Sociology

Examples include journals, studies, books, and articles

"The Literature"

We are often subconsciously following norms in our everyday behavior.

True

The status that you may rise into as a result of hard work and/or talent or the status you may fall into as a result of economic hardship or personal problems is your ____.

achieved status

According to Erving Goffman, a stigma is

an extremely negative and powerful label that alters both the person's social identity and his self-concept

The terms sociology and society can be used interchangeably.

false

There is little to no connection between socioeconomic status and political engagement

false

the idea that norms help to reinforce the positions of the powerful in society and that deviance is seen as interfering with the smooth operation of a capitalist economy is part of the _______ perspective

Conflict Theory

Deviance is viewed negatively by ALL members of society.

False

Being able to imagine what you stand to lose when deciding whether to conform or deviate from a social norm is part of

Hirschi's Social Control Theory

All of the following are part of Durkheim's "Four Functions of Deviance" EXCEPT

Norms benefit the most powerful people in society

Which of the following are theories of prejudice and discrimination? (Check all that apply)

Rational Perception Passive - Aggressive Authoritarian Personality Biased Media

Plan or method of gathering data

Research Design

Measure of whether or not a study measured what it was intended to measure

Validity

Classes have different amounts of which of the following? (Check all that apply)

Wealth Power Prestige

. The study of society that emphasizes using knowledge to improve the life of the community is referred to as ____ sociology.

applied

variation is not dependent on change in another variable; thought to cause change in the other variable(s)

independent varible

Sociology is defined as

the study of society.

A sociological _____ is an explanation of a social problem, action, or behavior.

theory

A Social Construction is a concept that has no objective reality but rather is what people decide it is; race is best viewed by the sociologist as a social construction.

true

A social construction is a concept that has no objective reality but rather is what people decide it is; race is best viewed by the sociologist as a social construction.

true

All crime is deviant behavior, but not all deviant behavior is criminal.

true

Recently, the gap between the rich and poor in the United States has widened and upward social mobility is low relative to other wealthy nations.

true

Sexism consists of the beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values that justify treating people unequally because of sex or gender.

true

Sociologists are concerned with the role religion plays in affecting social patterns.

true

Sociology is a social science.

true

Sociology is the study of society.

true

The United States is the most religiously diverse nation in the world.

true

The dominant group, or the in-group, shares a common identity and sees itself in competition with the out-group.

true

Which of the following are broad categories of crime?

Crimes against the Person property crimes

The prominent figure in early sociology who conducted an extensive study in the group causes of suicide and who believed that sociology should be concerned with social facts was ____.

Emile Durkheim

_____ functions, according to Robert Merton, are unconscious, or hidden functions of an institution.

Latent

_______ is the foundation of sociological studies.

Objectivity

Other social sciences include psychology, history, anthropology, economics, and political science.

true

The one of the most significant developments in the last few decades in Sociology has been an explosion of specialties and sub-specialties.

true

The first person to use the term "Sociology" and is considered the "Father of Sociology" was

Auguste Comte

____ coined the phrase "sociological imagination" to describe the perspective sociologists employ to view society as an outsider, or without bias.

C. Wright Mills

Period that saw major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times is referred to as the

Industrial Revolution

A key figure in sociology who believed that history is characterized by conflicts between classes of people was

Karl Marx

Which of the following have led to the graying of America? (Check all that apply)

Lower birth rates and increased longevity Differences in caregiving and care-receiving in an individualistic society Baby Boomers are reaching retirement age.

_____ functions, according to Robert Merton, are those functions of an institution that are obvious and stated.

Manifest

Which of the following are elements of most crimes? (Check all that apply)

Mens rea, "Guilty State of Mind" Actus reus, "Guilty Act"

The social class you are born into or the social class of your parents is referred to as your ____.

ascribed status

The study of society that emphasizes the scientific and unbiased examination of society is referred to as _____ Sociology

basic

Something that may change as a result of altering another variable

dependent variable

Settlement houses were created to

ease social problems like poverty

An _____ argument can be proven or disproved through experiments and/or observations.

empirical

Sociologist try to avoid controversial topics so they don't make anyone uncomfortable.

false

Boomerang children are adult children who have returned home to live their parent(s).

true

Crime is an example of deviation from formal norms.

true

_____ conducted a study of suicide that illustrated the sociological imagination approach, even while the term had not been used yet.

Emile Durkheim

The period of time in which people looked to reason to explain their world which pre-dates the creation of sociology as a discipline is referred to as the ____.

Enlightenment

Means field research or studying society through detailed observations; a qualitative method of sociological research

Ethnography

. ______ is the branch of sociology that looks at society as a whole, or the "big picture"; Structural Functionalist and Conflict Theory perspectives are examples of this approach to the study of society.

Macrosociology

The prominent sociologist who believed that sociologists needed to have an empathetic understanding of human behavior, or Verstehen, was

Max Weber

_______ is the branch of sociology that concerns itself with small group or one-to-one interactions; the Symbolic Interactionist perspective is this approach to the study of society.

Microsociology

The idea that society could be studied scientifically and that we could make sense out of our world is referred to as

Positivism

Which of the following are benefits to studying Sociology? (Check all that apply.)

Sociology can help you understand why a particular social problem exists and may help you to improve society based on that understanding. You can learn about the society you live in. You can gain an understanding of how your own behavior or life is impacted by the society you live in.

Questions about data - did the data measure what was supposed to measured and is the data consistent?

empirical question

. People age 65 and older are the age group most likely to experience poverty in the United States.

false

. You can use the terms society and sociology interchangeably.

false

Achieved status is the one you are born into and ascribed status is one you may end up in as a result of talent and hard work.

false

Belonging to a perceived racial group is an achieved status.

false

Crime and poverty are examples of sociological problems.

false

Gender and sex are terms used interchangeably by the Sociologist.

false

Gender and sex are terms used interchangeably by the sociologist.

false

How poverty is measured is without controversy since the government publishes the official guidelines every year.

false

Jane Addams and the Progressive Party supported Woodrow Wilson in the presidential election of 1912.

false

Jane Addams did not believe that women should get the right to vote.

false

Mass media generally promote strong, intelligent images of women and girls.

false

Older people in industrial and post-industrial societies like the United States are generally viewed with great respect and are one group not subject to stereotyping or discrimination.

false

Sociological studies always confirm what we already know through our own common sense.

false

Sociologists don't have to worry about bias in their studies.

false

Sociologists have found little to no correlation between religion and social categories like ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status (SES), or educational attainment

false

Sociologists prefer defining race as a biological category since the physical differences between members of different races are distinct and clear.

false

Sociology is a natural science.

false

Sociology today utilizes only the basic approach.

false

The American family has undergone very little change since the 1950s.

false

The Power Elite theory purports that while a small group of people run the country, they are serving the citizens' best interest.

false

The United States has one of the lowest incarceration rates in the world.

false

The United States has the smallest gap in wealth and the greatest social mobility when compared to other wealthy nations.

false

The United States is mostly a secular, and not religious or spiritual, society.

false

The metaphor for the invisible barriers many women face in terms of rising to the top of corporate and governmental positions is referred to as the

glass ceiling

An educated guess about the causal relationship between two or more variables

hypothesis

The degree to which members of a group are connected to others in their society is referred to as social _____.

integration

. Jane Addams and other settlement house workers would often _______ elected officials, which means contacting them and trying to convince them to support issues important to the community.

lobby

Made up of interviews and careful observations; Studies subject in great depth but may be very time consuming

qualitative research

Can be measured with numbers and is less time consuming than interviews and field research

quantitative research

Those people who are responsible for the care of both their children and their parents are part of the _____________ generation.

sandwhich

Those people who are responsible for the care of both their children and their parents are part of the "_____ generation".

sandwich

What are some of the consequences of poverty? (Check all that apply)

shorter average life span lesser access to health care Attendance at public schools with fewer resources

The hierarchical arrangement of people in a society or division of people into classes is referred to as

social stratification

What are examples of age stratification in America? (Check all that apply)

stereotyping and discrimination based on age unequal distribution of economic resources based on age ageism

Absolute poverty is the inability to provide for one's basic needs while relative poverty is the inability to obtain the usual material goods of others in your society.

true

Discrimination can affect the life chances of members of the minority group targeted.

true

Empirical evidence includes facts that be gathered from experiments and data collection.

true

Institutional discrimination is sometimes referred to as structural discrimination.

true

Lower birth rates and advances in medical technology have contributed to the "Graying of America"

true

Objectivity, or being free from bias, is the foundation of sociological studies.

true

What are the main factors influencing social class in America? (Check all that apply)

wealth occupation education income