Lastly, the society started to flourish through a more modern and industrial society.

Demographic Transition illustrates how a society shifts in birth and death rates as it moves from preindustrial to industrial. Stage 1) This stage illustrates that there are HIGH FERTILITY & MORTALITY at the preindustrial stage Stage 2) This stage illustrates a DECREASE in MORTALITY because of societal improvements. Stage 3) This stage illustrates how there is a DECREASE in FERTILITY Stage 4) This stage illustrates LOW FERTILITY & MORTALITY

Explain the 3 major Perspectives of Globalization: 1) Hyperglobalization Perspective 2) Skeptical Perspective 3) Transformationalist Perspective

1) Hyperglobalization: These are the new modern era in human history influenced by western culture and caused by economic and global economy. 2) Skeptical Perspective: They consider globalization as being regionalized within certain countries. 3) Transformationalist Perspective: They believe that globalization is changing but aren't sure how it is changing in what way, and the outcomes are not determined.

For me starting out as a middle class student and then becoming a doctor is a definite change in social class, while this same change is experienced by my parents because they see me go to another social class. As a result, differentiate between intra and intergenerational social mobility in this example?

Based on this example intergenerational social mobility is seen by my parents because that is when one or more family member change in social class between generations, while me going from middle class student to graduating as a doctor is intragenerational social mobility because I am changing social classes with my own lifespan.

Discrimination between a black women, and discrimination between a women and blacks is different or the same? What concept is this?

It is different and this illustrates intersectionality because those that are disadvantaged by more than one oppressed group experience their own form of discrimination.

Many American feel that America is based on the American dream that if you are talented, can work hard, you can move up the social ladder, while others believe that Rothschild family will always be in power, or in England that the Royals will always rule, or Lastly, that only physicians, lawyers, CEOs, and engineers will have a good living in America. Illustrate Which term matches with each concept?

Meritocracy illustrates that a society can advance in opportunity based on ability or achievement. Aristocracy is that the highest social class will advance. Monarchy is that ruled by a royal family. Plutocracy is ruled by the upper classes.

Based on the Malthusian Theory what is going to happen to the population over time?

Over time there is going to be more individuals and not enough farmland to produce food to sustain the population, thus leading to starvation and conflict over time.

When I was in Morocco I saw black girls there except they weren't the same black girls that are in America, yet they had the same skin color. Based on this example differentiate between race and ethnicity?

Race is an identifiable trait that is a social construct based on difference in groups, while ethnicity has to do with cultural factors and is still a social construct as well. The difference is that black people can be identified as a race but there can be multiple ethnicities with black people such as Moroccans, AFrican, and African Americans.

One A CNA changes jobs to become a physical therapy aid, while another CNA decides she wants to become a surgeon and go back to medical school because she worked with so many surgeons at her hospital. Based on this example illustrated which vertical and horizontal mobility?

The CNA becoming the surgeon is vertical mobility because she is changing social classes, while the CNA switching jobs to a physical therapy aid is horizontal mobility because she is staying in the same social class.

When we think of the Elite wealthy individuals in our society they are against the norms of the community because they want what is best for themselves. While When we see Mormons we can see that they can have multiple wives, which is something that is against what American culture stands for. Based on these two examples what concepts do they illustrate?

The first example is subculture because we have another group of people that is branched off. The second example is counterculture because we are going against the normal standards of society.

In New York you see a lot of homeless people and poor people the Brooklyn, while On the upper east side of Manhattan you see a teacher barely being able to survive living paycheck to paycheck , however the teacher's neighbors are all doctors, lawyers, and engineers living lavishly. Based on these examples what type of poverty if each?

The poor homeless people are absolute poverty because their income is too low to provide life necessities, which shows by the lack of money and resources to maintain a quality of life such as basic needs. While, the teacher is relative poverty because her neighborhood is a rather wealthy area of NY, but because her salary can't support it she is low income compared to the other people in her area.

During the soviet invasion my parents had to escape their country. When my parents fled to America they saw this opportunity as a great one because it was a country with lots of growth if you work hard you can be very successful. In this example illustrate how the following 4 terms are being used: 1) Immigration 2) Emmigration 3) Pull factor 4) Push Factor

The soviet invasion was a push factor for my parents to leave their country because it shows the negative attributes of the location and it encourages immigration, which is when someone leaves to another nation or region away from their own. Coming to America was a pull factor because it brought lots of opportunity for my parents being able to raise a family and work hard to be successful, as a result of them fleeing Afghanistan that illustrates emigration because it is movement out of a nation or region.

Being able to speak at a presentation, or use silverware properly at a restaurant are examples of what?

These are examples of cultural capital because it refers to the benefits one receives from knowledge, abilities, and skills.

The neighborhood where I live in has about the same social class people, but individuals that are aware of the social class and need for collective political action share the same goals. What concept does this illustrate?

This is an example of Class consciousness because the people in the social class are aware or conscious of themselves as a class.

During the month of Ramadan Muslims have to fast and pray 5 times a day. So at work if an employee has to take frequent breaks to fast it may affect the duties that have to be down by that employee, with another employee and cause conflict. As a result what concept is this an example of?

This is an example of Cultural barrier because one's culture is causing a barrier between interaction with others.

When we look at the country turkey we see that it is located in such a region where it has influence from European and middle eastern countries because it can trade, interact, and travel easily amongst those countries. . As a result, this creates for such a huge amount of diversity in the country. What concept does this illustrate?

This is an example of Globalization because it shows how there is an integration of individual economies and cultures into a more unified global economy and culture.

When I went to Morocco I noticed that the Doors were designed so beautifully which is unique to their culture. Alos, I observed that during the night time in Ramadan people would gather together with drums and different instruments and dance together. What two concepts is this an example of?

This is an example of Material vs symbolic culture. The material culture is an object that is unique to that culture, which is the doors and beautiful art, while the symbolic culture is the their tradition or ideals associated with their culture. This is an example of culture because it illustrates the beliefs, languages, rituals, symbols, and values of another group of people.

Traditional Afghans like Pashtuns have a very bad mindset towards women where they think that they should be the ones at home taking car of the kids, not working, and having to listen to the orders of the husband. What concept does this illustrate?

This is an example of Patriarchy because it shows a greater power difference where women are inferior than men.

Many middle eastern countries today force the hijab on women. However, some countries don't anymore because women felt deprived of their rights because they were forced to where it, and some didn't want to. What concept does this illustrate? What can this cause amongst Muslim women? How do formal organizations relate to this example?

This is an example of Relative Deprivation because it shows how someone is being deprived of something which they are suppose to feel entitled for. It is said to be relative because one compares it to another situation and feels that they have less then they have deserved. This is definitely the case because these women look at other Muslim women in other countries that aren't forced to wear the hijab. This can cause social movement because relative deprivation causes deviance and grievance amongst people. Social movement organizations that protect women's rights are subcomponents of the moment. They are often non profit organization. Ex: Im WISE WOMEN

As a practicing physician going to Rural or agricultural cities will have some of our loans paid for because there aren't much doctors in that area, while many doctors like to come to cities like LA, NY, San Diego or Miami because they are centralized cities with a higher opportunity for economic growth. However, because so many doctors and other professional from other practices want to come to these cities it creates a large increase of people in an area. Based on this example what does this illustrate?

This is an example of Urbanization because it illustrates going away from rural areas to more urban areas. Rural areas have less than a 1000 people, while urban areas have more than 1000 people and cities and metropolis are even greater.

When we see a dominant country such as America using Africa for resources, such as Nike having harsh labor conditions on African workers and pay them very little money. As a result, these smaller countries have no choice but to work for cheaper amounts because they rely on the more dominant ones like America for capital. Lastly countries like India and Brazil are in the middle of the dominant countries and lower class countries. What concept does this illustrate?

This is an example of World system theory of Globalization. It shows how there are inequalities between the globe similar to inequality present in individual societies. Core countries = dominate and exploit peripheral countries for labor and raw materials Ex: Western Europe and U.S. Peripheral countries = Dependent on core countries, especially for money. Ex: Latin America and Africa Semi Peripheral Countries: Feature characteristics of both core and peripheral countries Ex: India & Brazil Middle ground

When I volunteer in the acute care in hospitals I see a lot of older aged individuals that are my grandparents age, what does this tell me about the demographic and what concept does this illustrate?

This is an example of age cohort because it shows a group of people that in society that share common characteristics. Also, in the United States the 85 and older group is the fastest age cohort.

My mom not being able to learn how to get a facebook profile or use the internet what is that an example of?

This is an example of cultural lag because cultural elements are more quickly to change causing a conflict in the culture.

When I was in London the streets are very narrow and everyone drives on the opposite side of the road as do americans. What concept does this illustrate why was I so freaked out by this?

This is an example of culture shock because its a feeling of disorientation when you are experiencing another culture.

When we see young boys and girls go to the girls and boys bathroom at school, what is that a result of a difference in what? Gender or Sex? Why is that?

This is an example of gender differences because men and women are seen to have different roles, behaviors, cultural and psychological customs. While sex is observable biological traits. This is also an example of gender segregation because men and women are legally and socially separated according to their sex. This occurs because there are social constructs on gender, meaning that our society has developed these things about men and women. That women are supposed to be more emotional and nurturing, while men are supposed to be the providers and protectors.

Northern Europeans relied heavily on cattles and drink their milk. Because of this they were able to get the nutrients from the milk and it increased their fitness or survival so they can reproduce more offspring. Also, if you think about certain cultures relied on certain foods they had to produce the biological enzymes through evolutions to be able to break down those foods, which passed down to their offspring. Therefore, what concept does this illustrate?

This is an example of how culture speeds up human evolution. It shows that as culture change occurs it directly affects evolution, and the more dramatic the cultural change the faster it will affect evolution.

Through snapchat lots of young girls are posing in selfie images because they see young models, actress, or singers do the same thing. At the same time, the shift in our society to focus more on our appearance has a direct affect to our cultural. What is this an example of?

This is an example of mass media and how media conveys information to large groups of people at one time. *Also, This shows how the media influences cultural values, and how cultural values can influence the media. Cultural Values <--> Mass media

When I coach basketball I try to give equal attention to all kids from various cultures weather they are white, asian, black, or afghan. What concept does this illustrate?

This is an example of multiculturalism because we have to give equal rights to everyone from different cultures, when recognizing the cultural diversity.

Since I network a lot at Osteopathic conventions and I can get into a medical school based on my connections, What concept does this illustrate?

This is an example of social capital because it is investments people make in society for either economic or collective rewards. Being able to social network is a collective reward because I am gaining something in the future from it.

When I play basketball I don't want the older man on my team I want the younger guy, this is an example of what?

this is an example of ageism because it is prejudice or discrimination on the basis of someone's age.