sociology - chapter 4

According to the symbolic interactionist George Herbert Mead, playing organized games is important for an older child's development of the self because

game playing invovles learning to anticipate and coordinate with other players' actions

Social media has the potential to increase the number of perspectives we are exposed to and socialize us in ways we never conceived before. Someone who has been influenced and "pieced together" through whatever sources available is an example of which sociological concept?

saturated self

Changes in the importance of socialization's different agents might occur over time within a society. Identify the major agent(s) of socialization that is/are less important to adolescents now than in the late 1800s.

the family

Which theorist argued that if people define a situation as real, it is real in its consequences?

W.I. Thomas

A(n) ________ status is earned.

achieved

Churches usually teach their members rules and often codify these rules into formal commandments to be followed. Given this, churches can be considered

agents of socialization

Recent research by marine biologists suggests that bottlenose dolphins have names for themselves. Scientists played sounds they had identified as the names of particular dolphins by putting them through a synthesizer so that they did not sound like the voices of particular dolphins. The researchers found that dolphins would respond to the names of other dolphins to which they were related or with which they were associated, but they ignored the names of strangers. This discovery suggests a much greater degree of self-awareness in aquatic mammals than was previously suspected. What does this research suggest about dolphins if it is accurate?

dolphins have a sense of self similiar to that of humans

Some researchers have argued that in highly individualistic cultures, such as that of the United States, the emotion of shame is usually triggered by individual actions. However, in more collectivist cultures like Japan's, shame is linked to groups. This would seem to indicate that

emotions are not solely personal, because the expression of emotions can also be social and cultural

Why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization?

family begins the socialization process before there are any other competing influences

Ade and his parents immigrated to the United States from Nigeria when he was a young child. Growing up, he found himself behaving and talking differently at school than at home because he felt it would help him fit in and be treated like everyone else. Which sociological concept best explains Ade's behavior and interactions with others?

impression management

Many people are afraid of picking up hitchhikers. Imagine that a hitchhiker, to be offered a ride, makes a suitcase out of a gasoline can so that he looks like he's a stranded motorist rather than a hitchhiker. A sociologist would say that the hitchhiker was working on

impression management

Patrick isn't old enough to go to school yet, but he loves to play house. He has a toy stove and pretends to be a stay-at-home father. Playing house sometimes gets boring, so he goes outside, takes a garden hose, and pretends to be a firefighter. George Herbert Mead would say that Patrick is

in the play stage

What are some examples of things students learn from a school's hidden curriculum?

punctuality, neatness, and discipline

______ refers to the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status.

role

The process by which individuals learn and internalize the values, norms, and beliefs of their social group and thereby become functioning members is known as

socialization.

When a child can internalize the expectations of other specific people, they have learned how to

take the role of the particular or significant other.

Sociologists define the self as

the experience of an individual's personal identity that is distinct from other people.

Which part of the mind of feral children would Sigmund Freud expect to be most fully developed?

the id

According to Sigmund Freud's theoretical perspective, the parts of the mind are

the id, ego, and superego.

Some theorists have suggested that all individuals act like mirrors to each other. What do sociologists call this concept?

the looking glass self