sociology

BLANK anthropology used to be considered different from BLANK sociology because anthropologists studied BLANK and sociologists studied BLANK. These differences have eroded, but sociology remains distinct based on its use of a wide variety of BLANK.

cultural, them, us, methods

You're a new sociologist and have been asked to do some research on the following topics. Identify the topics that would be possible and not possible to study as a sociologist. bonobo apes agriculture aviation hobbyists bees early hominids

possible: agriculture aviation hobbyists not possible: bonobo apes bees early hominids

Sum up Du Bois's concept of double consciousness in the daily life of a black American

A black American has to think not only about what he or she is doing, but also about how that behavior appears to onlookers.

Jane Addams (1860-1935)

For founding Hull House and other social activism, Addams (1860-1935) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 - developed methodology of community studies =>Chicago school -tested Chicago school ideas through applied research (Hull House)

Which American sociologist's work most closely followed the functionalist tradition of analyzing social phenomena based on the role they played in society?

Talcott Parsons

*****Network Theory

A type of theory that uses a structural explanation in which the emphasis is on locations and connections within an interconnected web or network and on the shape or overall pattern of the network.

Verstehen (Weber)

For Weber, this German word, which means "understanding," captures the importance of approaching social behavior from the perspective of those engaged in it. - to understand why people act the way they do, sociologist must understand meanings people attach to behavior

The talented tenth Du Bois

In Du Bois's view, a "talented tenth" of economic and intellectual elites should provide leadership in the African American community

Max Weber (1964-1920)

In his writings, Weber criticized Marx for going too far in his narrow focus on economic and class differences. - Verstehen - role of protestant religion in transforming European economies. (thought they turned upside down medieval ideas of work and wealth)

*****midrange theory

an approach that integrates empiricism and grand theory

******** (ask prof) Collins Theory of credentialism

an increase in educational requirements for jobs does not reflect an increase in job complexity. Educational requirements often increase while job requirements decrease. But if educational requirements decrease, that does not mean that job requirements also decrease

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

followed the same approach to sociology as Comte before him. - anomie -positivist sociology - division of labor - social and moral consequences that help determine society's social solidarity

Sociological Imagination and its function (C. Wright Mills)

function: connect personal experience with larger forces of history -The sociological imagination involves stepping back from our personal experiences and asking how things we consider "normal" came to be. -The sociological imagination allows us to explain social patterns and individual decision making, not to pass judgment on them.

social ecology

humans' behaviors and personalities are shaped by their social and physical environments

symbolic interactionism is part of BLANK sociology

interpretive

Auguste Comte (1798-1857)

invented what he called "social physics" or "positivism" - we could determine right and wrong without reference to higher powers or other religious concepts

Anomie

lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group

holy trinity of sociologists

marx, weber, durkheim

An extension of the nineteenth-century theory called BLANK, functionalism seeks to understand a BLANK or institution by discerning the role it plays in BLANK society to continue on its present course. For instance, BLANK is understood to play a role in assigning jobs to the most qualified persons.

organicism, social phenomenon, enabling, social inequality

examples of social institutions

school, bank, courthouse, military

Organicism

the notion that society is like a living organism, each part of which serves an important role in keeping society together

Identify the important concepts in the writings and work of W. E. B. Du Bois. a. double consciousness b. anomie c. socioeconomic egalitarianism d. the talented tenth

the talented tenth,

Georg Simmel (1858-1918)

- established what is today called formal sociology. - network theory - study of micro interactions -social interactions of very small groups

returns to schooling

"Returns to schooling" is one approach sociologists use to test popular assumptions regarding the value of education, and the effects of education on social inequality. - higher income due to bachelor's degree - greater overall health and happiness By the time college graduates are in their mid- to late fifties, they will, on average, have accumulated almost $1 million more in net income than those with only a high-school degree.

Identify the functions of college as a social institution

- certifies what counts as legitimate knowledge - segregates portion of population by age - provides shared narrative for alumni - as a brand for apparel and other products, part of commercial marketplace

Talcott Parsons (1902-1979)

- famed functionalist - advocated grand theory (the theory of society based on aspects fo the real world and the organization of these concepts to form a conception of society as a stable system of interrelated parts).

Identify the features that define a social institution

- self-sustaining over time/reproduce selves -plays a role in society broadly recognized by others - several interactive but independent parts within the structure work together - identity not easily changeable

Identify the key tenets of the Chicago School in American sociology.

- the self emerges through a process of interacting with other (C. H. Cooley writes about the mirroring of one's self in the responses of others.) -human behavior and personality are shaped by social and physical environments (social ecology) -society is conceptualized as a "generalized other"

Conflict Theory

-a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources -Conflict theory holds that revolution and war are often necessary for social progress -the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general - does not recognize long term stability as natural condition of societies

Functionalism

An extension of the nineteenth-century theory called organicism, functionalism seeks to understand a social phenomenon or institution by discerning the role it plays in enabling society to continue on its present course. For instance, social inequality is understood to play a role in assigning jobs to the most qualified persons.

According to BLANK , social physics, otherwise known as BLANK , would allow scientists to develop scientific BLANK to explain BLANK.

Auguste Comte, positivism, laws, human behavior

Which of the following theorists are associated with the positivist-functionalist tradition?

Comte, Durkheim, Webers

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard. He developed the concept of double consciousness to explain how African Americans move between two behavioral and conceptual scripts.(1868-1963)

Du Bois

Anomie (Durkheim), associated with Du Bois

Du Bois invoked Durkheim's theory of anomie to explain high crime rates among southern blacks.

timeline of these sociologist's sociological work: C. Wright Mills W.E.B Du Bois Talcott Parsions William Julis Wilson

Early 1902: W.E.B Du Bois 1938: Talcott Parsons 1956: c. Wright Mills 1977: William Julius Wilson

timeline of sociologists world war I to world war II

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) Georg Himmel (1858-1918) Max Weber (1920) Jane Addams ( 1860-1935)

female sociologist who wrote book of methods

Martineau

Drawing on Marx's theoretical perspective, who examined the concentration of power in modern American society? (1916-1962)

Mills

Did Du Bois agree with social egalitarianism? Why or why not?

No, Du Bois argued that class inequality within the black community was necessary for social progress.

*****formal sociology

Simmel's theory that argues that different human interactions, once isolated from their content, can be similar in form

What does it mean to think like a sociologist?

Think of world in a way that makes the familiar strange

Who was an American sociologist who argued that class was becoming a more important determining factor in the lives of African Americans than race was. 1977

William Julius Wilson

Identify the reasons why the question "Why go to college?" is an example of using the sociological imagination a. It questions a taken for granted practice for many Americans

a.

Identify the examples of colleges protecting their status as credentialing institutions. a. college and university ranking systems b. institutional identity practices such as traditions, symbols, and alumni networks c.marketing campaigns meant to prevent students from receiving a degree at an illegitimate institution d.suing unaccredited institutions for providing degrees without approval

a. college and university ranking systems (rank is sign of status) b. institutional identity practices such as traditions, symbols, and alumni networks (carry on shared story)

Identify the examples of research questions that can best be answered with midrange theory. a. In what circumstances do behaviors become reframed as health problems? b. Why has demand for educational credentials in the labor force risen? c. How does social change occur over time within society? d. How do women in leadership use clothing to express power

a. examines how institutions function and interact with individual problems. b. examines how institutions function within society

What is the ultimate basis for a social institution's continued existence over time?

an ongoing narrative that links the past, present, and future

A certain high school student is wearing "cool" clothing and is considered "cool." Identify the statements about this situation that support the theory of symbolic interactionism Coolness is a construction rather than an objective fact. The coolness of the student and the clothing are connected in a causal cycle. The student would be considered cool even without cool clothes. Neither the student nor the clothing is actually cool. The student is considered cool because of the cool clothes.

supporting statements: Coolness is a construction rather than an objective fact. The coolness of the student and the clothing are connected in a causal cycle. non-supporting statements: The student would be considered cool even without cool clothes. Neither the student nor the clothing is actually cool. The student is considered cool because of the cool clothes.

Page(s) 25-26 1.3 The Sociology of Sociology A black and white image of Karl Marx.According to Karl Marx, the struggle of class against class in a society is preceded by the struggle of the society against nature.

true

Identify the goals of conflict theory.

understanding how conflict is essential for social change understanding the role of conflict at all scales of investigation—from the family to the nation