Sociology Chapter 12

4. Regulation of sexual behavior

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Conflict perspective 2

2. View the family as an economic unit that contributes to societal injustice. The basis for transferring power, property and privilege from one generation to the next.

Single-parent familes

A family in which only one parent is present to care for the children.

Extended family

A family in which relatives-such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles - live in the same home as parents and their children.

Serial Monogamy

A form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses in his or her lifetime, but only one spouse at a time.

Monogamy

A form of marriage in which one woman and one man are married only to each other.

Polygyny

A form of polygamy in which a man may have more than 1 wife at the same time.

Polyandry

A form of polygamy in which a woman may have more than one husband at the same time such as Nyinba.

Bilateral descent

A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.

Patrilineal descent

A kinship system in which only the father's relatives are significant in terms of property, inheritance, and emotional ties. (Most society - 64% prefer)

Matrilineal descent

A kinship system in which only the mother's relatives are significant

Nuclear family

A married couple and their unmarried children living together.

Machismo

A sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in their maleness (Mexican-American)

Family

A set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-on relationship, or adoption, who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society

Patriarchy

A society in which men dominate in family decision making (Iran).

Matriarchy

A society in which women dominate in family decision making (Native American tribal societies).

Egalitarian Family

An authority pattern in which spouses are regarded as equals.

African-American families

Black single mothers often belong to stable, functioning kin networks. Black family life has emphasized deep religious commitment and high aspirations for achievement.

Lower-class families

Children typically assume adult responsibilities at an early age

Friedrich Engels

Described the family as the ultimate source of social inequality because of its role in the transfer of power, property, and privilege.

Social Class Difference - Upper class

Emphasis on lineage and maintenance of family position. Quite concerned about what they see as proper training for children.

Polygamy

George Murdock. A form of marriage in which an individual may have several husbands or wives simultaneously.

Factors Associated with Divorce

Greater social acceptance of divorce. - Most states have adopted more liberal divorce laws - a more practical option in newly formed families (fewer children) - General increase in family incomes (costly divorce proceeding) - Society provides greater opportunities for women - women less dependent on their husbands both economically and emotionally

Feminist perspective

How women's work outside the home impacts their child care and housework (and the care of aging parents)- "Second Shift"

Adoption

In a legal sense, the transfer of the legal rights, reponsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents

Interactionist perspective

Interested in how individuals interact with one another, whether they are cohabiting partners or longtime married couples. Examine the role of the stepparent.

3. Socialization

Monitor a child's behavior,and transmit the norms, values, and language of their culture to the child.

Child-rearing Patterns

Parenthood and grandparenthood; Adoption; Dual-income families; Single-parent families; Stepfamiles

Familism (Familismo)

Pride in the extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk outside the immediate family.

Native Americans

Teenage parenthood is not regarded as the crisis; Trace their descent matrilineally; Deep emotion commitment of their extended families

Homogamy

The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own.

Feminization of poverty

The disproportionate representation of female-headed households among the poor is a persistent and growing trend

2. Protection

The family assumes the ultimate responsibility for the protection and upnbringing of children

1. Reproduction

The family contributes to human survival through its function of reproduction.

5. Affection and companionship

The family provides members with warm and intimate relationships, helping them to feel satisfied and secure.

Cohabitation

The practice of living together as a male-female couples without marrying

Incest Taboo

The prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives.

Exogamy

The requirement that people select a mate outside certain groups, usually one's family or certain kinfolk.

Endogamy

The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group. Intended to reinforce the cohesiveness of the group.

Kinship

The state of being related to others. Is culturally learned and is not totally determined by biological and marital ties (adoption).

Domestic Partnership

Two unrelated adults who share a mutually caring relationship, reside together, and agree to be jointly responsible for their dependents, basic living expenses, and other common necessities.

6. Provision of social status

We inherit a social position because of the family background and reputation of our parents and siblings.

Functionalist perspective.

William F. Ogburn. The family performs six paramount functions.

legal, legal rights, responsibilities, privileges, parenthood, parent, parents

adoption: In a ______sense, the transfer of the______ ________, ___________, and _________of __________to a new legal _____or ________

kinship, both, family, equally important

bilateral descent: A ________system in which ______sides of a person's ________are regarded as ________ _____________

living together, male, female, marrying

cohabitation The practice of _______ ___________ as a _____-______ couples without _________

unrelated adults, relationship, reside, jointly responsible, dependents, basic living expenses, necessities

domestic partnership:Two ____________ _______ who share a mutually caring ___________, ______ together, and agree to be ________ ____________ for their __________, _______ ______ __________, and other common ____________.

authority pattern, spouses, equals

egalitarian family: An ________ _______in which ________ are regarded as ______.

restriction, mate selection, group, cohesiveness

endogamy: The __________of _____ _________ to people within the same _____. Intended to reinforce the ___________of the group.

requirement, outside, groups, family, kinfolk

exogamy: The ___________that people select a mate _____certain _______, usually one's ________or certain _________.

family, relatives, grandparents, aunts, uncles, live, home, parents, children

extended family: A ______in which ________-such as ________, _____, or _______- live in the same _____as ______and their ______.

pride, extended family, close ties, strong obligations, kinfolk, immediate

familism (familismo): _____in the________ ________, expressed through the maintenance of ______ ______ and _________ ________ to ______outside the __________ family.

blood, marriage, relationship, adoption, responsibility, caring, society

family: A set of people related by _____, _________or some other agreed-on ________, or ________, who share the primary __________for reproduction and ______for members of ______

conscious, unconscious, mate, characteristics

homogamy: The _________or ________tendency to select a ____ with personal ___________similar to one's own.

prohibition, sexual relationships, culturally, relatives

incest taboo: The ________of ______ ____________ between certain ________specified __________.

related, culturally, biological, marital, adoption

kinship: The state of being _______to others. Is ________learned and is not totally determined by ________and ________ties (_________).

virility, personal worth, pride, maleness, Mexican American

machismo: A sense of _____, ________ ________, and _____in their __________(_______-________)

women, family decision making, Native American tribal societies

matriarchy: A society in which _________dominate in______ _________ ________ (_______ _________ ______ ________).

kinship, mother, relatives, significant

matrilineal descent: A _______system in which only the ________'s ________are ___________

marriage, 1 woman, 1 man, married

monogamy: A form of _________in which # _________and # ______ are _________only to each other.

married, unmarried children

nuclear family: A ________couple and their _________ ________ living together.

men, family decision making, Iran

patriarchy: A society in which ____ dominate in ______ ________ ________ (_____).

kinship, father, relatives, significant, property, inheritance, emotional, 64

patrilineal descent: A _______system in which only the _______'s _________ are _________in terms of _______, ________, and _________ties. (Most society - #% prefer)

polygamy, woman, husband, Nyinba

polyandry: A form of _________in which a ________may have more than one ________at the same time such as ______.

George murdock, marriage, husbands, wives

polygamy: ________ ________. A form of _________in which an individual may have several ________or ______simultaneously.

polygamy, man, 1 wife

polygyny: A form of _________in which a _____may have more than # ______ at the same time.

marriage, spouses, lifetime, 1 spouse

serial monogamy: A form of ________ in which a person may have several _________ in his or her ______, but only # _______ at a time.

1 parent, children

single-parent family: A family in which only # _______ is present to care for the ________.

transracial adoption

the adoption of a non-white child by white parents or a hispanic child by non-hispanics.

adoption, non white, child, white, hispanic, child, non hispanics

transracial adoption: the ________of a ____-____ _____by _____ parents or a _______ ____by ____-_________.

Conflict perspective 1

1. View family as a reflection of the inequality in wealth and power that is found within the larger society. Traditionally legitimized and perpetuated male dominance.