Sociology chapter 3

Only an authoritative body or formal institution can impose negative sanctions. True False

False

Signs are symbols that stand for or convey an idea. True False

True

How are norms enforced in everyday settings? a. by sanctions b. by signs c. by multiculturalism d. by culture wars

a. by sanctions

The tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others is called a. ethnocentrism. b. self-centeredness. c. cultural relativism. d. culture shock.

a. ethnocentrism.

A monetary fine, harsh words, and shaking one's fist are examples of a. negative sanctions. b. positive feedback. c. cultural universals. d. situational norms.

a. negative sanctions.

Alejandra believes that religion is the basis for good values and that promoting religion in society promotes social order. What perspective best describes Alejandra's views? a. structural functionalism b. promote a fashion brand c. conflict theory d. symbolic interactionism

a. structural functionalism

Which of the following sequences lists norms in the correct order, from the most strictly enforced to the least? a. taboos, mores, folkways b. mores, taboos, folkways c. folkways, taboos, mores d. folkways, mores, taboos

a. taboos, mores, folkways

Many American colleges and universities require students to take classes on non-Western cultures. Why do these requirements exist? a. to demonstrate the value of multiculturalism and to reduce ethnocentrism b. to offer international exchange students studying in America classes they will like c. to prepare students who will eventually work in other countries d. to offer students fascinated by exotic cultures classes they will like

a. to demonstrate the value of multiculturalism and to reduce ethnocentrism

How are informal norms different from formal norms? a. Informal norms involve dress and etiquette. b. Informal norms are implicit and unwritten. c. Informal norms are legislated by the government. d. Informal norms are always followed.

b. Informal norms are implicit and unwritten.

Sociologists use which of the following terms to describe a group with values and norms that oppose the dominant culture? a. subculture b. counterculture c. symbolic culture d. mainstream culture

b. counterculture

Today, it is possible to travel all over the world, especially if you visit major metropolitan areas, without ever having to eat anything but McDonald's food. This is an example of a. counterculture. b. cultural leveling. c. cultural diffusion. d. dominant culture.

b. cultural leveling.

The ability to understand another culture in terms of that culture's own norms and values, without reference to any other culture's standards, is called a. culture shock. b. cultural relativism. c. cultural lag. d. ethnocentrism.

b. cultural relativism.

An employee who has a special relationship with his boss is promoted instead of a more deserving co-worker. This is an example of the a. way culture wars happen. b. distinction between ideal culture and real culture. c. role of subculture in determining status and rank. d. ideal way to conduct business.

b. distinction between ideal culture and real culture.

Designer labels on purses and logos on shirts are both examples of a. values. b. material culture. c. cultural essentials. d. counterculture.

b. material culture.

What is the definition of "culture"? a. Culture involves the reactions to the ways in which people follow or disobey norms in society. b. Culture is limited to rules or guidelines about what kind of behavior is acceptable and appropriate within a particular situation. c. Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people and it acts as a lens through which we view the world. d. Culture is the principle of evaluating another group or individual as abnormal or inferior.

c. Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people and it acts as a lens through which we view the world.

Which of the following is an example of a taboo in American society? a. divorce b. bankruptcy c. incest d. drunkenness

c. incest

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger, dominant culture is called a a. cultural spin-off. b. subdominant culture. c. subculture. d. counterculture.

c. subculture.

Jill is visiting her boyfriend's family in China. During a conversation, she points to him with her index finger, which his family doesn't seem to like. Later, her boyfriend explains that she should point with an open hand instead of using a finger. Why is this instruction needed? a. Sanctions exist in China, but not in the United States, where Jill is from. b. The action of pointing does not have symbolic meaning. c. Jill was attempting to be rude to his family. d. The meaning of gestures is not universal.

d. The meaning of gestures is not universal.

Karen thinks that religion is used by powerful people and institutions to control the public. What perspective best describes Karen's views? a. radicalization b. structural functionalism c. symbolic interactionism d. conflict theory

d. conflict theory

During the American occupation of Japan after World War II, the Japanese observed soldiers playing baseball and later adopted it as one of their pastimes. This is an example of a. counterculture. b. material culture. c. culture war. d. cultural diffusion.

d. cultural diffusion.

The values, norms, and practices of the most powerful group within a society are called a. minority culture. b. cultural leveling. c. symbolic culture. d. dominant culture.

d. dominant culture.

A married man in the United States with several mistresses is violating a ________, but he is violating a ________ if he is married to more than one woman at the same time. a. folkway; mores b. norm; folkway c. law; taboo d. mores; law

d. mores; law

What do sociologists call the norms and values that people actually follow as opposed to the norms and values that people believe should be followed? a. subculture b. ideal culture c. symbolic culture d. real culture

d. real culture

Sameer thinks that religion consists of meaningful displays of values and norms that are created, maintained, and changed through social interaction. What perspective best describes Sameer's views? a. conflict theory b. structural functionalism c. radicalization d. symbolic interactionism

d. symbolic interactionism