Sociology Chapter 3

How does a counterculture diff er from a subculture?

A: A counterculture deliberately opposes the beliefs of the dominant culture.

Which of the following is an example of how material culture can relate to nonmaterial culture?

A: Buying that latest brand of sneakers to look cool

Which of the following is an example of a nonmaterial aspect of culture?

A: Family Relationships

Sanctions that are imposed by persons that are given special authority

A: Formal Sanctions

Carlo's first-grade teacher is teaching him that he should only speak in class after raising his hand and being called on. What is this an example of?

A: Norm

Which of the following statements helps explain why beliefs are important?

A: People base their behavior on their beliefs

Groupings of people who share a social characteristic

A: Social Categories

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal?

A: the existence of a family structure

Which of the following is a symbol?

A: your school's mascot

A bell ringing at lunchtime is an example of a symbol.

True

Animals are born with instincts.

True

Cultural behavior must be learned.

True

One criticism of sociobiology is that it can lead to claims that are racist.

True

Our ideal culture provides us with high standards of behavior

True

People who begin to learn a new language often start to view the world differently.

True

The cultural meaning of physical objects is not determined by their physical characteristics.

True

The hypothesis of linguistic relativity states that the language we use influences our perception of the world.

True

The importance that many people in the United States place on having nice cars is an example of a material aspect of culture.

True

In the 1960's, African Americans boycotted some businesses that practiced segregation. Which of the following is this an example of?

B: An informal sanction

Group that deliberately opposes the beliefs of the dominant culture

B: Counterculture

What are drives?

B: Impulses to reduce discomfort.

How does material culture diff er from nonmaterial culture?

B: Material culture consists of objects rather than beliefs and ideas

Rules of behavior that bring punishment when they are violated

B: Taboos

How do sociobiologists view human behavior?

B: They assume behavior is biologically based and transmitted genetically.

Which of the following is an element of culture?

B: Values

In Sara's culture, women are expected to serve food to men. Then women eat their own meal after the men are finished eating. Which of the following is this an example of?

B: cultural particular

What is one advantage of language for humans?

B: it frees humans from the limits of time and place.

Which of the following best describes symbols?

B: things that stand for or represent something else.

Which of the following is an example of a basic value or values in the United States?

C: Achievement and Success

What is one way that language related to culture?

C: Language enables culture to be transmitted from one generation to the next.

Norms that have great moral significance and should be followed

C: Mores

Which of the following describes the hypothesis of linguistic relativity?

C: Our perception of reality depends largely on language.

A group that is part of the dominant culture but diff ers from it in some ways

C: Subculture

Assume that most members of a particular society believe everyone should have the same opportunities regardless of their race. In reality, however, many people discriminate against members of minority groups. Which of the following best describes this situation?

C: The actual culture is different from the ideal culture

What is one value that has changed over time in the United States?

C: There is a decline of openly expressed racism.

In the United States, most people believe that every child is entitled to an education. Which of the following is this belief an example of?

C: Value

How do sociologists define society?

C: a territory inhabited by people with a common culture.

What accounts for the presence of cultural universals?

C: biological similarities

How do sociologists view the role of culture in human behavior?

D: Culture channels the expression of biological characteristics.

A method of judging others by one's own cultural standards

D: Ethnocentrism

Norms that lack moral significance

D: Folkways

Which of the following accounts for the global popularity of Hollywood movies?

D: diffusion

The borrowing of aspects of one culture by other cultures

E: Diffusion

Sanctions that can be applied by most members of a group

E: Informal Sanctions

Beliefs are always true

False, beliefs can be true or false.

Individuals inherit specific personality traits and patterns of behavior.

False, heredity sets broad parameters for the development of some behaviors and traits.

Because they are more intelligent, humans rely more on instincts than other animals.

False, humans don't rely more on instincts.

The meaning of a symbol is based solely on its physical characteristics.

False, the meaning of a symbol is not solely based on its physical characteristics.

In most societies, the real culture is identical to the ideal culture.

False, the real culture is almost always different from the ideal culture.

The vocabulary used by a society can reveal the level of sophistication of the society's nature.

False, the vocabulary used by a society doesn't reveal the level of sophistication of the society's culture.