Sociology Chapter 10 Race, Ethnicity, and Racism

In 1735, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus published a modern classification scheme for human populations. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup

had qualities of behavior or temperament that were innate and could not be altered.

Assimilation occurs when

new immigrant groups assume the attitudes and language of the dominant community.

When minority members experience microaggression, they

often respond with silence, although they experience the interaction as an insult.

Which statement is an accurate characterization of the concept of race?

The concept of race plays an important role in the reproduction of patterns of power and inequality.

Asian Americans

Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate?

Latino Americans

Which of the following U.S. minority groups is the largest?

What is a characteristic of White privilege?

White Americans may often benefit from it without even realizing it.

Black Americans account for roughly ________ of the U.S. population and ________ of chief executives. Correct!

13 percent; 3 percent

A minority roup

A disadvantaged group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as

Black men and women

Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. Which group has the highest rate of hypertension?

Discrimination

Although Anthony, a Black American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Latino American, only Francisco was given a raise, because the owner believes that Latino Americans are better workers than Black Americans. Denying Anthony a raise in this way is an example of

Ireland; urban

As a result of successive potato famines that produced widespread starvation, 1.5 million people migrated to the United States from ________ in the nineteenth century and settled mostly in ________ areas.

Which group of Americans has the highest median household income?

Asian Americans

Genocide

Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. This is an example of

Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of ________ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Black Americans

Which group of Americans has the lowest median household income

Black Americans

Which statement about Black elected officials in the United States is most accurate?

Black Americans have made great gains in holding elected office but are still underrepresented.

According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa White?

Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are White.

Emigration

Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. He wants to move to another country and never return—Canada, maybe. This is an example of

True

Collective slave revolts were more common in the Caribbean than in the United States.

Who would most likely believe that strengthening the Black family is the solution to racial inequality?

Daniel Patrick Moynihan

A White man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and, instead, rents it to the second applicant, who is White. What is this scenario MOST an example of?

Discrimination

Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency?

Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism.

Japanese Americans

During World War II, ________ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps.

Displacement

Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called

Which factor is LEAST likely to explain IQ differences between Black Americans and White Americans?

Genetic factors

Interpersonal racism

Karl is tired of trying to explain to his gardener, whose English is poor, what he wants done. "I think the guy is lazy and just pretends not to understand," Karl tells a neighbor. This is an example of

96%

In 2013,_______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year olds supported interracial marriage

41%

In 2016, what percentage of families headed by Latina women lived in poverty?

Latina women

In 2017, among full-time workers, which group has the lowest weekly earnings?

The history of racial segregation

In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that ________ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of Black poverty and the continued polarization of Black and White people.

Segregation

In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Black citizens to live separately from White citizens and forbade sexual relations between races. This is an example of

Scapegoating

In the 1920s, many Germans blamed their country's post-World War I economic troubles on the Jews among them. This is a classic example of

True

In the United States, foreign-born Chinese Americans outnumber those brought up in the United States.

Higher rates of known health risk

In understanding the racial disparity in maternal health care between Black and White women, what factor is most directly associated with the cumulative effects of institutional and everyday racial discrimination that Black women face?

Which of the following did the 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplish?

It outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places

Which of the following Latino groups is the largest

Mexican Americans

Racialization

Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. This type of categorization is known as

Immigrants

More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from

Latin America or Asia

More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from

________ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland.

Multiculturalism

According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States?

Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas.

Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from

Northwestern Europe

Puerto Rico

Of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the United States?

Whether a movement of people is an example of immigration or emigration depends on whether

One is talking about the country of arrival or of departure

Brown v. Board of education

Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954—the year of the ________ decision.

Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race?

Perhaps the single most significant race-based explanation of Black-White inequality is the restriction or segregation of Black Americans in physical spaces known as ghettos.

Racism

Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as

False

Racial microaggressions are usually motivated by a desire to preserve racial inequality.

For most of the period of European expansion, Europeans believed themselves to be superior to the people in the countries the Europeans colonized and conquered. This belief fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism?

Racist views, distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans, became central to European racist attitudes.

The model minority effect

Sociologist Jennifer Lee believes that, when a teacher has preconceptions like "Asian kids are really studious and smart," this belief can actually boost the performance of Asian students in the teacher's classes. Lee calls this phenomenon

Are latinos white or non-white

Some Latinos are white and some are non-white

Prejudice

Steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native-born Americans. He continues to hold this belief even though he learned in school that native-born Americans are more likely to commit crimes than immigrants are. Steve's attitude is an example of

Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II?

The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war.

False

The concept of institutional racism was first developed by sociologists in the 1970s.

True

The genetic diversity within populations that share visible physical traits is as great as the diversity among populations

Which of the following statements concerning minority group is true

The term refers to political power and is not simply a numerical distinction

A White person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements?

White Americans sometimes assume that the Asian American person they are speaking to is an immigrant.

Stereotyping

Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as

Cubans

Unlike other Latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white-collar and professional backgrounds.

Multiculturalism

When ethnic groups live under genuine "separate but equal" conditions, that is

institutional racism

When speeding charges are made, Black people fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than by radar or laser evidence. This is an example of

African Americans

Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups besides Anglo-Saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups?

William Julius Wilson

Who argued that, by the 1980s, the economic conditions of Black Americans had become central to their life chances?

Create large numbers of jobs

William Julius Wilson has argued that, for the United States to bridge the Black-White gap in inequality, the federal government would need to

Race

________ is a socially constructed category based on the belief in fundamental human differences associated with physical characteristics and ancestry.

sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that

by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities.

During which period were Mexican workers admitted without much restriction?

in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s

What were the "Black Codes"?

laws limiting the rights of Black Americans in the South after the Civil War

Ethnicity

refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts.

What are the defining qualities of what Theodor Adorno calls the authoritarian personality?

rigid conformity and submissiveness to authority and intolerance in one's religious and sexual views